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Debian-installation.md

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Step-by-Step Guide: Installing Debian on VirtualBox

1. Download Required Files ✅

Download Debian ISO

2. Create a New Virtual Machine (VM)

  1. Open VirtualBox and click "New".
  2. Enter the following details:
    • Name: Debian
    • Type: Linux
    • Version: Debian (64-bit)
  3. Click Next.

3. Configure Virtual Machine Settings

🖥️ Allocate RAM

  • Recommended: At least 2048 MB (2 GB), or 4096 MB (4 GB) for better performance.

💽 Create Virtual Hard Disk

  1. Select "Create a virtual hard disk now" → Click Create.
  2. Choose "VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image)" → Click Next.
  3. Storage type:
    • Choose "Dynamically allocated".
  4. Set disk size:
    • Recommended: 40 GB or more.
  5. Click Create.

4. Load Debian ISO in VirtualBox

  1. Select your Debian VM in VirtualBox.
  2. Click Settings → Storage.
  3. Under Controller: IDE, click Empty.
  4. Click Choose a disk → Select the Debian ISO file you downloaded.
  5. Click OK.

5. Start Debian Installation

  1. Click Start to boot the VM.
  2. Choose "Graphical Install" or "Install".

6. Select Language, Location, and Keyboard

  • Language: Choose your preferred language.
  • Location: Select your country.
  • Keyboard: Choose the layout (default: US).

7. Configure Network

  • If using bridged networking or NAT, it will auto-detect.
  • If using Wi-Fi, connect and enter your password.
  • Set a hostname (e.g., debian-vm).
  • Leave the domain name empty (or set one if needed).

8. Create User and Password

  • Set Root Password .
  • Create a new user:
    • Enter full name, username, and password.

9. Partition the Disk (Manual Method)

  1. Select "Manual" partitioning.

  2. Select the virtual hard disk.

  3. Delete any existing partitions (if any).

  4. Create the following partitions manually:

    (If disk size is 40 GB)

    🔹 Boot Partition (/boot)

    • Size: 4 GB
    • Type: Primary
    • Filesystem: ext4
    • Mount point: /boot

    🔹 Swap Partition

    • Size: 2 GB (or equal to RAM)
    • Type: Logical
    • Use as: Swap area

    🔹 Root Partition (/)

    • Size: Remaining size
    • Type: Primary
    • Filesystem: ext4
    • Mount point: /

10. Install the Base System

  • Wait while Debian installs the base system.

11. Select Software

  1. Select a desktop environment:
    • GNOME (default), KDE, XFCE, LXDE, Cinnamon, etc.
  2. Select "Standard system utilities".
  3. Choose "SSH Server" if you want remote access.
  4. Click Continue to install.

12. Install GRUB Bootloader

  • Select Yes to install GRUB.

13. Finish Installation & Reboot

🎉 Debian is now installed on VirtualBox!