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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>yao's blog</title>
<link href="https://yaodev.site/atom.xml" rel="self"/>
<link href="https://yaodev.site/"/>
<updated>2023-12-17T12:08:28.977Z</updated>
<id>https://yaodev.site/</id>
<author>
<name>pentonbin</name>
</author>
<generator uri="https://hexo.io/">Hexo</generator>
<entry>
<title>uleb128 编码</title>
<link href="https://yaodev.site/2023/12/16/uleb128%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81/"/>
<id>https://yaodev.site/2023/12/16/uleb128%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81/</id>
<published>2023-12-16T05:14:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2023-12-17T12:08:28.977Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="1-简介"><a href="#1-简介" class="headerlink" title="1. 简介"></a>1. 简介</h2><p>uleb128（无符号小端变长编码）是一种编码格式，主要用于表示无符号整数。它是一种变长编码，可以有效地表示较小的整数，同时也支持较大的整数。ULEB128是DWARF调试信息格式和WebAssembly二进制格式中使用的一种编码方式。<br>怎么理解uleb128是如何编码的</p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="2-编码方式"><a href="#2-编码方式" class="headerlink" title="2. 编码方式"></a>2. 编码方式</h2><p>uleb128编码的原理是将整数分成7位的分组，从低位到高位进行编码。每个分组会被编码为一个字节，字节的最高位（第8位）用于表示是否还有更多的字节需要解码。如果最高位为1，则表示后面的字节还有更多的数据；如果最高位为0，则表示这是最后一个字节。<br>这样，较小的整数可以用较少的字节表示，从而节省存储空间和传输带宽。<br>举例，假如现在有十六进制数据：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">80 80 01 60</span><br><span class="line">60 28 60 18</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>则这十六进制数据对应的二进制数据为：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">10000000 10000000 00000001 01100000</span><br><span class="line">01100000 00101000 01100000 00011000</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>由于uleb128 是可变长度的编码，所以需要一边解析直到读到结束标记位为止，每个分组的长度为一个字节，所以可以逐一字节解析：<br>第一个字节数据1000 0000（0x80），其最高位为 1，去掉最高位后为000 0000<br>第二个字节数据 1000 0000（0x80），其最高位为 1，去掉最高位后为000 0000<br>第三个字节数据 0000 0001（0x01），其最高位为 0，去掉最高位后为 000 0001<br>由于已经遇到最高位为 0 的字节，则第一个数据长度便是从第一个字节到第三个字节，总长度为三个字节，在小端模式下，这个数据便是去除高位后的七比特位进行拼接，拼接顺序是先第三个字节、第二个字节、第一个字节：000 0001 000 0000 000 0000，这个二进制表示的数据为：16384</p><p>现在继续进行解析，从第四个字节开始：<br>第四个字节数据 0110 0000（0x60），其最高位为 0，去掉最高位后为 110 0000<br>由于已经遇到最高位为 0 的字节，则第二个数据直接就是第四个字节所表示的数据，表示的数据为： 110 0000，这个二进制表示的数据为：96<br>参考上面的解析流程，则最后这 八个字节解析出来的数据为：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">16384 96 96 40 96 24</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="3-uleb128优势"><a href="#3-uleb128优势" class="headerlink" title="3. uleb128优势"></a>3. uleb128优势</h2><p>如果不使用可变长度的编码方式，而是固定长度的编码，则每个数据使用多少个字节取决于最大的那个数据，假如一组数据最大值为16384（0x4000），也就是需要两个字节，则</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">16384 96 96 40 96 24</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这一组数据所需要总共的字节数为 2 * 6 = 12 个字节，而使用 uleb128 所需要的总字节数为 8 个字节，相比于固定长度的编码，总共节省了 33.3% 。</p><h2 id="4-python-解析"><a href="#4-python-解析" class="headerlink" title="4. python 解析"></a>4. python 解析</h2><p>下面提供了从一个 byte数组解析成原来数据的代码：</p><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">_parse_uleb128</span>(<span class="params">self, data_bytes: <span class="built_in">bytes</span>, start_offset: <span class="built_in">int</span>, end_offset: <span class="built_in">int</span></span>) -> <span class="type">List</span>[<span class="built_in">int</span>]:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> 给出一个 byte 数组，解析从[start_offset, end_offset]范围内的数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> """</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">assert</span> <span class="number">0</span> <= start_offset < <span class="built_in">len</span>(data_bytes)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">assert</span> start_offset <= end_offset < <span class="built_in">len</span>(data_bytes)</span><br><span class="line"> uleb128_result = []</span><br><span class="line"> current_offset = start_offset</span><br><span class="line"> current_num = <span class="string">''</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span> current_offset < end_offset:</span><br><span class="line"> high_bit = (data_bytes[current_offset] & <span class="number">0x80</span>) >> <span class="number">7</span></span><br><span class="line"> seven_bit = data_bytes[current_offset] & <span class="number">0x7f</span></span><br><span class="line"> current_num = <span class="string">'{:07b}'</span>.<span class="built_in">format</span>(seven_bit) + current_num</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> high_bit == <span class="number">0</span>: <span class="comment"># 后续没有数据了</span></span><br><span class="line"> uleb128_result.append(<span class="built_in">int</span>(current_num, <span class="number">2</span>))</span><br><span class="line"> current_num = <span class="string">''</span> <span class="comment"># 清空数据</span></span><br><span class="line"> current_offset += <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="built_in">len</span>(current_num) > <span class="number">0</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> uleb128_result.append(<span class="built_in">int</span>(current_num, <span class="number">2</span>))</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> uleb128_result</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<summary type="html"><h2 id="1-简介"><a href="#1-简介" class="headerlink" title="1. 简介"></a>1. 简介</h2><p>uleb128（无符号小端变长编码）是一种编码格式，主要用于表示无符号整数。它是一种变长编码，可以有效地表示较小的整数，同时也支持较大的整数。ULEB128是DWARF调试信息格式和WebAssembly二进制格式中使用的一种编码方式。<br>怎么理解uleb128是如何编码的</p></summary>
<category term="Encoding" scheme="https://yaodev.site/categories/Encoding/"/>
<category term="Encoding" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/Encoding/"/>
<category term="uleb128" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/uleb128/"/>
<category term="iOS" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/iOS/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Javaer入门Dart</title>
<link href="https://yaodev.site/2018/12/09/Javaer%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8Dart/"/>
<id>https://yaodev.site/2018/12/09/Javaer%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8Dart/</id>
<published>2018-12-09T07:25:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2023-12-17T10:31:59.761Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>如果你是一名Java开发人员，可以通过 <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9jb2RlbGFicy5kZXZlbG9wZXJzLmdvb2dsZS5jb20vY29kZWxhYnMvZnJvbS1qYXZhLXRvLWRhcnQvaW5kZXguaHRtbCMw">codelabs<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span> 快速入门Dart。</p><h2 id="1-简介"><a href="#1-简介" class="headerlink" title="1. 简介"></a>1. 简介</h2><p>Dart是一门用于Flutter的编程语言，而Flutter是Google开发的移动应用SDK。 </p><p>阅读本文，你将学习到：</p><ul><li>如何编写构造方法</li><li>为对象赋值的多种方式</li><li>如何 & 何时创建getter和setter</li><li>如何处理访问权限</li><li>如何创建工厂模式</li><li>函数式编程</li><li>其他主要的概念</li></ul><p>此外，codelabs提供了 <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kYXJ0cGFkLmRhcnRsYW5nLm9yZy8=">DartPad<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span> 供大家编写Dart代码。</p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="2-创建一个简单的Dart类"><a href="#2-创建一个简单的Dart类" class="headerlink" title="2. 创建一个简单的Dart类"></a>2. 创建一个简单的Dart类</h2><p>我们以一个简单的<code>Bicycle</code>类来进行学习，<code>Bicycle</code>类包含一些私有的成员变量，以及对应的setter和getter。<br>我们尝试编写<code>Bicycle</code>类然后通过<code>main()</code>方法将<code>Bicycle</code>实例打印到控制台。</p><h3 id="2-1-启动DartPad"><a href="#2-1-启动DartPad" class="headerlink" title="2.1 启动DartPad"></a>2.1 启动DartPad</h3><p>现在可以打开 <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kYXJ0cGFkLmRhcnRsYW5nLm9yZy8=">DartPad<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span> ，一边编写Dart代码。</p><h3 id="2-2-定义Bicycle类"><a href="#2-2-定义Bicycle类" class="headerlink" title="2.2 定义Bicycle类"></a>2.2 定义Bicycle类</h3><p>在DartPad定义一个<code>Bicycle</code>类，其中包含三个成员变量：<code>cadence</code>、<code>speed</code>和<code>gear</code>。</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Bicycle {</span><br><span class="line"> int cadence;</span><br><span class="line"> int speed;</span><br><span class="line"> int gear;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">void main() {</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>在上面的代码中，我们定义了<code>Bicycle</code>类，以及一个<code>main()</code>方法，代码相对比较简单。其中有一些Dart和Java的区别需要留意：</p><table><thead><tr><th>区别</th><th>Dart</th><th>Java</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>main()</code>方法</td><td>1. 不带参数则定义为<code>void main()</code>，带参数定义为<code>void main(List<String> args)</code> <br>2. <strong>必须在最外层</strong>，位于类外部</td><td>1. 定义为<code>public static void main(String[] args)</code> <br>2. 位于类内部</td></tr><tr><td>方法、变量定义</td><td>能够位于类外</td><td>面向对象语言，所有变量、方法必须位于类内部</td></tr><tr><td>访问类型</td><td>不支持private、public、protected修饰词，全部类、成员变量和方法默认定义为public</td><td>通过修饰词private、public、protected修饰</td></tr><tr><td>类成员私有化</td><td>成员命名以下划线开始（下一节将学习到）</td><td>通过private修饰</td></tr><tr><td>缩进</td><td>默认使用两个空格</td><td>默认使用四个空格</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="2-3-定义构造方法"><a href="#2-3-定义构造方法" class="headerlink" title="2.3 定义构造方法"></a>2.3 定义构造方法</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Bicycle(this.cadence, this.speed, this.gear);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>上面代码便是Dart的构造方法，初次阅读会觉得比较奇怪，但是在Dart：</p><ol><li>构造方法没有函数体是<strong>允许</strong>的！</li><li>如果没函数体的构造方法行末尾漏了分号<code>;</code>，DartPad会提示：<code>A function body must be provided.</code></li><li>在构造方法的参数列表中使用this，是Dart为实例变量赋值的一种快捷方式。也即是等同于以下代码，大家记住可以这么用就可以了。 <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Bicycle(int cadence, int speed, int gear) {</span><br><span class="line"> this.cadence = cadence;</span><br><span class="line"> this.speed = speed;</span><br><span class="line"> this.gear = gear;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h3 id="2-4-实例化并打印"><a href="#2-4-实例化并打印" class="headerlink" title="2.4 实例化并打印"></a>2.4 实例化并打印</h3><p>在我们的<code>main()</code>方法中添加实例化的代码：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">void main() {</span><br><span class="line"> var bike1 = new Bicycle(2, 1, 0); // ①</span><br><span class="line"> Bicycle bike2 = new Bicycle(2, 0, 1); // ②</span><br><span class="line"> var bike3 = Bicycle(2, 0, 1); // ③</span><br><span class="line"> final bike4 = Bicycle(2, 0, 1); // ④</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> print(bike1)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>以上四种实例化方式都是允许的，其中：第二种方式指明类型会加快编译速度，第一种并没有指明类型；在Dart 2之后new可以省略（也就是第三种方式）；如果明确<code>bike4</code>是不变的则可以使用final代替var（第四种方式）。<br><code>print()</code>就如同Java中的<code>System.out.print()</code>，这里打印结果是<code>Instance of 'Bicycle'</code>，如果想要打印具体的信息，需要重写<code>toString()</code>方法（思想与Java一致）：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@override</span><br><span class="line">String toString() => 'Bicycle: $speed mph';</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这里的重写代码也是有点独特：</p><ol><li><code>@overrid</code>同Java一致，表明这是重写类方法，Java中字母o是大写</li><li>字符串支持单引号或双引号进行表示</li><li>如果要在字符串中插入表达式，则可以使用 <code>${表达式}</code>，如果是插入成员变量值，可以直接使用 <code>$成员变量</code></li><li>上面包含了一个<code>=></code>，该符号表示，<strong>当方法的实现只有一行代码的时候可以使用<code>=></code>简写</strong>。</li></ol><h3 id="2-5-添加只读成员变量"><a href="#2-5-添加只读成员变量" class="headerlink" title="2.5 添加只读成员变量"></a>2.5 添加只读成员变量</h3><p>并不是所有类成员变量都是对外开放的，有时可能会需要一些私有的成员变量，例如将<code>Bicycle</code>的<code>speed</code>属性定义为私有的，在Java的实现方式便是：</p><ol><li>将speed成员变量使用private修饰；</li><li>提供speed的getter方法；</li></ol><p>而Dart并没有访问修饰词（默认都是public），那如何表示私有化呢？答案是<strong>命名使用下划线</strong>，如下：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">int _speed = 0;</span><br><span class="line">## getter</span><br><span class="line">int get speed => _speed;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>注意：</p><ol><li>未初始化的成员变量默认值都为<code>null</code>，即使是表示数值的变量</li><li>Dart编译器会把以下划线开头的成员变量认定为私有private</li><li>默认地，Dart为所有public的成员变量隐式提供了对应的setter和getter方法，我们不需要特地去编写对应的setter和getter，除非将变量强制为只读 or 只写，或者在getter or setter中添加额外的操作等。</li><li>因为默认成员变量为public，例如<code>Bicycle</code>类的<code>cadence</code>和<code>gear</code>，所以直接通过<code>bike.cadence</code>和<code>bike.gear</code>进行访问</li></ol><p>最后，将speed定义为私有后的<code>Bicycle</code>类：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Bicycle {</span><br><span class="line"> int cadence;</span><br><span class="line"> int _speed = 0;</span><br><span class="line"> int get speed => _speed;</span><br><span class="line"> int gear;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> // 构造方法</span><br><span class="line"> Bicycle(this.cadence, this.gear);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> // 刹车</span><br><span class="line"> void applyBrake(int decrement) {</span><br><span class="line"> _speed -= decrement;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> // 加速</span><br><span class="line"> void speedUp(int increment) {</span><br><span class="line"> _speed += increment;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> @override</span><br><span class="line"> String toString() => 'Bicycle: $_speed mph';</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">void main() {</span><br><span class="line"> var bike = Bicycle(2, 1);</span><br><span class="line"> print(bike);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="3-可选命名参数（替代重载）"><a href="#3-可选命名参数（替代重载）" class="headerlink" title="3. 可选命名参数（替代重载）"></a>3. 可选命名参数（替代重载）</h2><p>在Java中，经常会重载方法：也就是编写具有相同函数名，但参数列表不同的多个方法。而Dart<strong>不允许重载</strong>，并通过可选命名参数代替了重载。<br>现在定义一个矩形类<code>Rectangle</code>，包含三个成员变量：<code>origin</code>、<code>width</code>和<code>height</code>：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Rectangle {</span><br><span class="line"> Point origin;</span><br><span class="line"> int width;</span><br><span class="line"> int height;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>如何通过可选命名参数来代替重载，我们以构造方法为例：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Rectangle({this.origin = const Point(0, 0), this.width = 0, this.height = 0});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>注意可选命名参数必须包含在花括号中<code>{ }</code>，且指定的默认值必须是编译期常量（也就是编译期便可确定值）。又例如：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// 其中x、y为可选命名参数，r不是</span><br><span class="line">void move(int r, {int x = 10, int y = 20}) {</span><br><span class="line"> this.width += x；</span><br><span class="line"> this.height += y;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>使用可选命名参数的方法，在调用时<strong>可选命名参数必须指明赋值的局部变量</strong>，而非可选命名参数则不需要：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">void main() {</span><br><span class="line"> // origin是可选命名参数，为其赋值必须在前面指明: origin</span><br><span class="line"> // width和height同理</span><br><span class="line"> print(Rectangle(origin: const Point(10, 20), width: 100, height: 200));</span><br><span class="line"> print(Rectangle(origin: const Point(10, 10)));</span><br><span class="line"> print(Rectangle(width: 200));</span><br><span class="line"> print(Rectangle());</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="4-创建工厂模式"><a href="#4-创建工厂模式" class="headerlink" title="4. 创建工厂模式"></a>4. 创建工厂模式</h2><p>这一小节将介绍两种创建Shape的工厂，先介绍一下Shape类：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import 'dart:math';</span><br><span class="line">// 抽象类</span><br><span class="line">abstract class Shape {</span><br><span class="line"> // num表示数据类型是数值，可以为int、float或short等</span><br><span class="line"> // 定义一个获取面积的getter方法</span><br><span class="line"> num get area;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 圆</span><br><span class="line">class Circle implements Shape {</span><br><span class="line"> final num radius;</span><br><span class="line"> Circle(this.radius);</span><br><span class="line"> num get area => pi * pow(radius, 2);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 正方形</span><br><span class="line">class Square implements Shape {</span><br><span class="line"> final num side;</span><br><span class="line"> Square(this.side);</span><br><span class="line"> num get area => pow(side, 2);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">main() {</span><br><span class="line"> final circle = Circle(2);</span><br><span class="line"> final square = Square(2);</span><br><span class="line"> print(circle.area);</span><br><span class="line"> print(square.area);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>上面的代码中：</p><ul><li>Dart支持抽象类（abstract）</li><li>在同一个文件中能够定义多个class</li><li>Dart的核心库包括了：<code>dart.math</code>、<code>dart:core</code>、<code>dart:async</code>、<code>dart:convert</code>和<code>dart:collection</code></li><li>在Dart 1.x版本常量均为大写（例如PI），在Dart 2都改为小写（例如pi）</li></ul><p>接下来介绍一下创建工厂模式两种方式。</p><h3 id="4-1-顶层方法"><a href="#4-1-顶层方法" class="headerlink" title="4.1 顶层方法"></a>4.1 顶层方法</h3><p>在<strong>所有类的外部</strong>创建一个工厂方法：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Shape shapeFactory(String type) {</span><br><span class="line"> if (type == 'circle') return Circle(2);</span><br><span class="line"> if (type == 'square') return Square(2);</span><br><span class="line"> // 如果参数type不是'circle'或'square'将会抛出异常</span><br><span class="line"> // 如果想在字符串中添加单引号，可以使用反斜杠\，或整个字符串使用双引号表示</span><br><span class="line"> throw 'Can\'t create $type.'; }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 前面的main方法就可以改写为：</span><br><span class="line">main() {</span><br><span class="line"> final circle = shapeFactory('circle');</span><br><span class="line"> final square = shapeFactory('square');</span><br><span class="line"> print(circle.area);</span><br><span class="line"> print(square.area);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>说明一下：</p><ol><li>Dart同Java一样能够抛出异常，也定义了很多常用的异常类，我们能够继承、使用这些常用的异常类。</li><li>Dart支持通过throw一个字符串表示遇到的异常信息：<code>throw 'Occurred NPE'</code></li><li>Dart同样使用try/catch来进行异常的捕获： <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">try {</span><br><span class="line"> // exception occurred</span><br><span class="line">} catch(err) {</span><br><span class="line"> print(err);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h3 id="4-2-工厂构造器"><a href="#4-2-工厂构造器" class="headerlink" title="4.2 工厂构造器"></a>4.2 工厂构造器</h3><p>Dart提供了<code>factory</code>关键字用于创建工厂构造器。下面在<code>Shape</code>的抽象类中添加一个工厂构造器：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">abstract class Shape {</span><br><span class="line"> factory Shape(String type) {</span><br><span class="line"> if (type == 'circle') return Circle(2);</span><br><span class="line"> if (type == 'square') return Square(2);</span><br><span class="line"> throw 'Can\'t create $type.';</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> num get area;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">main() {</span><br><span class="line"> // 调用工厂构造器，通过创建Shape对象即可</span><br><span class="line"> final circle = Shape('circle');</span><br><span class="line"> final square = Shape('square');</span><br><span class="line"> print(circle.area);</span><br><span class="line"> print(square.area);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="5-实现接口"><a href="#5-实现接口" class="headerlink" title="5. 实现接口"></a>5. 实现接口</h2><p>Dart同样也有接口的思想，但Dart并没有<code>interface</code>的关键字，因为<strong>每个类都被定义为接口</strong>，也就是一个类，既能被当成父类进行继承extends，也能当做接口进行实现implements：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class A {</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 此时A作为父类被继承</span><br><span class="line">class B extends A {</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 此时A作为接口被实现</span><br><span class="line">class C implements A {</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>我们定义一个<code>CircleMock</code>实现我们上面的<code>Circle</code>类：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Circle implements Shape {</span><br><span class="line"> final num radius;</span><br><span class="line"> Circle(this.radius);</span><br><span class="line"> num get area => pi * pow(radius, 2);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class CircleMock implements Circle {}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>此时DartPad会提示编译错误：<code>Error: The non-abstract class 'CircleSub' is missing implementations for these members: 'radius', 'area'.</code>，编译出错可以这么理解：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// Circle被作为了接口实现</span><br><span class="line">class Circle implements Shape {</span><br><span class="line"> // num radius、num get area被视为接口中的方法，需要被实现</span><br><span class="line"> final num radius;</span><br><span class="line"> num get area => pi * pow(radius, 2);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class CircleMock implements Circle {</span><br><span class="line"> // 可以通过定义相关的成员变量，编译器也不会报错（这里有点莫名其妙啊）</span><br><span class="line"> num area;</span><br><span class="line"> num radius;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="6-函数式编程"><a href="#6-函数式编程" class="headerlink" title="6. 函数式编程"></a>6. 函数式编程</h2><p>在函数式编程中，可以把方法作为为参数、将方法赋值给变量、支持lambda表达式。<br>Dart支持函数式编程，所以也支持以上提到的特点，此外，Dart中<strong>方法也是一个对象，且具有对应的类型Function</strong>，因此Dart中可以将方法赋值给变量或传递给参数。</p><h3 id="6-1-类实例作为方法调用"><a href="#6-1-类实例作为方法调用" class="headerlink" title="6.1 类实例作为方法调用"></a>6.1 类实例作为方法调用</h3><p>Dart还可以将类实例作为方法一样调用（但该类必须包含<code>call()</code>方法），例如：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class WannabeFunction {</span><br><span class="line"> // call方法返回值为void，省略了void</span><br><span class="line"> call(String a, String b, String c) => '$a $b $c!';</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">main() {</span><br><span class="line"> var wf = new WannabeFunction();</span><br><span class="line"> // 将WannabeFunction类的实例wf作为方法一样调用，此时调用的是WannabeFunction类中的call方法</span><br><span class="line"> var out = wf("Hi","there,","gang");</span><br><span class="line"> print('$out');</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="6-2-命令式代码（非功能性）"><a href="#6-2-命令式代码（非功能性）" class="headerlink" title="6.2 命令式代码（非功能性）"></a>6.2 命令式代码（非功能性）</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">String scream(int length) => "A${'a' * length}h!";</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">main() {</span><br><span class="line"> final values = [1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 50];</span><br><span class="line"> for (var length in values) {</span><br><span class="line"> print(scream(length));</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>打印的结果是：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Aah!</span><br><span class="line">Aaah!</span><br><span class="line">Aaaah!</span><br><span class="line">Aaaaaah!</span><br><span class="line">Aaaaaaaaaaah!</span><br><span class="line">Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaah!</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>上面使用了字符串插值器<code>A${'a' * length}h!</code>，表示将<code>a</code>字母重复<code>length</code>次。</p><h3 id="6-3-将命令式代码转化为功能性代码"><a href="#6-3-将命令式代码转化为功能性代码" class="headerlink" title="6.3 将命令式代码转化为功能性代码"></a>6.3 将命令式代码转化为功能性代码</h3><p>我们将上面的代码的<code>for(){ }</code>循环使用方法链的形式进行替换：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">String scream(int length) => "A${'a' * length}h!";</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">main() {</span><br><span class="line"> final values = [1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 50];</span><br><span class="line"> // for (var length in values) {</span><br><span class="line"> // print(scream(length));</span><br><span class="line"> // }</span><br><span class="line"> values.map(scream).forEach(print); // 下面解释该行代码</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>上面的代码挺难理解的，可以这么理解：</p><ol><li><code>map</code>可以理解为一个迭代器，<code>values.map()</code>便是对<code>values</code>中的数值进行迭代，迭代所做的操作就交由<code>map()</code>方法的参数，这里传入的就是<code>scream</code>，也就是<code>scream()</code>方法，用Java代码表示便是： <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// for相当于map，进行迭代</span><br><span class="line">for (int val : values) {</span><br><span class="line"> // map()的参数便是对迭代进行的操作</span><br><span class="line"> // 这里便是调用scream()方法，因为函数式编程中方法可以作为参数进行传递</span><br><span class="line"> scream(val);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><code>forEach()</code>可以理解为对处理结果进行的最后操作，例如打印（传入<code>print</code>方法）。<code>forEach()</code>这个在Java 8也已支持。</li><li>综上，<code>values.map(scream).forEach(print);</code>这行代码意思便是，对<code>values</code>进行遍历，对其中每一个值进行<code>scream()</code>处理，然后调用<code>print()</code>进行处理后的最后操作。</li></ol><h3 id="6-4-集合的新功能点"><a href="#6-4-集合的新功能点" class="headerlink" title="6.4 集合的新功能点"></a>6.4 集合的新功能点</h3><p>Dart在<code>dart:collection</code>库中还包含了一些迭代的新功能点，例如<code>fold</code>、<code>where</code>、<code>join</code>和<code>skip</code>等：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// values.map(scream).forEach(print);</span><br><span class="line">values.skip(1).take(3).map(scream).forEach(print);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>打印的结果：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Aaah!</span><br><span class="line">Aaaah!</span><br><span class="line">Aaaaaah!</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>其中：</p><ul><li><code>skip(1)</code>表示遍历<code>values</code>时跳过第一个</li><li><code>take(3)</code>表示遍历时，获取接下来的三个值，剩下的值忽略掉</li><li><code>map()</code>和<code>forEach()</code>如上面解释，进行遍历和处理</li></ul><h2 id="7-写在最后"><a href="#7-写在最后" class="headerlink" title="7. 写在最后"></a>7. 写在最后</h2><p>以上是关于Java和Dart的一些区别，只要会Java上手Dart应该还是比较简单的。但上面也只讲了一小部分内容，尚未包括异步/同步、方法级联、Null操作。<br>当然，笔者个人觉得，并不需要要完全学习完Dart才能上手Flutter，学习一下基本的Dart，在Flutter中一边摸索中一边学习Dart应该是最合适的。<br>codelabs上面还提供了一些学习的链接：<br>文章：</p><ul><li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9oYWNrZXJub29uLmNvbS93aHktZmx1dHRlci11c2VzLWRhcnQtZGQ2MzVhMDU0ZWJm">Why Flutter Uses Dart<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li><li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpdW0uY29tL2RhcnRsYW5nL2Fubm91bmNpbmctZGFydC0yLTgwYmEwMWY0M2I2">Announcing Dart 2: Optimized for Client-Side Development<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li><li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9oYWNrZXJub29uLmNvbS93aHktaS1tb3ZlZC1mcm9tLWphdmEtdG8tZGFydC04ZjM4MDJiMWQ2NTI=">Why I moved from Java to Dart<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li></ul><p>资源：</p><ul><li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZGFydGxhbmcub3JnL2d1aWRlcy9sYW5ndWFnZS9sYW5ndWFnZS10b3Vy">A Tour of the Dart Language<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li><li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZGFydGxhbmcub3JnL2d1aWRlcy9saWJyYXJpZXMvbGlicmFyeS10b3Vy">A Tour of the Dart Libraries<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li><li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZGFydGxhbmcub3JnL2d1aWRlcy9sYW5ndWFnZS9lZmZlY3RpdmUtZGFydA==">Effective Dart<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li></ul><p>网页：</p><ul><li>Dart Language: <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZGFydGxhbmcub3JnLw==">www.dartlang.org<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li><li>Dart for the web, including AngularDart: <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93ZWJkZXYuZGFydGxhbmcub3JnLw==">webdev.dartlang.org<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li><li>Flutter mobile app SDK: <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9mbHV0dGVyLmlvLw==">flutter.io<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html"><p>如果你是一名Java开发人员，可以通过 <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9jb2RlbGFicy5kZXZlbG9wZXJzLmdvb2dsZS5jb20vY29kZWxhYnMvZnJvbS1qYXZhLXRvLWRhcnQvaW5kZXguaHRtbCMw">codelabs<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span> 快速入门Dart。</p>
<h2 id="1-简介"><a href="#1-简介" class="headerlink" title="1. 简介"></a>1. 简介</h2><p>Dart是一门用于Flutter的编程语言，而Flutter是Google开发的移动应用SDK。 </p>
<p>阅读本文，你将学习到：</p>
<ul>
<li>如何编写构造方法</li>
<li>为对象赋值的多种方式</li>
<li>如何 &amp; 何时创建getter和setter</li>
<li>如何处理访问权限</li>
<li>如何创建工厂模式</li>
<li>函数式编程</li>
<li>其他主要的概念</li>
</ul>
<p>此外，codelabs提供了 <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kYXJ0cGFkLmRhcnRsYW5nLm9yZy8=">DartPad<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span> 供大家编写Dart代码。</p></summary>
<category term="Dart" scheme="https://yaodev.site/categories/Dart/"/>
<category term="Dart" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/Dart/"/>
<category term="Flutter" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/Flutter/"/>
<category term="Android" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/Android/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Ubuntu16.04安装VMWare Workstation</title>
<link href="https://yaodev.site/2018/03/07/Ubuntu16.04%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85VMWare%20Workstation/"/>
<id>https://yaodev.site/2018/03/07/Ubuntu16.04%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85VMWare%20Workstation/</id>
<published>2018-03-07T08:02:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2023-12-17T03:42:25.707Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="一、安装过程"><a href="#一、安装过程" class="headerlink" title="一、安装过程"></a>一、安装过程</h2><h3 id="1-安装开发工具"><a href="#1-安装开发工具" class="headerlink" title="1. 安装开发工具"></a>1. 安装开发工具</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo apt install build-essential</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="2-下载"><a href="#2-下载" class="headerlink" title="2. 下载"></a>2. 下载</h3><p>从VMWare的官网<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL3d3dy52bXdhcmUuY29tL2dvL3RyeXdvcmtzdGF0aW9uLWxpbnV4LTY0">http://www.vmware.com/go/tryworkstation-linux-64<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span> 下载，文件类型是<code>.bundle</code>。<br>此时下载的版本是Vmware Workstation 14。</p><span id="more"></span><h3 id="3-安装VMWare"><a href="#3-安装VMWare" class="headerlink" title="3. 安装VMWare"></a>3. 安装VMWare</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">chmod</span> a+x VMware-Workstation-Full-14.1.1-7528167.x86_64.bundle</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo ./VMware-Workstation-Full-14.1.1-7528167.x86_64.bundle</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>执行后会出现VMWare的安装窗口，需要同意协议、选择是否在启动时检查更新等操作，最后安装完成。</p><h3 id="4-启动VMWare"><a href="#4-启动VMWare" class="headerlink" title="4. 启动VMWare"></a>4. 启动VMWare</h3><p>在终端启动，或者在菜单启动</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">vmware</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="5-激活密钥"><a href="#5-激活密钥" class="headerlink" title="5. 激活密钥"></a>5. 激活密钥</h3><p>网上找的VMware workstation 14永久激活密钥：</p><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">CG54H-D8D0H-H8DHY-C6X7X-N2KG6</span><br><span class="line">ZC3WK-AFXEK-488JP-A7MQX-XL8YF</span><br><span class="line">AC5XK-0ZD4H-088HP-9NQZV-ZG2R4</span><br><span class="line">ZC5XK-A6E0M-080XQ-04ZZG-YF08D</span><br><span class="line">ZY5H0-D3Y8K-M89EZ-AYPEG-MYUA8</span><br><span class="line">FF590-2DX83-M81LZ-XDM7E-MKUT4</span><br><span class="line">FF31K-AHZD1-H8ETZ-8WWEZ-WUUVA</span><br><span class="line">CV7T2-6WY5Q-48EWP-ZXY7X-QGUWD</span><br><span class="line">AALYG-20HVE-WHQ13-67MUP-XVMF3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="6-卸载VMWare"><a href="#6-卸载VMWare" class="headerlink" title="6. 卸载VMWare"></a>6. 卸载VMWare</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo vmware-installer --uninstall-product vmware-workstation</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><hr><h2 id="二、解决could-not-open-dev-vmmon-no-such-file-or-directory问题"><a href="#二、解决could-not-open-dev-vmmon-no-such-file-or-directory问题" class="headerlink" title="二、解决could not open /dev/vmmon no such file or directory问题"></a>二、解决could not open /dev/vmmon no such file or directory问题</h2><h3 id="1-方法1"><a href="#1-方法1" class="headerlink" title="1. 方法1"></a>1. 方法1</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /tmp</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">tar -xzvf /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/vmmon.tar</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">cd</span> vmmon-only/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">make</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo <span class="built_in">cp</span> vmmon.ko /lib/modules/4.4.0-116-generic/misc/vmmon.ko</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo modprobe vmmon</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>如果执行tar解压时候出现：</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gzip: stdin: not in gzip format</span><br><span class="line">tar: Child returned status 1</span><br><span class="line">tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>则将上面<code>tar -xzvf /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/vmmon.tar</code>命令改为：<code>tar xvf /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/vmmon.tar</code></p><p>执行完上面的步骤之后，启动虚拟机，看是否解决了问题。</p><p><strong>参考：</strong><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9jb21tdW5pdGllcy52bXdhcmUuY29tL21lc3NhZ2UvMjQ0Mjc4Mw==">https://communities.vmware.com/message/2442783<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></p><h3 id="2-方法2"><a href="#2-方法2" class="headerlink" title="2. 方法2"></a>2. 方法2</h3><p>可能出现的原因和gcc版本有关，所以查看自己gcc的版本：</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">gcc --version</span></span><br><span class="line">gcc (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.9) 5.4.0 20160609</span><br><span class="line">Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</span><br><span class="line">This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO</span><br><span class="line">warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>如果gcc版本太低，例如4.5（4.6及以上应该没问题），则安装新版本的gcc，例如：</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo apt install gcc-5</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo <span class="built_in">rm</span> /usr/bin/gcc</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo <span class="built_in">ln</span> -s /usr/bin/gcc-5 /usr/bin/gcc</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>确认更新gcc版本之后，执行：</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo vmware-modconfig --console --install-all</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>如果最后出现以下结果则表示成功。</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Starting VMware services:</span><br><span class="line"> Virtual machine monitor done</span><br><span class="line"> Virtual machine communication interface done</span><br><span class="line"> VM communication interface socket family done</span><br><span class="line"> Blocking file system done</span><br><span class="line"> Virtual ethernet done</span><br><span class="line"> VMware Authentication Daemon done</span><br><span class="line"> Shared Memory Available done</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>如果最后执行结果中出现了如下的failed，则<strong>关闭BIOS中的secure boot</strong>，然后再执行：<code>sudo vmware-modconfig --console --install-all</code></p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Starting VMware services:</span><br><span class="line"> Virtual machine monitor failed</span><br><span class="line"> Virtual machine communication interface done</span><br><span class="line"> VM communication interface socket family done</span><br><span class="line"> Blocking file system done</span><br><span class="line"> Virtual ethernet failed</span><br><span class="line"> VMware Authentication Daemon done</span><br><span class="line"> Shared Memory Available done</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><strong>参考：</strong><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9jb21tdW5pdGllcy52bXdhcmUuY29tL21lc3NhZ2UvMjYxMTUxNyMyNjExNTE3">https://communities.vmware.com/message/2611517#2611517<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></p>]]></content>
<summary type="html"><h2 id="一、安装过程"><a href="#一、安装过程" class="headerlink" title="一、安装过程"></a>一、安装过程</h2><h3 id="1-安装开发工具"><a href="#1-安装开发工具" class="headerlink" title="1. 安装开发工具"></a>1. 安装开发工具</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo apt install build-essential</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-下载"><a href="#2-下载" class="headerlink" title="2. 下载"></a>2. 下载</h3><p>从VMWare的官网<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL3d3dy52bXdhcmUuY29tL2dvL3RyeXdvcmtzdGF0aW9uLWxpbnV4LTY0">http://www.vmware.com/go/tryworkstation-linux-64<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span> 下载，文件类型是<code>.bundle</code>。<br>此时下载的版本是Vmware Workstation 14。</p></summary>
<category term="Ubuntu" scheme="https://yaodev.site/categories/Ubuntu/"/>
<category term="Ubuntu" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/Ubuntu/"/>
<category term="VMWare Workstation" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/VMWare-Workstation/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Ubuntu搭载Android开发环境（无需翻墙）</title>
<link href="https://yaodev.site/2017/11/27/Ubuntu%E6%90%AD%E8%BD%BDAndroid%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%EF%BC%88%E6%97%A0%E9%9C%80%E7%BF%BB%E5%A2%99%EF%BC%89/"/>
<id>https://yaodev.site/2017/11/27/Ubuntu%E6%90%AD%E8%BD%BDAndroid%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%EF%BC%88%E6%97%A0%E9%9C%80%E7%BF%BB%E5%A2%99%EF%BC%89/</id>
<published>2017-11-27T11:27:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2023-12-17T12:08:16.016Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="一、相关下载的地址"><a href="#一、相关下载的地址" class="headerlink" title="一、相关下载的地址"></a>一、相关下载的地址</h2><ol><li>sdk下载</li></ol><ul><li>郑州大学：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9taXJyb3JzLnp6dS5lZHUuY24vYW5kcm9pZC9yZXBvc2l0b3J5Lw==">https://mirrors.zzu.edu.cn/android/repository/<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li><li>大连东软信息学院：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL21pcnJvcnMubmV1c29mdC5lZHUuY24vYW5kcm9pZC9yZXBvc2l0b3J5Lw==">http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/android/repository/<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li></ul><ol start="2"><li>Android studio</li></ol><ul><li>Android Studio 中文社区(官网)：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL3d3dy5hbmRyb2lkLXN0dWRpby5vcmcv">http://www.android-studio.org/<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li></ul><span id="more"></span><hr><h2 id="二、下载SDK相关包"><a href="#二、下载SDK相关包" class="headerlink" title="二、下载SDK相关包"></a>二、下载SDK相关包</h2><p>新建SDK目录，SDK的目录下面用<code>$SDK</code>表示：</p><ol><li>在<code>$SDK</code>下新建**<code>build-tools</code>、<code>tools</code>、<code>platform-tools</code>、<code>platforms</code>**四个文件夹。</li><li>下载**<code>build-tools</code>**</li></ol><ul><li>找到对应的平台，例如linux、macosx、windows等</li><li>解压下载的zip包，解压后得到<code>android-6.0</code>或<code>23.0.1</code>，<strong>放到<code>$SDK/build-tools/</code>目录下</strong></li></ul><ol start="3"><li>下载**<code>sdk tools</code>**</li></ol><ul><li>找到对应的平台，例如linux、macosx、windows等</li><li>解压下载的zip包，解压后得到<code>tools</code>，<strong>直接放到<code>$SDK/</code>目录下</strong></li></ul><ol start="4"><li>下载**<code>platform-tools</code>**</li></ol><ul><li>找到对应的平台，例如linux、macosx、windows等</li><li>解压下载的zip包，解压后得到<code>platform-tools</code>，<strong>直接放到<code>$SDK/</code>目录下</strong></li></ul><ol start="5"><li>下载**<code>sdk</code>**</li></ol><ul><li>找到对应API的zip包，例如<code>android-23_r02.zip</code>（23_r03之前名字）或<code>platform-23_r03.zip</code>（23_r03及之后的名字），不分平台</li><li>解压下载的zip包，解压后得到<code>android-6.0</code>，<strong>放到<code>$SDK/platforms/</code>目录下</strong></li></ul><hr><h2 id="三、安装Android-Studio"><a href="#三、安装Android-Studio" class="headerlink" title="三、安装Android Studio"></a>三、安装Android Studio</h2><ol><li>解压Android Studio的压缩包，Studio的目录下面用<code>$STUDIO</code>表示</li><li>cd到<code>$STUDIO/bin</code>目录，通过<code>./studio.sh</code>启动Studio</li></ol><ul><li>如果启动Studio的时出现<code>Unable to access android sdk add-on list</code>的问题，在<code>$STUDIO/bin/idea.properties</code>文件末尾添加：<code>disable.android.first.run=true</code>即可。</li></ul><ol start="3"><li>进入Studio。</li></ol><hr><h2 id="四、其他问题"><a href="#四、其他问题" class="headerlink" title="四、其他问题"></a>四、其他问题</h2><p>说明：Studio的log文件在用户目录下<code>$HOME/.AndroidStudio2.3/system/log</code>中，其中目录可能因为Studio的版本不同而名字不同，例如<code>.AndroidStudioPreview3.1</code>。有问题均可查看该日志文件。</p><ol><li><code>Error:Failed to find target with hash string 'android-26' in $SDK</code>的问题<br> 这个问题很可能是因为<code>compileSdkVersion</code>设置为26，也就是<code>platforms</code>目录下缺少Android8.0（API 26）。下载API 26并解压到<code>platforms</code>目录下即可。</li><li><code>Error:Failed to find Build Tools revision 27.0.1</code><br> 缺少build-tools 27.0.1的版本，下载对应的zip包，解压到<code>build-tools</code>即可</li></ol>]]></content>
<summary type="html"><h2 id="一、相关下载的地址"><a href="#一、相关下载的地址" class="headerlink" title="一、相关下载的地址"></a>一、相关下载的地址</h2><ol>
<li>sdk下载</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>郑州大学：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9taXJyb3JzLnp6dS5lZHUuY24vYW5kcm9pZC9yZXBvc2l0b3J5Lw==">https://mirrors.zzu.edu.cn/android/repository/<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li>
<li>大连东软信息学院：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL21pcnJvcnMubmV1c29mdC5lZHUuY24vYW5kcm9pZC9yZXBvc2l0b3J5Lw==">http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/android/repository/<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li>Android studio</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Android Studio 中文社区(官网)：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cDovL3d3dy5hbmRyb2lkLXN0dWRpby5vcmcv">http://www.android-studio.org/<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li>
</ul></summary>
<category term="Ubuntu" scheme="https://yaodev.site/categories/Ubuntu/"/>
<category term="Android" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/Android/"/>
<category term="Ubuntu" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/Ubuntu/"/>
<category term="开发环境" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>wine安装最新版QQ</title>
<link href="https://yaodev.site/2017/11/26/wine%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E7%89%88QQ/"/>
<id>https://yaodev.site/2017/11/26/wine%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E7%89%88QQ/</id>
<published>2017-11-26T11:27:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2023-12-17T12:08:40.307Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p><strong>注意：无需继续使用该方法在 Linux 上安装 QQ 了，官方已经正式支持 LinuxQQ：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9pbS5xcS5jb20vbGludXhxcS9pbmRleC5zaHRtbA==">QQ Linux版下载<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></strong></p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="1-安装wine"><a href="#1-安装wine" class="headerlink" title="1. 安装wine"></a>1. 安装wine</h2><p>本次教程只需要安装最新版本的wine，并不需要<code>winetricks</code>、<code>wine-mono</code>、<code>wine-gecko</code>等其他插件，目前经实际测试发现只运行WineQQ可以不需要<code>wine-mono</code>、<code>wine-gecko</code>、<code>W2KSP4.exe</code>、<code>InstMsiW.exe</code>等。</p><p>安装wine步骤如下：</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">wget https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/Release.key</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo apt-key add Release.key</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo apt-add-repository https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo apt-get update</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">sudo apt-get install --install-recommends winehq-stable</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>至此wine安装完成，可以通过<code>wine --version</code>查看版本号（此时安装的是wine2.0.3）。</p><p>接下来需要执行<code>winecfg</code>来配置wine，接着会弹出安装<code>wine-mono</code>和<code>wine-gecko</code>的窗口，可以不用安装，关掉即可。</p><hr><h2 id="2-配置wine"><a href="#2-配置wine" class="headerlink" title="2. 配置wine"></a>2. 配置wine</h2><ol><li>执行<code>winecfg</code>打开wine的配置窗口</li><li>点击<code>Libraries</code><br><br> <img src="/images/wine%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E7%89%88QQ/winecfg%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.png" alt="winecfg配置"></li><li>在<code>New override for library</code>中分别输入<code>*ntoskrnl.exe</code>、<code>*riched20</code>、<code>*txplatform.exe</code>，然后回车（名字前的<code>*</code>号可以省略）。</li><li>在<code>Existing_overrides</code>新出现的<code>*ntoskrnl.exe</code>和<code>*txplatform.exe</code>，分别点击<code>Edit</code>，均选择<code>Disable</code>；<code>*riched20</code>点击<code>Edit</code>，选择<code>native then builtin</code></li></ol><ul><li>如果不配置riched20的话则安装好QQ后无法输入用户名</li><li>不停用txplatform.exe则WineQQ无法完整退出，导致关掉重开后提示QQ文件被占用</li><li>禁用ntoskrnl.exe是为了规避可能出现QQ无法启动的bug。</li></ul><hr><h2 id="3-解决乱码问题"><a href="#3-解决乱码问题" class="headerlink" title="3. 解决乱码问题"></a>3. 解决乱码问题</h2><ol><li>初始配置<br> 运行<code>winecfg</code>，在<code>Applications</code>标签下把模拟的windows系统设置为windows xp</li><li>准备字体<br> 把Windows目录下的字体<code>simsun.ttc</code>复制到<code>/usr/share/fonts/windows</code>里面</li><li>在<code>~/.wine/drive_c/windows/Fonts</code>目录中创建两个符号链接： <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">ln</span> -s /usr/share/fonts/windows/simsun.ttc simsun.ttc</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">ln</span> -s /usr/share/fonts/windows/simsun.ttc simfang.ttc</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li>修改<code>~/.wine/system.reg</code></li></ol><ul><li>查找<code>LogPixels</code>，找到的行内容应该是：<code>[System\\CurrentControlSet\\Hardware Profiles\\Current\\Software\\Fonts]</code><br> 将其中的<code>"LogPixels"=dword:00000060</code>改为：<code>"LogPixels"=dword:00000070</code></li><li>查找<code>FontSubstitutes</code>，找到的行应该是：<code>[Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\FontSubstitutes]</code><br> 将其中的：<code>"MS Shell Dlg"="Tahoma" "MS Shell Dlg 2″="Tahoma"</code>改为：<code>"MS Shell Dlg"="SimSun" "MS Shell Dlg 2″="SimSun"</code></li></ul><ol start="5"><li>修改<code>~/.wine/drive_c/windows/win.ini</code><br> 在末尾添加如下内容： <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[Desktop]</span><br><span class="line">menufontsize=13</span><br><span class="line">messagefontsize=13</span><br><span class="line">statusfontsize=13</span><br><span class="line">IconTitleSize=13</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li>把以下代码保存为<code>zh.reg</code>，然后执行<code>regedit zh.reg</code> <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">REGEDIT4</span><br><span class="line">[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes]</span><br><span class="line">"Arial"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Arial CE,238"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Arial CYR,204"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Arial Greek,161"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Arial TUR,162"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Courier New"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Courier New CE,238"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Courier New CYR,204"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Courier New Greek,161"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Courier New TUR,162"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"FixedSys"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Helv"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Helvetica"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"MS Sans Serif"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"MS Shell Dlg"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"MS Shell Dlg 2"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"System"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Tahoma"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Times"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Times New Roman CE,238"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Times New Roman CYR,204"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Times New Roman Greek,161"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Times New Roman TUR,162"="simsun"</span><br><span class="line">"Tms Rmn"="simsun"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><hr><h2 id="4-安装QQ"><a href="#4-安装QQ" class="headerlink" title="4. 安装QQ"></a>4. 安装QQ</h2><ol><li>官网下载最新版QQ</li><li>使用wine进行安装： <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">wine QQ8.9.3.exe</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li>运行QQ <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">wine <span class="variable">$HOME</span>/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/Tencent/QQ/Bin/QQ.exe</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 注意上面的<code>$HOME</code>为自己home目录。</li></ol><hr><h2 id="5-创建桌面图标"><a href="#5-创建桌面图标" class="headerlink" title="5. 创建桌面图标"></a>5. 创建桌面图标</h2><p>创建以下内容的desktop文件：</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[Desktop Entry]</span><br><span class="line">Version=1.0</span><br><span class="line">Type=Application</span><br><span class="line">Name=Tencent QQ</span><br><span class="line">Icon=$HOME/Pictures/qq.png</span><br><span class="line">Exec=wine $HOME/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/Tencent/QQ/Bin/QQ.exe</span><br><span class="line">Comment=QQ</span><br><span class="line">Categories=Network;InstantMessaging;</span><br><span class="line">Terminal=false</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>注意：上面的<code>$HOME</code>改为自己的home目录路径，<code>Icon</code>的图标需要自己下载并放到本地。</p><p>将上面的文件名保存为<code>QQ.desktop</code>（文件后缀为desktop），修改权限为664，然后<strong>放到：<code>$HOME/.local/share/applications/</code>目录下</strong>，也可以直接将该文件拖到启动栏。</p><hr><h2 id="6-存在的问题"><a href="#6-存在的问题" class="headerlink" title="6. 存在的问题"></a>6. 存在的问题</h2><ol><li>无法保存密码；</li><li>页面部分字体会乱码（变成方框）；</li><li>无法输入中文（fcitx输入法，包括搜狗）：<strong>这一点很蛋疼</strong>，但有的人不会出现。可能解决方案：</li></ol><ul><li>卸载ibus，但亲测卸载ibus会把unity也一同卸载，所以不可行；</li><li>把要输入的文字在其他软件中（如gedit）编写，然后粘贴到聊天框；</li></ul><hr><h2 id="7-参考"><a href="#7-参考" class="headerlink" title="7. 参考"></a>7. 参考</h2><p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudWJ1bnR1a3lsaW4uY29tL3VreWxpbi9mb3J1bS5waHA/bW9kPXZpZXd0aHJlYWQmdGlkPTMwNTEx">https://www.ubuntukylin.com/ukylin/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=30511<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></p>]]></content>
<summary type="html"><p><strong>注意：无需继续使用该方法在 Linux 上安装 QQ 了，官方已经正式支持 LinuxQQ：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9pbS5xcS5jb20vbGludXhxcS9pbmRleC5zaHRtbA==">QQ Linux版下载<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></strong></p></summary>
<category term="Ubuntu" scheme="https://yaodev.site/categories/Ubuntu/"/>
<category term="Ubuntu" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/Ubuntu/"/>
<category term="wine" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/wine/"/>
<category term="QQ" scheme="https://yaodev.site/tags/QQ/"/>
</entry>
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