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DNF-Configuration-and-Commands.md

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DNF Configuration on CentOS 9

DNF (Dandified YUM) is the modern package manager for RPM-based systems, replacing YUM with improved performance, enhanced dependency management, and modular support. Below is a quick-reference guide for basic and advanced DNF usage on CentOS 9.

Using DNF

DNF improves upon YUM with better performance, enhanced dependency resolution, and support for modular content. Below are DNF commands organized by category.

DNF Configuration Files

"DNF configuration (both online and offline) follows the same approach as YUM. For more details, please refer to YUM-Configure-Offline.md and YUM-Configure-Online.md."

DNF uses two primary types of configuration files:

  1. Global Configuration ( /etc/dnf/dnf.conf )

    • Defines overall DNF settings such as GPG signature checks, kernel package retention limits, and whether to remove unused dependencies automatically.

  2. Repository Configuration ( /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo )

    • Each .repo file describes one or more software repositories, including their base URL, GPG settings, and whether they are enabled.

Basic DNF Commands

• Install a Package:

dnf install package-name

Installs the specified package (plus any required dependencies).

• Remove a Package:

dnf remove package-name

Uninstalls the specified package from your system.

• Update Packages:

dnf update

Checks for available updates and installs them for packages currently installed.

• Search for Packages:

dnf search keyword

Finds packages whose names or descriptions match the specified keyword.

• List Installed Packages:

dnf list installed

Displays all packages currently installed on the system.

• Get Package Information:

dnf info package-name

Shows detailed metadata (version, repository, size) about a specified package.

Advanced DNF Commands

• List Package Dependencies:

dnf deplist package-name

Shows all dependencies required by the package.

• Download a Package without Installing:

dnf download package-name

Retrieves the RPM file locally without installing it.

• Reinstall a Package:

dnf reinstall package-name

Reinstalls a package to restore missing or corrupted files.

• Clean DNF Cache:

dnf clean all

Removes cached package data and metadata.

• Distribution Synchronization:

dnf distro-sync

Ensures installed packages match versions in the repositories; can upgrade, downgrade, or reinstall as needed.

• Automatic Removal of Unused Dependencies:

dnf autoremove

Removes previously installed packages no longer required by any installed software.

DNF Groups

DNF can install groups of packages categorized under a common purpose.

• List Available Groups:

dnf group list

Displays all package groups available for installation.

• Install a Group:

dnf groupinstall "Group Name"

Installs all packages in a specified group.

• Remove a Group:

dnf groupremove "Group Name"

Removes packages associated with that group.

Modular Content Management

DNF supports module streams, allowing multiple versions of the same software to coexist.

• List Available Modules:

dnf module list

Displays modules and their available streams.

• Enable a Module Stream:

dnf module enable module-name:stream

Activates a particular stream version for a module.

• Install a Module:

dnf module install module-name

Installs module content from the chosen stream.

• Disable a Module:

dnf module disable module-name

Deactivates the currently enabled stream for a module.

• Reset a Module:

dnf module reset module-name

Clears any enable/disable state, returning the module to its default settings.

DNF Plugins

Plugins extend DNF’s functionality.

• List Installed Plugins:

dnf debuginfo-status

(Actual output may vary based on installed packages.)

• Install a Plugin:

dnf install dnf-plugins-core

Installs a collection of core plugins for DNF.

Some useful plugins include:

  • dnf-automatic: Automate updates.
  • dnf-versionlock: Lock specific package versions.
  • dnf-download: Download packages without installing.

Transaction History and Rollback

DNF maintains a history of transactions, allowing you to view past actions and undo them if needed.

• View Transaction History:

dnf history

Displays a chronological list of installs, updates, and removals.

• View Details of a Transaction:

dnf history info transaction-id

Shows the actions taken in a specific transaction.

• Undo a Transaction:

dnf history undo transaction-id

Attempts to revert changes from a specific transaction (limited by dependency complexities).

Troubleshooting DNF

Clearing Cache and Metadata

• Clean Cache:

dnf clean all

Removes cached package and metadata files.

• Rebuild Metadata Cache:

dnf makecache

Downloads fresh metadata from enabled repositories.

Resolving Dependency Issues

• Check for Broken Dependencies:

dnf check

Verifies installed packages for unsatisfied dependencies.

• Attempt to List Unsatisfied Dependencies:

dnf repoquery --unsatisfied

Shows packages that have missing dependencies.

Verifying Package Integrity

• Verify Installed Packages:

rpm -Va

Checks installed files for discrepancies like size, MD5 sums, and permissions.

• Reinstall Corrupted Packages:

dnf reinstall package-name

Restores missing or altered package files.

Network and Repository Connectivity

• Temporarily Disable a Slow or Unresponsive Repository:

dnf --disablerepo=repo-id ...

Skips specified repository(ies) for the current command.

• Importing GPG Keys:

rpm --import /path/to/RPM-GPG-KEY

Adds a GPG public key to verify package signatures.