index.js

var Node = {
  child: require('child_process'),
  crypto: require('crypto'),
  fs: require('fs'),
  os: require('os'),
  path: require('path'),
  process: process,
  util: require('util')
};

function Attempt(instance, end) {
  var platform = Node.process.platform;
  if (platform === 'darwin') return Mac(instance, end);
  if (platform === 'linux') return Linux(instance, end);
  if (platform === 'win32') return Windows(instance, end);
  end(new Error('Platform not yet supported.'));
}

function EscapeDoubleQuotes(string) {
  if (typeof string !== 'string') throw new Error('Expected a string.');
  return string.replace(/"/g, '\\"');
}

function Exec() {
  if (arguments.length < 1 || arguments.length > 3) {
    throw new Error('Wrong number of arguments.');
  }
  var command = arguments[0];
  var options = {};
  var end = function() {};
  if (typeof command !== 'string') {
    throw new Error('Command should be a string.');
  }
  if (arguments.length === 2) {
    if (Node.util.isObject(arguments[1])) {
      options = arguments[1];
    } else if (Node.util.isFunction(arguments[1])) {
      end = arguments[1];
    } else {
      throw new Error('Expected options or callback.');
    }
  } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
    if (Node.util.isObject(arguments[1])) {
      options = arguments[1];
    } else {
      throw new Error('Expected options to be an object.');
    }
    if (Node.util.isFunction(arguments[2])) {
      end = arguments[2];
    } else {
      throw new Error('Expected callback to be a function.');
    }
  }
  if (/^sudo/i.test(command)) {
    return end(new Error('Command should not be prefixed with "sudo".'));
  }
  if (typeof options.name === 'undefined') {
    var title = Node.process.title;
    if (ValidName(title)) {
      options.name = title;
    } else {
      return end(new Error('process.title cannot be used as a valid name.'));
    }
  } else if (!ValidName(options.name)) {
    var error = '';
    error += 'options.name must be alphanumeric only ';
    error += '(spaces are allowed) and <= 70 characters.';
    return end(new Error(error));
  }
  if (typeof options.icns !== 'undefined') {
    if (typeof options.icns !== 'string') {
      return end(new Error('options.icns must be a string if provided.'));
    } else if (options.icns.trim().length === 0) {
      return end(new Error('options.icns must not be empty if provided.'));
    }
  }
  if (typeof options.env !== 'undefined') {
    if (typeof options.env !== 'object') {
      return end(new Error('options.env must be an object if provided.'));
    } else if (Object.keys(options.env).length === 0) {
      return end(new Error('options.env must not be empty if provided.'));
    } else {
      for (var key in options.env) {
        var value = options.env[key];
        if (typeof key !== 'string' || typeof value !== 'string') {
          return end(
            new Error('options.env environment variables must be strings.')
          );
        }
        // "Environment variable names used by the utilities in the Shell and
        // Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 consist solely of uppercase
        // letters, digits, and the '_' (underscore) from the characters defined
        // in Portable Character Set and do not begin with a digit. Other
        // characters may be permitted by an implementation; applications shall
        // tolerate the presence of such names."
        if (!/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(key)) {
          return end(
            new Error(
              'options.env has an invalid environment variable name: ' +
              JSON.stringify(key)
            )
          );
        }
        if (/[\r\n]/.test(value)) {
          return end(
            new Error(
              'options.env has an invalid environment variable value: ' +
              JSON.stringify(value)
            )
          );
        }
      }
    }
  }
  var platform = Node.process.platform;
  if (platform !== 'darwin' && platform !== 'linux' && platform !== 'win32') {
    return end(new Error('Platform not yet supported.'));
  }
  var instance = {
    command: command,
    options: options,
    uuid: undefined,
    path: undefined
  };
  Attempt(instance, end);
}

function Linux(instance, end) {
  LinuxBinary(instance,
    function(error, binary) {
      if (error) return end(error);
      var command = [];
      // Preserve current working directory:
      command.push('cd "' + EscapeDoubleQuotes(Node.process.cwd()) + '";');
      // Export environment variables:
      for (var key in instance.options.env) {
        var value = instance.options.env[key];
        command.push('export ' + key + '="' + EscapeDoubleQuotes(value) + '";');
      }
      command.push('"' + EscapeDoubleQuotes(binary) + '"');
      if (/kdesudo/i.test(binary)) {
        command.push(
          '--comment',
          '"' + instance.options.name + ' wants to make changes. ' +
          'Enter your password to allow this."'
        );
        command.push('-d'); // Do not show the command to be run in the dialog.
        command.push('--');
      } else if (/pkexec/i.test(binary)) {
        command.push('--disable-internal-agent');
      }
      var magic = 'SUDOPROMPT\n';
      command.push(
        '/bin/bash -c "echo ' + EscapeDoubleQuotes(magic.trim()) + '; ' +
        EscapeDoubleQuotes(instance.command) +
        '"'
      );
      command = command.join(' ');
      Node.child.exec(command, { encoding: 'utf-8', maxBuffer: MAX_BUFFER },
        function(error, stdout, stderr) {
          // ISSUE 88:
          // We must distinguish between elevation errors and command errors.
          //
          // KDESUDO:
          // kdesudo provides no way to do this. We add a magic marker to know
          // if elevation succeeded. Any error thereafter is a command error.
          //
          // PKEXEC:
          // "Upon successful completion, the return value is the return value of
          // PROGRAM. If the calling process is not authorized or an
          // authorization could not be obtained through authentication or an
          // error occured, pkexec exits with a return value of 127. If the
          // authorization could not be obtained because the user dismissed the
          // authentication dialog, pkexec exits with a return value of 126."
          //
          // However, we do not rely on pkexec's return of 127 since our magic
          // marker is more reliable, and we already use it for kdesudo.
          var elevated = stdout && stdout.slice(0, magic.length) === magic;
          if (elevated) stdout = stdout.slice(magic.length);
          // Only normalize the error if it is definitely not a command error:
          // In other words, if we know that the command was never elevated.
          // We do not inspect error messages beyond NO_POLKIT_AGENT.
          // We cannot rely on English errors because of internationalization.
          if (error && !elevated) {
            if (/No authentication agent found/.test(stderr)) {
              error.message = NO_POLKIT_AGENT;
            } else {
              error.message = PERMISSION_DENIED;
            }
          }
          end(error, stdout, stderr);
        }
      );
    }
  );
}

function LinuxBinary(instance, end) {
  var index = 0;
  // We used to prefer gksudo over pkexec since it enabled a better prompt.
  // However, gksudo cannot run multiple commands concurrently.
  var paths = ['/usr/bin/kdesudo', '/usr/bin/pkexec'];
  function test() {
    if (index === paths.length) {
      return end(new Error('Unable to find pkexec or kdesudo.'));
    }
    var path = paths[index++];
    Node.fs.stat(path,
      function(error) {
        if (error) {
          if (error.code === 'ENOTDIR') return test();
          if (error.code === 'ENOENT') return test();
          end(error);
        } else {
          end(undefined, path);
        }
      }
    );
  }
  test();
}

function Mac(instance, callback) {
  var temp = Node.os.tmpdir();
  if (!temp) return callback(new Error('os.tmpdir() not defined.'));
  var user = Node.process.env.USER; // Applet shell scripts require $USER.
  if (!user) return callback(new Error('env[\'USER\'] not defined.'));
  UUID(instance,
    function(error, uuid) {
      if (error) return callback(error);
      instance.uuid = uuid;
      instance.path = Node.path.join(
        temp,
        instance.uuid,
        instance.options.name + '.app'
      );
      function end(error, stdout, stderr) {
        Remove(Node.path.dirname(instance.path),
          function(errorRemove) {
            if (error) return callback(error);
            if (errorRemove) return callback(errorRemove);
            callback(undefined, stdout, stderr);
          }
        );
      }
      MacApplet(instance,
        function(error, stdout, stderr) {
          if (error) return end(error, stdout, stderr);
          MacIcon(instance,
            function(error) {
              if (error) return end(error);
              MacPropertyList(instance,
                function(error, stdout, stderr) {
                  if (error) return end(error, stdout, stderr);
                  MacCommand(instance,
                    function(error) {
                      if (error) return end(error);
                      MacOpen(instance,
                        function(error, stdout, stderr) {
                          if (error) return end(error, stdout, stderr);
                          MacResult(instance, end);
                        }
                      );
                    }
                  );
                }
              );
            }
          );
        }
      );
    }
  );
}

function MacApplet(instance, end) {
  var parent = Node.path.dirname(instance.path);
  Node.fs.mkdir(parent,
    function(error) {
      if (error) return end(error);
      var zip = Node.path.join(parent, 'sudo-prompt-applet.zip');
      Node.fs.writeFile(zip, APPLET, 'base64',
        function(error) {
          if (error) return end(error);
          var command = [];
          command.push('/usr/bin/unzip');
          command.push('-o'); // Overwrite any existing applet.
          command.push('"' + EscapeDoubleQuotes(zip) + '"');
          command.push('-d "' + EscapeDoubleQuotes(instance.path) + '"');
          command = command.join(' ');
          Node.child.exec(command, { encoding: 'utf-8' }, end);
        }
      );
    }
  );
}

function MacCommand(instance, end) {
  var path = Node.path.join(
    instance.path,
    'Contents',
    'MacOS',
    'sudo-prompt-command'
  );
  var script = [];
  // Preserve current working directory:
  // We do this for commands that rely on relative paths.
  // This runs in a subshell and will not change the cwd of sudo-prompt-script.
  script.push('cd "' + EscapeDoubleQuotes(Node.process.cwd()) + '"');
  // Export environment variables:
  for (var key in instance.options.env) {
    var value = instance.options.env[key];
    script.push('export ' + key + '="' + EscapeDoubleQuotes(value) + '"');
  }
  script.push(instance.command);
  script = script.join('\n');
  Node.fs.writeFile(path, script, 'utf-8', end);
}

function MacIcon(instance, end) {
  if (!instance.options.icns) return end();
  Node.fs.readFile(instance.options.icns,
    function(error, buffer) {
      if (error) return end(error);
      var icns = Node.path.join(
        instance.path,
        'Contents',
        'Resources',
        'applet.icns'
      );
      Node.fs.writeFile(icns, buffer, end);
    }
  );
}

function MacOpen(instance, end) {
  // We must run the binary directly so that the cwd will apply.
  var binary = Node.path.join(instance.path, 'Contents', 'MacOS', 'applet');
  // We must set the cwd so that the AppleScript can find the shell scripts.
  var options = {
    cwd: Node.path.dirname(binary),
    encoding: 'utf-8'
  };
  // We use the relative path rather than the absolute path. The instance.path
  // may contain spaces which the cwd can handle, but which exec() cannot.
  Node.child.exec('./' + Node.path.basename(binary), options, end);
}

function MacPropertyList(instance, end) {
  // Value must be in single quotes (not double quotes) according to man entry.
  // e.g. defaults write com.companyname.appname "Default Color" '(255, 0, 0)'
  // The defaults command will be changed in an upcoming major release to only
  // operate on preferences domains. General plist manipulation utilities will
  // be folded into a different command-line program.
  var plist = Node.path.join(instance.path, 'Contents', 'Info.plist');
  var path = EscapeDoubleQuotes(plist);
  var key = EscapeDoubleQuotes('CFBundleName');
  var value = instance.options.name + ' Password Prompt';
  if (/'/.test(value)) {
    return end(new Error('Value should not contain single quotes.'));
  }
  var command = [];
  command.push('/usr/bin/defaults');
  command.push('write');
  command.push('"' + path + '"');
  command.push('"' + key + '"');
  command.push("'" + value + "'"); // We must use single quotes for value.
  command = command.join(' ');
  Node.child.exec(command, { encoding: 'utf-8' }, end);
}

function MacResult(instance, end) {
  var cwd = Node.path.join(instance.path, 'Contents', 'MacOS');
  Node.fs.readFile(Node.path.join(cwd, 'code'), 'utf-8',
    function(error, code) {
      if (error) {
        if (error.code === 'ENOENT') return end(new Error(PERMISSION_DENIED));
        end(error);
      } else {
        Node.fs.readFile(Node.path.join(cwd, 'stdout'), 'utf-8',
          function(error, stdout) {
            if (error) return end(error);
            Node.fs.readFile(Node.path.join(cwd, 'stderr'), 'utf-8',
              function(error, stderr) {
                if (error) return end(error);
                code = parseInt(code.trim(), 10); // Includes trailing newline.
                if (code === 0) {
                  end(undefined, stdout, stderr);
                } else {
                  error = new Error(
                    'Command failed: ' + instance.command + '\n' + stderr
                  );
                  error.code = code;
                  end(error, stdout, stderr);
                }
              }
            );
          }
        );
      }
    }
  );
}

function Remove(path, end) {
  if (typeof path !== 'string' || !path.trim()) {
    return end(new Error('Argument path not defined.'));
  }
  var command = [];
  if (Node.process.platform === 'win32') {
    if (/"/.test(path)) {
      return end(new Error('Argument path cannot contain double-quotes.'));
    }
    command.push('rmdir /s /q "' + path + '"');
  } else {
    command.push('/bin/rm');
    command.push('-rf');
    command.push('"' + EscapeDoubleQuotes(Node.path.normalize(path)) + '"');
  }
  command = command.join(' ');
  Node.child.exec(command, { encoding: 'utf-8' }, end);
}

function UUID(instance, end) {
  Node.crypto.randomBytes(256,
    function(error, random) {
      if (error) random = Date.now() + '' + Math.random();
      var hash = Node.crypto.createHash('SHA256');
      hash.update('sudo-prompt-3');
      hash.update(instance.options.name);
      hash.update(instance.command);
      hash.update(random);
      var uuid = hash.digest('hex').slice(-32);
      if (!uuid || typeof uuid !== 'string' || uuid.length !== 32) {
        // This is critical to ensure we don't remove the wrong temp directory.
        return end(new Error('Expected a valid UUID.'));
      }
      end(undefined, uuid);
    }
  );
}

function ValidName(string) {
  // We use 70 characters as a limit to side-step any issues with Unicode
  // normalization form causing a 255 character string to exceed the fs limit.
  if (!/^[a-z0-9 ]+$/i.test(string)) return false;
  if (string.trim().length === 0) return false;
  if (string.length > 70) return false;
  return true;
}

function Windows(instance, callback) {
  var temp = Node.os.tmpdir();
  if (!temp) return callback(new Error('os.tmpdir() not defined.'));
  UUID(instance,
    function(error, uuid) {
      if (error) return callback(error);
      instance.uuid = uuid;
      instance.path = Node.path.join(temp, instance.uuid);
      if (/"/.test(instance.path)) {
        // We expect double quotes to be reserved on Windows.
        // Even so, we test for this and abort if they are present.
        return callback(
          new Error('instance.path cannot contain double-quotes.')
        );
      }
      instance.pathElevate = Node.path.join(instance.path, 'elevate.vbs');
      instance.pathExecute = Node.path.join(instance.path, 'execute.bat');
      instance.pathCommand = Node.path.join(instance.path, 'command.bat');
      instance.pathStdout = Node.path.join(instance.path, 'stdout');
      instance.pathStderr = Node.path.join(instance.path, 'stderr');
      instance.pathStatus = Node.path.join(instance.path, 'status');
      Node.fs.mkdir(instance.path,
        function(error) {
          if (error) return callback(error);
          function end(error, stdout, stderr) {
            Remove(instance.path,
              function(errorRemove) {
                if (error) return callback(error);
                if (errorRemove) return callback(errorRemove);
                callback(undefined, stdout, stderr);
              }
            );
          }
          WindowsWriteExecuteScript(instance,
            function(error) {
              if (error) return end(error);
              WindowsWriteCommandScript(instance,
                function(error) {
                  if (error) return end(error);
                  WindowsElevate(instance,
                    function(error, stdout, stderr) {
                      if (error) return end(error, stdout, stderr);
                      WindowsWaitForStatus(instance,
                        function(error) {
                          if (error) return end(error);
                          WindowsResult(instance, end);
                        }
                      );
                    }
                  );
                }
              );
            }
          );
        }
      );
    }
  );
}

function WindowsElevate(instance, end) {
  // We used to use this for executing elevate.vbs:
  // var command = 'cscript.exe //NoLogo "' + instance.pathElevate + '"';
  var command = [];
  command.push('powershell.exe');
  command.push('Start-Process');
  command.push('-FilePath');
  // Escape characters for cmd using double quotes:
  // Escape characters for PowerShell using single quotes:
  // Escape single quotes for PowerShell using backtick:
  // See: https://ss64.com/ps/syntax-esc.html
  command.push('"\'' + instance.pathExecute.replace(/'/g, "`'") + '\'"');
  command.push('-WindowStyle hidden');
  command.push('-Verb runAs');
  command = command.join(' ');
  var child = Node.child.exec(command, { encoding: 'utf-8' },
    function(error, stdout, stderr) {
      // We used to return PERMISSION_DENIED only for error messages containing
      // the string 'canceled by the user'. However, Windows internationalizes
      // error messages (issue 96) so now we must assume all errors here are
      // permission errors. This seems reasonable, given that we already run the
      // user's command in a subshell.
      if (error) return end(new Error(PERMISSION_DENIED), stdout, stderr);
      end();
    }
  );
  child.stdin.end(); // Otherwise PowerShell waits indefinitely on Windows 7.
}

function WindowsResult(instance, end) {
  Node.fs.readFile(instance.pathStatus, 'utf-8',
    function(error, code) {
      if (error) return end(error);
      Node.fs.readFile(instance.pathStdout, 'utf-8',
        function(error, stdout) {
          if (error) return end(error);
          Node.fs.readFile(instance.pathStderr, 'utf-8',
            function(error, stderr) {
              if (error) return end(error);
              code = parseInt(code.trim(), 10);
              if (code === 0) {
                end(undefined, stdout, stderr);
              } else {
                error = new Error(
                  'Command failed: ' + instance.command + '\r\n' + stderr
                );
                error.code = code;
                end(error, stdout, stderr);
              }
            }
          );
        }
      );
    }
  );
}

function WindowsWaitForStatus(instance, end) {
  // VBScript cannot wait for the elevated process to finish so we have to poll.
  // VBScript cannot return error code if user does not grant permission.
  // PowerShell can be used to elevate and wait on Windows 10.
  // PowerShell can be used to elevate on Windows 7 but it cannot wait.
  // powershell.exe Start-Process cmd.exe -Verb runAs -Wait
  Node.fs.stat(instance.pathStatus,
    function(error, stats) {
      if ((error && error.code === 'ENOENT') || stats.size < 2) {
        // Retry if file does not exist or is not finished writing.
        // We expect a file size of 2. That should cover at least "0\r".
        // We use a 1 second timeout to keep a light footprint for long-lived
        // sudo-prompt processes.
        setTimeout(
          function() {
            // If administrator has no password and user clicks Yes, then
            // PowerShell returns no error and execute (and command) never runs.
            // We check that command output has been redirected to stdout file:
            Node.fs.stat(instance.pathStdout,
              function(error) {
                if (error) return end(new Error(PERMISSION_DENIED));
                WindowsWaitForStatus(instance, end);
              }
            );
          },
          1000
        );
      } else if (error) {
        end(error);
      } else {
        end();
      }
    }
  );
}

function WindowsWriteCommandScript(instance, end) {
  var cwd = Node.process.cwd();
  if (/"/.test(cwd)) {
    // We expect double quotes to be reserved on Windows.
    // Even so, we test for this and abort if they are present.
    return end(new Error('process.cwd() cannot contain double-quotes.'));
  }
  var script = [];
  script.push('@echo off');
  // Set code page to UTF-8:
  script.push('chcp 65001>nul');
  // Preserve current working directory:
  // We pass /d as an option in case the cwd is on another drive (issue 70).
  script.push('cd /d "' + cwd + '"');
  // Export environment variables:
  for (var key in instance.options.env) {
    // "The characters <, >, |, &, ^ are special command shell characters, and
    // they must be preceded by the escape character (^) or enclosed in
    // quotation marks. If you use quotation marks to enclose a string that
    // contains one of the special characters, the quotation marks are set as
    // part of the environment variable value."
    // In other words, Windows assigns everything that follows the equals sign
    // to the value of the variable, whereas Unix systems ignore double quotes.
    var value = instance.options.env[key];
    script.push('set ' + key + '=' + value.replace(/([<>\\|&^])/g, '^$1'));
  }
  script.push(instance.command);
  script = script.join('\r\n');
  Node.fs.writeFile(instance.pathCommand, script, 'utf-8', end);
}

function WindowsWriteElevateScript(instance, end) {
  // We do not use VBScript to elevate since it does not return an error if
  // the user does not grant permission. This is here for reference.
  // var script = [];
  // script.push('Set objShell = CreateObject("Shell.Application")');
  // script.push(
  // 'objShell.ShellExecute "' + instance.pathExecute + '", "", "", "runas", 0'
  // );
  // script = script.join('\r\n');
  // Node.fs.writeFile(instance.pathElevate, script, 'utf-8', end);
}

function WindowsWriteExecuteScript(instance, end) {
  var script = [];
  script.push('@echo off');
  script.push('chcp 65001>nul');
  script.push(
    'call "' + instance.pathCommand + '"' +
    ' > "' + instance.pathStdout + '" 2> "' + instance.pathStderr + '"'
  );
  script.push('(echo %ERRORLEVEL%) > "' + instance.pathStatus + '"');
  script = script.join('\r\n');
  Node.fs.writeFile(instance.pathExecute, script, 'utf-8', end);
}

module.exports.exec = Exec;

// We used to expect that applet.app would be included with this module.
// This could not be copied when sudo-prompt was packaged within an asar file.
// We now store applet.app as a zip file in base64 within index.js instead.
// To recreate: "zip -r ../applet.zip Contents" (with applet.app as CWD).
// The zip file must not include applet.app as the root directory so that we
// can extract it directly to the target app directory.
var APPLET = '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';

var PERMISSION_DENIED = 'User did not grant permission.';
var NO_POLKIT_AGENT = 'No polkit authentication agent found.';

// See issue 66:
var MAX_BUFFER = 134217728;