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  <h1>AlgoWiki - All the links and resources on different topics of Computer Science</h1>  
  <p>On Internet, There is a lot of knowledge on different topics scarred over different sources. Most of the knowledge is either online on the web or with the people as human knowledge. I want to create this repository as a platform to bind this scarred piece of knowledge at one place!</p>
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        <h4 class="panel-title">
          <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseOne">
            Competitive Programming
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        <section>
        <h3>
<a id="index" class="anchor" href="#index" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Index</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="#syllabus">Syllabus</a></li>
<li><a href="#motivation">Motivational</a></li>
<li><a href="#competitive-programming">Competitive Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="#problem-sets">Problem Sets</a></li>
<li><a href="#articles">Article &amp; Blogs</a></li>
<li><a href="#code-repository">Code Repositories</a></li>
<li><a href="#coding-calendar">Coding Calendar</a></li>
<li><a href="#toolkit">Toolkit</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="syllabus" class="anchor" href="#syllabus" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Syllabus</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.ioinformatics.org/a_d_m/isc/iscdocuments/ioi-syllabus.pdf" target="_blank">IOI Syallbus</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_dc3Ifg7Gg1LxhiqMMmE9UbTsXpdRiYh4pKILYG2eA4/edit" target="_blank">ACM-ICPC Syllabus</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="motivation" class="anchor" href="#motivation" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link" target="_blank"></span></a>Motivational</h3>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.wired.com/2010/11/mf_algorithmolympics/all/" target="_blank">Teen mathletes do battle at algorithm olympics</a>-Gennady Korotkevich(tourist)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://community.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&amp;d1=features&amp;d2=070805" target="_blank">Target in six steps</a>– Petr Mitrichev</li>
<li>Nikhil Garg’s blog posts

<ul>
<li><a href="http://blog.nikhilgarg.me/2010/12/and-we-did-it.html" target="_blank">2010 ICPC Regionals Victory</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blog.nikhilgarg.me/2011/12/we-came-we-saw-we-conquered.html" target="_blank">2011 ICPC Regionals Victory</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blog.nikhilgarg.me/2011/02/how-to-be-good-programmer.html" target="_blank">How to be a good programmer</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://kungfuant.blogspot.in/2012/05/know-indian-coder-rudradev-basak.html" target="_blank">Interview with Rudradev Basak</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="competitive-programming" class="anchor" href="#competitive-programming" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Competitive Programming</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.4clojure.com/" target="_blank">4Clojure</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.codeabbey.com/" target="_blank">Codeabbey</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.codechef.com/contests" target="_blank">Codechef</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.codeeval.com/" target="_blank">Codeeval</a></li>
<li><a href="http://codeforces.com/" target="_blank">Codeforces</a></li>
<li><a href="http://coderbyte.com/" target="_blank">Coderbyte</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.codewars.com/" target="_blank">Codewars</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.codingame.com/start" target="_blank">Codingame</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/hackercup" target="_blank">Facebook Hackercup</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.hackerrank.com/" target="_blank">Hackerrank</a></li>
<li><a href="https://helloworldopen.com/" target="_blank">Hello World Open</a></li>
<li><a href="http://ipsc.ksp.sk/" target="_blank">Internet Problem Solving Contest</a></li>
<li><a href="http://jagc.org/" target="_blank">Just another Golf Coding</a></li>
<li><a href="https://microcorruption.com/" target="_blank">Microcorruption</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.topcoder.com/" target="_blank">Topcoder</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="problem-sets" class="anchor" href="#problem-sets" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Problem Sets</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://golf.shinh.org/" target="_blank">Anarchy Golf</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.lightoj.com/index.php" target="_blank">LightOJ</a></li>
<li><a href="http://coj.uci.cu/24h/problems.xhtm" target="_blank">Caribbean Online Judge</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.checkio.org/" target="_blank">CheckIO</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.codehunt.com/" target="_blank">CodeHunt</a></li>
<li><a href="http://codingbat.com/java" target="_blank">Coding Bat</a></li>
<li><a href="https://code.google.com/codejam/contests.html" target="_blank">Google Code Jam - Practise</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.hacker.org/" target="_blank">Hacker.org</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.fen.bilkent.edu.tr/%7Ecvmath/prob-month.html" target="_blank">Mathproblem of the Month - Bilkent University</a></li>
<li><a href="http://poj.org/" target="_blank">PKU Online Judge</a></li>
<li><a href="http://domino.research.ibm.com/Comm/wwwr_ponder.nsf/pages/index.html" target="_blank">Ponder This!</a></li>
<li><a href="https://projecteuler.net/" target="_blank">Project Euler</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pythonpracticeprojects.com/" target="_blank">Python Practice Projects</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.spoj.com/" target="_blank">Sphere Online Judge</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.talentbuddy.co/" target="_blank">TalentBuddy</a></li>
<li><a href="http://acm.timus.ru/" target="_blank">Timus Online Judge</a></li>
<li><a href="http://uva.onlinejudge.org/index.php?option=com_onlinejudge&amp;Itemid=8" target="_blank">UVa Online Judge</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="articles" class="anchor" href="#articles" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Articles</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://petr-mitrichev.blogspot.in/2013/11/this-week-in-competitive-programming.html" target="_blank">Petr Mitrichev's Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="http://se7so.blogspot.in/2012/12/segment-trees-and-lazy-propagation.html?m=1" target="_blank">Segment Trees</a></li>
<li><a href="http://discuss.codechef.com/questions/48877/data-structures-and-algorithms" target="_blank">Data structure and Algorithm</a></li>
<li><a href="http://turjachaudhuri.wordpress.com" target="_blank">Algorithms For Interviews And Competitive Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="http://sportprogramming.blogspot.in/2014/07/getting-started-with-sport-of.html" target="_blank">Getting Started with Competitve Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.topcoder.com/tc?d1=tutorials&amp;d2=alg_index&amp;module=Static" target="_blank">TopCoder Algorithms Tutorial</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://e-maxx.ru/algo" target="_blank">eMAXX</a> [Translate this website using Chrome]</li>
<li><a href="http://www.acmsolver.org/" target="_blank">ACM Solve</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.vexorian.com/" target="_blank">vexorian's blog </a></li>
<li><a href="http://fusharblog.com/" target="_blank">Fushar’s Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="http://apps.topcoder.com/wiki/display/tc/Algorithm+Problem+Set+Analysis" target="_blank">Topcoder Match Editorial Archive</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.codechef.com/wiki/editorials-codechef-contest-problems" target="_blank">Codechef Editorials</a></li>
<li><a href="https://wuliangx.wordpress.com/category/competitive-programming/" target="_blank">WL's Blog</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="code-repository" class="anchor" href="#code-repository" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Code Repository</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://zobayer2009.wordpress.com/code/" target="_blank">Zobayer’s Code Repository</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shygypsy.com/tools/" target="_blank">Igor’s Code Repository</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="coding-calendar" class="anchor" href="#coding-calendar" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Coding Calendar</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.hackerrank.com/calendar" target="_blank">Hackerrank Calendar</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="toolkit" class="anchor" href="#toolkit" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Toolkit</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://spojtoolkit.com/" target="_blank">SPOJ Toolkit</a></li>
<li><a href="http://uvatoolkit.com/problemssolve.php" target="_blank">UVA Toolkit</a></li>
</ul>
      </section>
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      <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4 class="panel-title">
          <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseTwo">
            Algoithms and Their Implementation
          </a>
        </h4>
      </div>
      <div id="collapseTwo" class="panel-collapse collapse">
        <div class="panel-body">
           <section>
        <hr>
<p>We have lots of links to add here...it will be updated soon!</p>
<h3>
<a id="index" class="anchor" href="#index" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Index</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#dynamic-programming">Dynamic Programming</a>
<ul>
<li>Matrix chain multiplication</li>
<li>Maximum SubArray Problem</li>
<li>Longest increasing Subsequece</li>
<li>Subset Sum problem</li>
<li>Dynamic Time Wrapping</li>
<li>Overlapping SubProblems</li>
<li>Word Wrap</li>
<li>Approximate String Mateching</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#graph-algorithms">Graph Algorithms</a>

<ul>
<li>Minimum Spanning Tree</li>
<li>Coloring Algorithm</li>
<li>Bellman Ford Algorithm</li>
<li>Travelling Salesman problem</li>
<li>Iterative deepening depth-first search</li>
<li>Kruskal's algorithm</li>
<li>Longest Path Problem</li>
<li>Depth First Search</li>
<li>Prim's Algorithm</li>
<li>Topological Sorting</li>
<li>Transitive closure</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#string-and-string-pattern-matching">String and String Pattern Matching</a>

<ul>
<li>Aho-Corasick string matching algorithm</li>
<li>Rabin-Karp Algorithm</li>
<li>Edit Distance</li>
<li>Longest Palindromic Substring</li>
<li>Longest Repeating Substring</li>
<li>Searching for Patterns</li>
<li>Knuth-Morris-Pratt Algorithm </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#optimization-algorithms">Optimization Algorithms</a>

<ul>
<li>AC-3 Algorithm</li>
<li>Alpha Beta Pruning</li>
<li>Ant colony optimization</li>
<li>Branch and Bound</li>
<li>Bees Algorithm</li>
<li>Chain Matrix Multiplication</li>
<li>Delayed Column Generation </li>
<li>Constraint Satisfaction</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#combinatorial-algorithms">Combinatorial Algorithms</a>

<ul>
<li>Binary Search Algorithm</li>
<li>Cycle Detection</li>
<li>Daitch-Mokotoff Soundex Coding</li>
<li>Double Metaphone Algorithm</li>
<li>Floyd Cycle Detection Algorithm</li>
<li>Fibonacci Search Algorithm</li>
<li>Fisher–Yates shuffle Algorithm </li>
<li>General Problem Solver</li>
<li>Jump Point Search </li>
<li>Kadane's Algorithm</li>
<li>Lagged Fibonacci Generators</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#trees">Trees</a>

<ul>
<li>Andersson Tree</li>
<li>AVL Tree</li>
<li>AND/OR trees</li>
<li>Binary Tree</li>
<li>B-Tree</li>
<li>B-tree and UB-tree</li>
<li>BINARY HEAP</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#stack">Stack</a></li>
<li><a href="#queue">Queue</a></li>
<li><a href="#statics">Statics</a></li>
<li><a href="#heap">Heap</a></li>
<li><a href="#linked-list">Linked List</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="dynamic-programming" class="anchor" href="#dynamic-programming" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Dynamic Programming</h3>

<ul>
<li>Matrix chain multiplication

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/Dynamic/chainMatrixMult.htm" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_chain_multiplication" target="_blank">PsuedoCode</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=u6Y055g4mOE" target="_blank">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Maximum SubArray Problem

<ul>
<li><a href="http://cs.slu.edu/%7Egoldwasser/courses/slu/csci314/2012_Fall/lectures/maxsubarray/" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_subarray_problem" target="_blank">Pseudocode</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=MEPv8rP279I target="_blank"">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Longest increasing Subsequece

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.lightoj.com/article_show.php?article=1000&amp;language=english&amp;type=pdf" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://wcipeg.com/wiki/Longest_increasing_subsequence" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-programming-set-3-longest-increasing-subsequence/" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2631726/how-to-determine-the-longest-increasing-subsequence-using-dynamic-programming" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Longest_increasing_subsequence" target="_blank">Code</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_increasing_subsequence" target="_blank">Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=U-xOVWlcgmM" target="_blank">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Subset Sum problem

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-programming-subset-sum-problem/" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subset_sum_problem" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Subset_sum_problem" target="_blank">Code</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subset_sum_problem" target="_blank">Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=hi-Ec4jYyII#t=0" target="_blank">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Dynamic Time Wrapping

<ul>
<li><a href="http://web.science.mq.edu.au/%7Ecassidy/comp449/html/ch11s02.html" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://luscinia.sourceforge.net/page26/page16/page16.html" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.psb.ugent.be/cbd/papers/gentxwarper/DTWalgorithm.htm" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_time_warping" target="_blank">Code</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_time_warping" target="_blank">Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=F2PT80UD-30" target="_blank">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Overlapping SubProblems

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-programming-set-1/" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20140215001613/http:/20bits.com/article/introduction-to-dynamic-programming#subproblems" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.iitplacementpapers.com/p/dynamic-programming.html" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://k2code.blogspot.com/2010/07/overlapping-subproblems-in-dynamic.html" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://homepages.ius.edu/rwisman/C455/html/notes/Chapter15/DynamicProgramming.htm" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=jdTgQXNQxlI#t=0" target="_blank">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Word Wrap

<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_wrap" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-programming-set-18-word-wrap/" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Word_wrap" target="_blank">Code</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Approximate String Mateching

<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximate_string_matching" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.chokkan.org/software/simstring/" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mohamedfahmed.wordpress.com/2010/04/19/approximate-string-matching-on-gpgpus/" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.daqwest.com/repo/dq/algorithms/dynamic%20programming/Approximate%20string%20matching/i:video" target="_blank">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="graph-algorithms" class="anchor" href="#graph-algorithms" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Graph Algorithms</h3>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Minimum Spanning Tree</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/computersciencetheory/mst.html" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/greedy-algorithms-set-5-prims-minimum-spanning-tree-mst-2/" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Compgeometry/MyCG/CG-Applets/SteinerTree/msteinercli.htm" target="_blank">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=5xosHRdxqHA" target="_blank">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Coloring Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/graph-coloring-set-2-greedy-algorithm/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/VertexColoring.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=IDG-ldeEda0">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=o3B-V94VnQg">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Bellman Ford Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-programming-set-23-bellman-ford-algorithm/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.laynetworks.com/Bellman%20Ford%20Algorithm.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellman-Ford_algorithm">Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=aeCj-BSSGXU">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=W2fKGISUAtM">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Travelling Salesman problem</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/AproxAlgor/TSP/tsp.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/travelling-salesman-problem-set-1/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.lalena.com/ai/tsp/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=IUzE1MbjoVs">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Iterative deepening depth-first search</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-search/depth-first-iterative-deepening.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.mr-think.com/Iterativedeepeningdepthfirstsearch3.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.quickiwiki.com/en/Iterative_deepening">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dictionary.sensagent.com/Iterative%20deepening%20depth-first%20search/en-en/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://mhesham.wordpress.com/tag/iterative-deepening-depth-first-search/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=7QcoJjSVT38">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Kruskal's algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/greedy-algorithms-set-2-kruskals-minimum-spanning-tree-mst/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://lcm.csa.iisc.ernet.in/dsa/node184.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/GraphAlgor/kruskalAlgor.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal%27s_algorithm">Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=71UQH7Pr9kU#t=0">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Longest Path Problem</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-longest-path-directed-acyclic-graph/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/Complexity/npComplete.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_path_problem">Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=a3ww0gwEszo#t=0">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Depth First Search</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.algolist.net/Algorithms/Graph/Undirected/Depth-first_search">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/GraphAlgor/depthSearch.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-search/depth-first-search.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search">Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=iaBEKo5sM7w#t=0">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Prim's Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/computersciencetheory/mst.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/greedy-algorithms-set-5-prims-minimum-spanning-tree-mst-2/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/GraphAlgor/primAlgor.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.brpreiss.com/books/opus4/html/page577.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=BtGuZ-rrUeY">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Topological Sorting</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/topological-sorting/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/GraphAlgor/topoSort.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://homepages.ius.edu/rwisman/C455/html/notes/Chapter22/TopSort.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.drdobbs.com/database/topological-sorting/184410262">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topological_sort">Code</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_sorting">Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=SwN4LgOw6mo">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=UeE1yW3U2WM">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Transitive closure</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/transitive-closure-of-a-graph/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_closure">Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=UGiG4PoCC-E">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="string-and-string-pattern-matching" class="anchor" href="#string-and-string-pattern-matching" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>String and String Pattern Matching</h3>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Aho-Corasick string matching algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://swizec.com/blog/aho-corasick-string-matching-algorithm-in-haskell/swizec/5376">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://tomasp.net/blog/ahocorasick.aspx/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aho%E2%80%93Corasick_string_matching_algorithm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=d24CyiU1JFk">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Rabin-Karp Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/searching-for-patterns-set-3-rabin-karp-algorithm/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.stoimen.com/blog/2012/04/02/computer-algorithms-rabin-karp-string-searching/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.sparknotes.com/cs/searching/hashtables/section4.rhtml">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://community.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&amp;d1=tutorials&amp;d2=stringSearching">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=d3TZpfnpJZ0">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Edit Distance</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-programming-set-5-edit-distance/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/%7Elloyd/tildeAlgDS/Dynamic/Edit/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algorithm_Implementation/Strings/Levenshtein_distance">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/html/htmledition/edit-distance-1.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=CB425OsE4Fo">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Longest Palindromic Substring</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/longest-palindromic-substring-set-2/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/longest-palindrome-substring-set-1/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://leetcode.com/2011/11/longest-palindromic-substring-part-i.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.akalin.cx/longest-palindrome-linear-time">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://wcipeg.com/wiki/index.php?title=Longest_palindromic_substring">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://stevekrenzel.com/articles/longest-palnidrome">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=UhJCXiLSKv0">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Longest Repeating Substring</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/length-of-the-longest-substring-without-repeating-characters/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rubyquiz.com/quiz153.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=RUckZMzqUcw">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Searching for Patterns</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/searching-for-patterns-set-3-rabin-karp-algorithm/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://community.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&amp;d1=tutorials&amp;d2=stringSearching">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.java.net/blog/potty/archive/2012/04/19/string-searching-algorithms-part-i">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=rDPuaNw9_Eo">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Knuth-Morris-Pratt Algorithm </p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/StringMatch/kuthMP.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/searching-for-patterns-set-2-kmp-algorithm/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://computersciencesource.wordpress.com/2011/01/03/string-searching-the-knuth-morris-pratt-algorithm/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://inimino.org/%7Einimino/tests/js/tree_explorer/wikipedia/Knuth%e2%2580%2593Morris%e2%2580%2593Pratt_algorithm.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=rfisBOOLN9M">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="optimization-algorithms" class="anchor" href="#optimization-algorithms" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Optimization Algorithms</h3>

<ul>
<li>
<p>AC-3 Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://ktiml.mff.cuni.cz/%7Ebartak/constraints/propagation.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://artint.info/html/ArtInt_79.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=fO0t3o8LDCs#t=0">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Alpha Beta Pruning</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://cs.ucla.edu/%7Erosen/161/notes/alphabeta.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://algorithmist.com/index.php/Alpha-beta_pruning">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%E2%80%93beta_pruning">PsudoCode</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=xBXHtz4Gbdo">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=Ewh-rF7KSEg">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ant colony optimization</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Ant_Colony_Optimization">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/hh781027.aspx">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/644067/Applying-Ant-Colony-Optimization-Algorithms-to-Sol">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=SMc6UR5blS0">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Branch and Bound</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.seas.gwu.edu/%7Eayoussef/cs212/branchandbound.html">Artcile</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/orclass/integer/node13.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.academic.marist.edu/%7Ejzbv/algorithms/Branch%20and%20Bound.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=YwRjj6mfxHY">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Bees Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.cleveralgorithms.com/nature-inspired/swarm/bees_algorithm.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/gg983491.aspx">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=zxcb6ZBj5PE">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Chain Matrix Multiplication</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/Dynamic/chainMatrixMult.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-programming-set-8-matrix-chain-multiplication/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://algorithinking.blogspot.com/2011/07/chain-matrix-multiplication.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=u6Y055g4mOE#t=0">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Delayed Column Generation </p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15685665/example-of-delayed-column-generation">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://neos-server.org/casestudies/cutting/formulation.html">Article</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Constraint Satisfaction</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.cis.temple.edu/%7Egiorgio/cis587/readings/constraints.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.csee.umbc.edu/courses/771/papers/dechter_r.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://ktiml.mff.cuni.cz/%7Ebartak/constraints/constrsat.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=UhAmM3z6KS0">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="combinatorial-algorithms" class="anchor" href="#combinatorial-algorithms" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Combinatorial Algorithms</h3>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Binary Search Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.algolist.net/Algorithms/Binary_search">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/binarySearchTree.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://community.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&amp;d1=tutorials&amp;d2=binarySearch">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.csit.parkland.edu/%7Embrandyberry/CS1Java/Lessons/Lesson27/BinarySearch.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Binary_search">Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=wNVCJj642n4">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Cycle Detection</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/detect-cycle-in-a-graph/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/detect-cycle-undirected-graph/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://codingfreak.blogspot.com/2012/09/detecting-loop-in-singly-linked-list_22.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=0tOXEoHN3Yc">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=I7pT3RRmmuE">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Daitch-Mokotoff Soundex Coding</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.jewishgen.org/infofiles/soundex.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.avotaynu.com/soundex.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://ntz-develop.blogspot.com/2011/03/phonetic-algorithms.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.onegreatfamily.com/blog/index/13-04-19/The_Daitch-Mokotoff_Soundex_System.aspx">Article</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Double Metaphone Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/4624/Implement-Phonetic-quot-Sounds-like-quot-Name-Sear">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://php.net/manual/en/function.metaphone.php">Article</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Floyd Cycle Detection Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/detect-and-remove-loop-in-a-linked-list/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://codingfreak.blogspot.com/2012/09/detecting-loop-in-singly-linked-list_22.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Floyd:s:cycle:finding:algorithm.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?TortoiseAndHare">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=I7pT3RRmmuE">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fibonacci Search Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.ics.forth.gr/%7Elourakis/fibsrch/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mathfaculty.fullerton.edu/mathews/n2003/FibonacciSearchMod.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=i3U-csxumts">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=49V_hbKu-Lc">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fisher–Yates shuffle Algorithm </p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/shuffle-a-given-array/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://bost.ocks.org/mike/shuffle/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2007/12/the-danger-of-naivete.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.i-programmer.info/programming/theory/2744-how-not-to-shuffle-the-kunth-fisher-yates-algorithm.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://gamedevelopment.tutsplus.com/tutorials/quick-tip-shuffle-cards-or-any-elements-with-the-fisher-yates-shuffle-algorithm--gamedev-6314">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=tLxBwSL3lPQ">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>General Problem Solver</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://psywww.com/intropsych/ch07_cognition/general_problem_solver.html">Article</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Jump Point Search </p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://harablog.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/jump-point-search/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.stoimen.com/blog/2011/12/12/computer-algorithms-jump-search/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=bcDhV7kwWio">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=Kg_0bHEl0-g">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Kadane's Algorithm</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://dhruvbird.blogspot.com/2013/04/inside-guts-of-kadanes-algorithm-or.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kartikkukreja.wordpress.com/2013/06/17/kadanes-algorithm/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ritambhara.in/kadanes-algorithm-to-find-maximum-subarray-sum/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=MEPv8rP279I">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Lagged Fibonacci Generators</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.phy.ornl.gov/csep/rn/node20.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.sprng.org/Version4.0/generators.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.berniepope.id.au/lfg.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://neohumanism.org/l/la/lagged_fibonacci_generator.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=qdmH6slZ0ac">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="trees" class="anchor" href="#trees" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Trees</h3>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Andersson Tree</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://eternallyconfuzzled.com/tuts/datastructures/jsw_tut_andersson.aspx">Article</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>AVL Tree</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/avl-tree-set-1-insertion/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/%7Eealexand/cs367/NOTES/AVL-Trees/index.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://eternallyconfuzzled.com/tuts/datastructures/jsw_tut_avl.aspx">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cis.stvincent.edu/html/tutorials/swd/avltrees/avltrees.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.eli.sdsu.edu/courses/fall96/cs660/notes/avl/avl.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://eternallyconfuzzled.com/tuts/datastructures/jsw_tut_andersson.aspx">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>AND/OR trees</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://cs.nyu.edu/courses/spring02/G22.2560-001/andor.html">Article</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Binary Tree</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/lesson18.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/a-program-to-check-if-a-binary-tree-is-bst-or-not/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/binarySearchTree.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cslibrary.stanford.edu/110/BinaryTrees.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/%7Eadamchik/15-121/lectures/Trees/trees.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6lYob8STMI">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>B-Tree</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/b-tree-set-1-introduction-2/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://guide.couchdb.org/draft/btree.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.bluerwhite.org/btree/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cis.stvincent.edu/html/tutorials/swd/btree/btree.html">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coRJrcIYbF4">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>B-tree and UB-tree</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/B-tree_and_UB-tree">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ji6NVCb-td8">Video(Part1)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do2kIruqJnk">Video(Part2)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vr1DUj0jL38">Video(Part3)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>BINARY HEAP</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.algolist.net/Data_structures/Binary_heap">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Ermuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/Sorting/heapSort.htm">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tournament-tree-and-binary-heap/">Article</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7rvz_WdV3U">Video</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<p>Will be updated soon! </p>
      </section>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="panel panel-info">
      <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4 class="panel-title">
          <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseThree">
         Algorithms and Data Structures pdfs
          </a>
        </h4>
      </div>
      <div id="collapseThree" class="panel-collapse collapse">
        <div class="panel-body">
 <section>
       
<ul>
<li> <a href="http://dces.essex.ac.uk/staff/rpoli/gp-field-guide/toc.html">A Field Guide To Genetic Programming</a>
</li>
<li> <a href="http://dces.essex.ac.uk/staff/rpoli/gp-field-guide/toc.html">A Field Guide To Genetic Programming</a>
</li>
<li> <a href="http://code.google.com/p/graphbook/">Algorithmic Graph Theory</a>
</li>
<li> <a href="http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/home/">Algorithms, 4th Edition Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne</a>
</li>
<li> <a href="https://archive.org/details/Algorithms_And_Automatic_Computing_Machines">Algorithms and Automatic Computing Machines (1963)B. A. Trakhtenbrot</a>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.math.upenn.edu/%7Ewilf/AlgoComp.pdf">Algorithms and Complexity(book)(PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ethoberon.ethz.ch/WirthPubl/AD.pdf">Algorithms and Data-Structures</a></li>
<li><a href="http://compgeom.cs.uiuc.edu/%7Ejeffe/teaching/algorithms/">Algorithms Course Materials eff Erickson</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cslibrary.stanford.edu/110/BinaryTrees.pdf">Binary Trees(PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cleveralgorithms.com/nature-inspired/index.html">Clever Algorithms</a></li>
<li><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B48k2jhdQ5P2aVlmMFB1UUJLczA/edit?usp=sharing%22">Data Structures and Algorithms: Annotated Reference with Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.syncfusion.com/resources/techportal/ebooks/datastructurespart1%22">Data Structures Succinctly Part 1, Syncfusion</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.syncfusion.com/resources/techportal/ebooks/datastructurespart2%22">Data Structures Succinctly Part 2, Syncfusion</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/liuxinyu95/AlgoXY%22">Elementary Algorithms</a></li>
<li><a href="http://infolab.stanford.edu/%7Eullman/focs.html">Foundations of Computer Science- Al Aho and Jeff Ullman</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.aupress.ca/index.php/books/120226">Open Data Structures: An Introduction- Pat Morin</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/%7Emehlhorn/LEDAbook.html">LEDA: A Platform for Combinatorial and Geometric Computing</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://larc.unt.edu/ian/books/free/lnoa.pdf">Lectures Notes on Algorithm Analysis and Computational Complexity (Fourth Edition) University of North Texas (PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cslibrary.stanford.edu/103/LinkedListBasics.pdf">Linked List Basics (PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cslibrary.stanford.edu/105/LinkedListProblems.pdf">Linked List Problems (PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://planning.cs.uiuc.edu/">Planning Algorithms</a></li>
<li><a href="http://larc.unt.edu/ian/books/free/poa.pdf">Problems on Algorithms (Second Edition)</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/pearls/">Programming Pearls</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/%7Erwh/theses/okasaki.pdf">Purely Functional Data Structures</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.inf.fh-flensburg.de/lang/algorithmen/sortieren/algoen.htm">Sequential and parallel sorting algorithms</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://igm.univ-mlv.fr/%7Emac/REC/text-algorithms.pdf">Text Algorithms</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www8.cs.umu.se/kurser/TDBAfl/VT06/algorithms/BOOK/BOOK/BOOK.HTM">The Algorithm Design Manual</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cs.utsa.edu/%7Ewagner/knuth">The Art of Computer Programming(fascicles, mostly volume 4) - Donald Knuth</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.designofapproxalgs.com/book.pdf">The Design of Approximation Algorithms(PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cslibrary.stanford.edu/109/TreeListRecursion.pdf">The Great Tree List Recursion Problem (PDF)</a></li>
</ul>
      </section>        </div>     </div></div>
    <div class="panel panel-warning">
      <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4 class="panel-title">
          <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseFour">
          C Programming
          </a>
        </h4>
      </div>
      <div id="collapseFour" class="panel-collapse collapse">
        <div class="panel-body">
          <h5>Pdfs and Online Learning</h5>
          <ul>
<li><a href="http://home.netcom.com/%7Etjensen/ptr/pointers.htm">A Tutorial on Pointers and Arrays in C</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.advancedlinuxprogramming.com/">Advanced Linux Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="http://beej.us/guide/bgc/">Beej's Guide to C Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="http://beej.us/guide/bgnet/">Beej's Guide to Network Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.buildyourownlisp.com/">Build Your Own Lisp</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming%3AC">C Programming - Wikibooks</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/olvemaudal/deep-c">Deep C</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cslibrary.stanford.edu/101/EssentialC.pdf">Essential C</a></li>
<li><a href="http://c.learncodethehardway.org/book/">Learn C the hard way</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.planetpdf.com/codecuts/pdfs/ooc.pdf">Object Oriented Programming in C</a></li>
<li><a href="http://publications.gbdirect.co.uk/c_book/">The C book</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.finseth.com/craft/">The Craft of Text Editing or A Cookbook for an Emacs</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.crasseux.com/books/ctut.pdf">The GNU C Programming Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.knosof.co.uk/cbook/cbook.html">The New C Standard - An Annotated Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.coranac.com/tonc/text/toc.htm">TONC GBA Programming - Game Boy Advance Development</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.bitsinthewind.com/about-dac/publications/using-c-on-the-unix-system">Using C on the UNIX System - David A. Curry</a></li>
</ul>

<h5>
<a id="websites" class="anchor" href="#websites" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Websites</h5>

<p>Will be updated soon!</p>
      </section>
       </div>
   </div></div>
   <div class="panel panel-primary">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4 class="panel-title">
          <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseFive">
          C++ Programming
          </a>
        </h4>
      </div>
      <div id="collapseFive" class="panel-collapse collapse">
        <div class="panel-body">
          <h5>Pdfs and Online Learning</h5>
          <ul>
<li><a href="http://cppannotations.sourceforge.net/">C++ Annotations</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://staff.ppu.edu/dkhalid/O'Reilly%20-%20C++%20Cookbook%20%282007%29.pdf">C++ Cookbook</a> (PDF)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.computer-books.us/cpp_0010.php">C++ GUI Programming With Qt 3</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.syncfusion.com/resources/techportal/ebooks/cplusplus">C++ Succinctly, Syncfusion</a> (PDF, Kindle) <em>(Just fill the fields with any values)</em>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs106x/">CS106X Programming Abstractions in C++</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.brpreiss.com/books/opus4/index.html">Data Structures and Algorithms with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C++</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://finance.bi.no/%7Ebernt/gcc_prog/recipes/">Financial Numerical Recipes in C++</a> - Bernt Arne Ødegaard</li>
<li><a href="http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/">Game Programming Patterns</a></li>
<li><a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml">Google's C++ Style Guide</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://greenteapress.com/thinkcpp/index.html">How To Think Like a Computer Scientist: C++ Version</a> - Allen B. Downey</li>
<li><a href="http://ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/9780131879058/downloads/0131879057_Ezust_book.pdf">Introduction to Design Patterns in C++ with Qt</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.learncpp.com/">Learn C++.</a> (PDF, Online)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.jjj.de/fxt/fxtbook.pdf">Matters Computational: Ideas, Algorithms, Source Code, by Jorg Arndt</a> (PDF)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://opendatastructures.org/ods-cpp.pdf">Open Data Structures (In C++)</a> (PDF)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cis.stvincent.edu/html/tutorials/swd/">Software Design Using C++</a> - Br. David Carlson and Br. Isidore Minerd</li>
<li><a href="http://www.agner.org/optimize/">Software optimization resources by Agner Fog</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.highscore.de/cpp/boost">The Boost C++ libraries</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://rooksguide.org/2013/11/26/version-1-0-is-out/">The Rook's Guide to C++</a> (PDF)</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.mindviewinc.com/downloads/TICPP-2nd-ed-Vol-one.zip">Thinking in C++, Second Edition, Vol. 1.</a> <a href="http://www.mindviewinc.com/downloads/TICPP-2nd-ed-Vol-two.zip">(Vol. 2)</a> - Bruce Eckel</li>
<li>Also see: <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/388242/511601">The Definitive C++ Book Guide and List</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h5>
<a id="websites" class="anchor" href="#websites" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Websites</h5>

<p>Will be updated soon!</p>
      </section>
       </div>
   </div>
</div>
   <div class="panel panel-info">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4 class="panel-title">
          <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseSix">
          Data Science
          </a>
        </h4>
      </div>
      <div id="collapseSix" class="panel-collapse collapse">
        <div class="panel-body">
           <section>
        <h3>
<a id="index" class="anchor" href="#index" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Index</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="#data-science-introduction">Data Science Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#big-data-processing">Data Processing</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#big-data-analysis">Data Analysis</a>

<ul>
<li><a href="#fundamentals">Fundamentals</a></li>
<li><a href="#network-analysis">Network Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="#statistics">Statistics</a></li>
<li><a href="#data-mining">Data Mining</a></li>
<li><a href="#machine-learning">Machine Learning</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#big-data-application">Data Science Application</a>

<ul>
<li><a href="#data-visualization">Data Visualization</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#uncategorized">Uncategorized</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#moocs">MOOCs about Data Science</a><br>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="data-science-introduction" class="anchor" href="#data-science-introduction" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Data Science Introduction</h3>

<ul>
  
  
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Big-Data-Now-2012-Edition-ebook/dp/B0097E4EBQ">Big Data Now: 2012 Edition</a> - O'Reilly Media Inc. - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Data_Science:_An_Introduction">Data Science: An Introduction</a> - Wikibook - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Disruptive-Possibilities-Data-Changes-Everything-ebook/dp/B00CLH387W">Disruptive Possibilities: How Big Data Changes Everything</a> - Jeffrey Needham - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://jsresearch.net/">Introduction to Data Science</a> - Jeffery Stanton - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Real-Time-Big-Data-Analytics-Architecture-ebook/dp/B00DO33RSW">Real-Time Big Data Analytics: Emerging Architecture</a> - Mike Barlow - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Evolution-Data-Products-ebook/dp/B005QEKQUY/ref=sr_1_63?s=digital-text&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1351898530&amp;sr=1-63">The Evolution of Data Products</a> - Mike Loukides - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.aspeninstitute.org/sites/default/files/content/docs/pubs/The_Promise_and_Peril_of_Big_Data.pdf">The Promise and Peril of Big Data</a> - David Bollier - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="big-data-processing" class="anchor" href="#big-data-processing" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Data Processing</h3>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://lintool.github.io/MapReduceAlgorithms/MapReduce-book-final.pdf">Data-Intensive Text Processing with MapReduce</a> - Jimmy Lin and Chris Dyer - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="big-data-analysis" class="anchor" href="#data-analysis" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Data Analysis</h3>

<h4>
<a id="fundamentals" class="anchor" href="#fundamentals" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Fundamentals</h4>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://ads.harvard.edu/books/1990fnmd.book/">Fundamental Numerical Methods and Data Analysis</a> - George W. Collins - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/intrometadata/index.html">Introduction to Metadata</a> - Murtha Baca - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/R-intro.pdf">Introduction to R - Notes on R: A Programming Environment for Data Analysis and Graphics</a> - W. N. Venables, D. M. Smith, and the R Core Team - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://modelingwithdata.org/about_the_book.html">Modeling with Data: Tools and Techniques for Scientific Computing</a> - Ben Klemens - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h4>
<a id="network-analysis" class="anchor" href="#network-analysis" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Network Analysis</h4>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://faculty.ucr.edu/%7Ehanneman/nettext/">Introduction to Social Network Methods</a> - Robert A. Hanneman and Mark Riddle - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/networks-book/">Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Reasoning About a Highly Connected World</a> - David Easley and Jon Kleinberg - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://barabasilab.neu.edu/networksciencebook/downlPDF.html">Network Science</a> - Sarah Morrison - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf">The Wealth of Networks</a> - Yochai Benkler - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h4>
<a id="statistics" class="anchor" href="#statistics" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Statistics</h4>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.stat.cmu.edu/%7Ecshalizi/ADAfaEPoV/ADAfaEPoV.pdf">Advanced Data Analysis from an Elementary Point of View</a> - Cosma Rohilla Shalizi - <code>Veternan</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/R-intro.pdf">An Introduction to R</a> - W. N. Venables, D. M. Smith, and the R Core Team - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.ualberta.ca/%7Ebaayen/publications/baayenCUPstats.pdf">Analyzing Linguistic Data: a practical introduction to statistics</a> - R. H. Baayan - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://columbia-applied-data-science.github.io/appdatasci.pdf">Applied Data Science</a> - Ian Langmore and Daniel Krasner - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://vassarstats.net/textbook/">Concepts and Applications of Inferential Statistics</a> - Richard Lowry - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.otexts.org/fpp/">Forecasting: Principles and Practice</a> - Rob J. Hyndman and George Athanasopoulos - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.math.umass.edu/%7Elavine/Book/book.html">Introduction to Probability</a> - Charles M. Grinstead and J. Laurie Snell - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.math.umass.edu/%7Elavine/Book/book.pdf">Introduction to Statistical Thought</a> - Michael Lavine - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.openintro.org/stat/textbook.php">OpenIntro Statistics - Second Edition</a> - David M. Diez, Christopher D. Barr, and Mine Cetinkaya-Rundel - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Verzani-SimpleR.pdf">simpleR - Using R for Introductory Statistics</a> - John Verzani - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Statistics.pdf">Statistics</a> - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkstats/thinkstats.pdf">Think Stats: Probability and Statistics for Programmers</a> - Allen B. Downey - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h4>
<a id="data-mining" class="anchor" href="#data-mining" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Data Mining</h4>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www2.dcc.ufmg.br/livros/miningalgorithms/files/pdf/dmafca.pdf">Data Mining and Analysis: Fundamental Concepts and Algorithms</a> - Mohammed J. Zaki and Wagner Meira Jr. - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.intechopen.com/books/data_mining_and_knowledge_discovery_in_real_life_applications">Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery in Real Life Applications</a> - Julio Ponce and Adem Karahoca - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-6287-4">Data Mining for Social Network Data</a> - Springer - <code>Veteran</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://infolab.stanford.edu/%7Eullman/mmds/book.pdf">Mining of Massive Datasets</a> - Anand Rajaraman, Jure Leskovec, and Jeffrey D. Ullman - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.intechopen.com/books/knowledge-oriented-applications-in-data-mininge">Knowledge-Oriented Applications in Data Mining</a> - Kimito Funatsu - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-fundamental-technologies-in-data-mining">New Fundamental Technologies in Data Mining</a> - Kimito Funatsu - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Zhao_R_and_data_mining.pdf">R and Data Mining: Examples and Case Studies</a> - Yanchang Zhao - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://statweb.stanford.edu/%7Etibs/ElemStatLearn/">The Elements of Statistical Learning</a> - Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, and Jerome Friedman - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.intechopen.com/books/theory-and-applications-for-advanced-text-mining">Theory and Applications for Advanced Text Mining</a> - Shigeaki Sakurai - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h4>
<a id="machine-learning" class="anchor" href="#machine-learning" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Machine Learning</h4>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://ciml.info/">A Course in Machine Learning</a> - Hal Daume - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.ics.uci.edu/%7Ewelling/teaching/273ASpring10/IntroMLBook.pdf">A First Encounter with Machine Learning</a> - Max Welling - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://web4.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/D.Barber/textbook/031013.pdf">Bayesian Reasoning and Machine Learning</a> - David Barber - <code>Veteran</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.gaussianprocess.org/gpml/chapters/">Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning</a> - Carl Edward Rasmussen and Christopher K. I. Williams - <code>Veteran</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://alex.smola.org/drafts/thebook.pdf">Introduction to Machine Learning</a> - Alex Smola and S.V.N. Vishwanathan - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://camdavidsonpilon.github.io/Probabilistic-Programming-and-Bayesian-Methods-for-Hackers/">Probabilistic Programming &amp; Bayesian Methods for Hackers</a> - Cam Davidson-Pilon (main author) - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.lionsolver.com/LIONbook/">The LION Way: Machine Learning plus Intelligent Optimization</a> - Robert Battiti and Mauro Brunato - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkbayes/">Thinking Bayes</a> - Allen B. Downey - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/jakevdp/sklearn_scipy2013/tree/master/notebooks/">Sklearn Basics</a> - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="big-data-application" class="anchor" href="#data-science-application" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Data Science Application</h3>

<h4>
<a id="information-retrieval" class="anchor" href="#information-retrieval" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Information Retrieval</h4>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/">Introduction to Information Retrival</a> - Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, and Hinrich Schutze - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h4>
<a id="data-visualization" class="anchor" href="#data-visualization" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Data Visualization</h4>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000345/index.html">Interactive Data Visualization for the Web</a> - Scott Murray - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://nbviewer.ipython.org/urls/gist.github.com/fonnesbeck/5850463/raw/a29d9ffb863bfab09ff6c1fc853e1d5bf69fe3e4/3.+Plotting+and+Visualization.ipynb">Plotting and Visualization in Python</a> - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="uncategorized" class="anchor" href="#uncategorized" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Uncategorized</h3>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://datajournalismhandbook.org/1.0/en/">Data Journalism Handbook</a> - Jonathan Gray, Liliana Bounegru, and Lucy Chambers - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://assets.en.oreilly.com/1/eventseries/23/Building-Data-Science-Teams.pdf">Building Data Science Teams</a> - DJ Patil - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/itprnn/book.html">Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms</a> - David MacKay - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-042j-mathematics-for-computer-science-fall-2010/readings/MIT6_042JF10_notes.pdf">Mathematics for Computer Science</a> - Eric Lehman, Thomas Leighton, and Albert R. Meyer - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.boozallen.com/media/file/The-Field-Guide-to-Data-Science.pdf">The Field Guide to Data Science</a> - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
</ul>

<h3>
<a id="moocs" class="anchor" href="#moocs-about-data-science" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>MOOCs about Data Science</h3>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/mooc/dataminingwithweka/">Data Mining with Weka</a> - Ian H. Witten - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://class.coursera.org/datasci-001/class">Introduction to Data Science</a> - Bill Howe (Coursera) - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.udacity.com/course/ud617">Introduction to Hadoop and MapReduce</a> - Udacity - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://class.coursera.org/ml-003/class">Machine Learning</a> - Andrew Ng (Coursera) - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://class.coursera.org/ntumlone-001">Machine Learning Foundatiaons (taught in Chinese)</a> - Hsuan-Tien Lin - <code>Beginner</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://work.caltech.edu/library/#!?goback=.gde_35222_member_5810981726511443971">Machine Learning Video Library</a> - Yaser Abu-Mostafa - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://class.coursera.org/nlp/lecture/preview">Natural Language Processing</a> - Dan Jurafsky and Christopher Manning (Coursera) - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://class.coursera.org/networksonline-001/class">Social and Economic Networks: Models and Analysis</a> - Matthew O. Jackson (Coursera) - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://class.coursera.org/sna-003/class">Social Network Analysis</a> - Lada Adamic (Coursera) - <code>Intermediate</code>
</li>
</ul>
      </section>
       </div>
   </div>
</div>
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        <h4 class="panel-title">
          <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseSeven">
            HTML 
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        </h4>
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      <div id="collapseSeven" class="panel-collapse collapse">
        <div class="panel-body">
           
<section>
        <ul>
<li><a href="http://learn.shayhowe.com/html-css/">A beginner's guide to HTML&amp;CSS</a></li>
<li><a href="http://learn.shayhowe.com/advanced-html-css/">An advanced guide to HTML&amp;CSS</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://mdo.github.io/code-guide/">Code Guide: Standards for developing flexible, durable, and sustainable HTML and CSS</a> - Mark Otto</li>
<li>
<a href="http://diveintohtml5.info/">Dive Into HTML5</a> (<a href="http://mislav.uniqpath.com/2011/10/dive-into-html5/">PDF</a>) - Mark Pilgrim</li>
<li><a href="http://dash.generalassemb.ly">GA Dash</a></li>
<li><a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/htmlcssguide.xml">Google's HTML/CSS Style Guide</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://joshondesign.com/p/books/canvasdeepdive/toc.html">HTML Canvas Deep Dive</a> - Josh Marinacci</li>
<li><a href="http://www.htmldog.com/">HTML Dog Tutorials</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1234000001654/index.html">HTML5 Canvas</a> - Steve Fulton &amp; Jeff Fulton</li>
<li>
<a href="http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1234000000770/index.html">HTML5 for Publishers</a> - Sanders Kleinfeld</li>
<li>
<a href="http://html5forwebdesigners.com/">HTML5 For Web Designers</a> - Jeremy Keith</li>
<li><a href="http://learnlayout.com/">Learn CSS Layout</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://smacss.com">Scalable and Modular Architecture for CSS</a> - Jonathan Snook</li>
<li>
<a href="http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1234000001552">Web Audio API</a> - Boris Smus</li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="websites" class="anchor" href="#websites" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Websites..</h2>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.it-ebooks.info/tag/html/">HTML Books</a></li>
</ul>
      </section>
       </div>
   </div></div>
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      <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4 class="panel-title">
          <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseEight">
            Interview Preparation
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        </h4>
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        <div class="panel-body">
           
      <section>
        <h3>
<a id="contents" class="anchor" href="#contents" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Contents</h3>

<ul>
<li><a href="#articles">Articles</a></li>
<li><a href="#algorithms">Algorithms</a></li>
<li><a href="#coding">Coding</a></li>
<li><a href="#interview-questions">Interview Question</a></li>
<li><a href="#guides">Guides</a></li>
<li><a href="#maths">Maths</a></li>
<li><a href="#misc">Misc</a></li>
<li><a href="#questions">Questions</a></li>
<li><a href="#systems-design">Systems Design</a></li>
<li><a href="#unix">Unix</a></li>
<li><a href="#videos">Videos</a></li>
<li><a href="#similar-github-repos">other repos</a></li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="articles" class="anchor" href="#articles" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Articles</h2>

<ul>
<li>Carlos Bueno – <strong>Get That Job at Facebook</strong> [<a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/10150964382448920">web</a>]</li>
<li>Daniel Blumenthal – <strong>How to Prepare for Technical Interviews</strong> [<a href="http://dandreamsofcoding.com/2012/11/25/how-to-prepare-for-technical-interviews/">web</a>]</li>
<li>David Byttow – <strong>ABC: Always Be Coding</strong> [<a href="https://medium.com/tech-talk/d5f8051afce2">web</a>]</li>
<li>David Byttow – <strong>Four Steps to Google, Without a Degree</strong> [<a href="https://medium.com/this-happened-to-me/8f381aa6bd5e">web</a>]</li>
<li>HayGen       - <strong>Interview Advice</strong> [<a href="http://hagenhc.com/interview-advice/">web</a>]</li>
<li>MyJobHelper - <strong>Best Questions to Ask a Potential Employer During a Job Interview</strong> [<a href="http://blog.myjobhelper.com/2014/10/20/best-questions-ask-potential-employer-job-interview/">web</a>]</li>
<li>Thomas L. Friedman – <strong>How to Get a Job at Google</strong> [<a href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/opinion/sunday/friedman-how-to-get-a-job-at-google.html">part 1</a>] [<a href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/04/20/opinion/sunday/friedman-how-to-get-a-job-at-google-part-2.html">part 2</a>]</li>
<li>Andrew Rothbart – <strong>Preparing for a technical interview with programming contests</strong> [<a href="https://www.facebook.com/notes/10151298476823920">web</a>]</li>
<li>Steve Yegge – <strong>Ten Tips for a (Slightly) Less Awful Resume</strong> [<a href="http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html">web</a>]</li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="algorithms" class="anchor" href="#algorithms" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Algorithms</h2>

<p>Recommended: Steven Skiena – <strong>The Algorithm Design Manual</strong> [[Amazon][b_tadm_amzn]] [[pdf][b_tadm_pdf]] [<a href="http://www.algorist.com/">web</a>]</p>

<ul>
<li>Jon Bentley – <strong>Programming Pearls</strong> [[Amazon][b_pp_amzn]] [<a href="http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/pearls/">web (full text)</a>]</li>
<li>Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest, Stein – <strong>Introduction to Algorithms</strong> [<a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0262033844">Amazon</a>] [<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=cormen+pdf">pdf</a>]</li>
<li>more – <strong>Free Algorithms Books</strong> [<a href="https://github.com/vicky002/AlgoWiki/blob/gh-pages/Free-Books/Algorithms-Data_Structures.md">Github</a>]</li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="coding" class="anchor" href="#coding" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Coding</h2>

<p>Recommended: <strong>Talentbuddy</strong> [<a href="http://www.talentbuddy.co/">web</a>] [<a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/talentbuddy/id845593905">free app</a>]</p>

<ul>
<li>
<strong>Coderust</strong> (great selection of problems) [<a href="http://coderust.com/">$10 app</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Hacker Rank</strong> [<a href="https://www.hackerrank.com/">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Interview Cake</strong> [<a href="https://www.interviewcake.com/">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>HackerEarth</strong> [<a href="http://www.hackerearth.com/">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>HiredInTech</strong> [<a href="http://www.hiredintech.com/">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Project Euler</strong> [<a href="https://projecteuler.net/">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Google Code Jam practice problems</strong> [<a href="https://code.google.com/codejam/contests.html">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Top Coder tutorials</strong> [<a href="http://www.topcoder.com/tc?d1=tutorials&amp;d2=alg_index&amp;module=Static">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Infoarena training path</strong> (RO) [<a href="http://www.infoarena.ro/training-path">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>LeetCode Online Judge</strong> [<a href="http://oj.leetcode.com/">web</a>]</li>
<li>more – <strong>Free Programming Resources</strong> [<a href="http://resrc.io/">web</a>]</li>
<li>more - <strong>Web Resources and Tutorials That Don't Suck</strong> [<a href="http://pineapple.io/">web</a>]</li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="interview-questions" class="anchor" href="#interview-questions" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Interview Questions</h2>

<p>Highly Recommended: <strong>zouzhile's Repository</strong> [<a href="http://www.talentbuddy.co/">web</a>] [<a href="https://github.com/zouzhile/interview">Github</a>]</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.careercup.com/page">CareerCup</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.coolinterview.com">CoolInterview</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geekinterview.com/">GeekInterview</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.indiabix.com">IndiaBix</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.crazyforcode.com/">CrazyForCode</a></li>
<li><a href="http://glassdoor.com/">Glassdoor</a></li>
<li><a href="www.codechef.com">CodeChef</a></li>
<li><a href="www.topcoder.com">TopCoder</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.leetcode.com">LeetCode</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.hackerrank.com/">Hackerrank</a></li>
<li><a href="http://codekata.pragprog.com/2007/01/code_kata_backg.html">CodeKata</a></li>
<li><a href="http://geeksforgeeks.org/forum/forum/interview-questions">GeeksforGeeks</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.impactinterview.com/2009/10/140-google-interview-questions/#software_engineer">Impact Interview</a></li>
<li><a href="http://hawstein.com/posts/dp-novice-to-advanced.html">Dynamic Programming</a></li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="guides" class="anchor" href="#guides" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Guides</h2>

<p>Recommended (resume): Gayle McDowell –  <strong>The Google Resume</strong> [<a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0470927623">Amazon</a>] [<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=the+google+resume+pdf">pdf</a>]</p>

<p>Recommended (interview): Gayle McDowell – <strong>Cracking the Coding Interview</strong> [<a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/098478280X">Amazon</a>] [<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=cracking+the+coding+interview+pdf">pdf</a>]</p>

<ul>
<li>
<strong>CareerCup</strong> [<a href="http://www.careercup.com/">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Coding for Interviews</strong> [<a href="http://codingforinterviews.com/">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Here's How to Prepare for Tech Interviews</strong> [<a href="http://redd.it/1jov24">reddit</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Programming Interviews Exposed</strong> [<a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/047012167X">Amazon</a>] [<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=programming+interviews+exposed+it-ebooks">pdf</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Elements of Programming Interviews</strong> [<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836">Amazon</a>] [<a href="https://code.google.com/p/elements-of-programming-interviews/">web</a>] </li>
<li>Mina Azib – <strong>Resources for Preparing for the Google Interview</strong> [<a href="http://itsallonesandzeroes.blogspot.de/2013/07/prepping-for-google-interview.html">web</a>]</li>
</ul>

<p>Follow Interview and Programming related Topics on Quora!</p>

<p><strong>Quora</strong>:</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.quora.com/Career-Advice/What-are-the-ways-to-utilize-6-months-to-build-skill-set-to-get-into-Facebook-or-Google">How to prepare for my Google/Facebook interview if I have 6 months left?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.quora.com/Google-Interview-Questions/How-should-I-prepare-for-my-Google-interview-if-I-have-1-month-left">How should I prepare for my Google interview if I have 1 month left?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-advice-for-an-engineering-internship-interview-at-Google-or-Facebook">What is the best advice for an engineering internship interview at Google or Facebook?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.quora.com/Google-Interview-Questions/What-graph-topics-should-I-study-in-order-to-be-adequately-prepared-for-a-Google-Software-Engineer-interview">What graph topics should I study in order to be adequately prepared for a Google Software Engineer interview?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-best-programming-interview-questions-youve-ever-asked-or-been-asked">What are the best programming interview questions you've ever asked or been asked?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.quora.com/How-much-time-did-you-spend-preparing-for-Googles-interviews">How much time did you spend preparing for Google's interviews?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.quora.com/During-an-interview-whats-an-appropriate-answer-when-asked-where-do-you-see-yourself-in-5-years">During an interview what's an appropriate answer when asked "where do you see yourself in 5 years?</a></li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="maths" class="anchor" href="#maths" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Maths</h2>

<p>Recommended: MIT - <strong>Mathematics for Computer Science</strong> [<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&amp;list=PLB7540DEDD482705B">Youtube</a>] [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-042j-mathematics-for-computer-science-fall-2010/">web</a>]</p>

<ul>
<li>Graham, Knuth, Patashnik – <strong>Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science</strong> [<a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0201558025/">Amazon</a>] [<a href="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=knuth+concrete+mathematics+pdf">pdf</a>]</li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="misc" class="anchor" href="#misc" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Misc</h2>

<ul>
<li>Aaron Swartz – <strong>How I Hire Programmers</strong> [<a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/hiring">web</a>]</li>
<li>Joel Spolsky – <strong>The Guerrilla Guide to Interviewing (v.3)</strong> [<a href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/GuerrillaInterviewing3.html">web</a>]</li>
<li>Steve Yegge – <strong>Done, and Gets Things Smart</strong> [<a href="http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2008/06/done-and-gets-things-smart.html">web</a>]</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Quora</strong></p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.quora.com/Programming-Interviews/How-does-an-interviewer-define-the-difficulty-level-of-a-question">How does an interviewer define the difficulty level of a question?</a></li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="questions" class="anchor" href="#questions" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Questions</h2>

<p>Recommended: MIT – <strong>Hacking a Google Interview</strong> [<a href="https://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php">web</a>]</p>

<ul>
<li>
<strong>Computer Science Primer / Interview Questions</strong> [<a href="http://www.grokit.ca/spc/computer_science_review/">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Programming Interview Questions</strong> [<a href="http://maxnoy.com/interviews.html">web</a>]</li>
<li>
<strong>Prismo-Skills</strong> [<a href="http://prismoskills.appspot.com/freshers.jsp">web</a>]</li>
<li>Jeff Atwood – <strong>How Good an Estimator Are You?</strong> [<a href="http://blog.codinghorror.com/how-good-an-estimator-are-you/">web</a>]</li>
<li>Daniel Blumenthal – <strong>Questions I Want to Ask, but Can't</strong> [<a href="http://dandreamsofcoding.com/2013/03/01/questions-i-want-to-ask-but-cant/">web</a>]</li>
<li>Steve Yegge – <strong>The Five Essential Phone-Screen Questions</strong> [<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/five-essential-phone-screen-questions">web</a>]</li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="systems-design" class="anchor" href="#systems-design" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Systems Design</h2>

<p><strong>Quora</strong></p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.quora.com/Job-Interviews/How-should-I-prepare-system-design-questions-for-Google-Facebook-Interview">How should I prepare system design questions for Google/Facebook interview?</a></li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="unix" class="anchor" href="#unix" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Unix</h2>

<p><strong>Quora</strong></p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread">What is the difference between a process and a thread?</a></li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="videos" class="anchor" href="#videos" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Videos</h2>

<p>Recommended: <strong>Candidate Coaching Session: Tech Interviewing</strong> [<a href="http://youtu.be/oWbUtlUhwa8">Youtube</a>]</p>

<ul>
<li>Gayle McDowell – <strong>Cracking the Coding Interview</strong> [<a href="http://youtu.be/rEJzOhC5ZtQ">Youtube</a>]</li>
<li>Gayle McDowell - <strong>Cracking the Coding Interview (examples)</strong> [<a href="http://youtu.be/aClxtDcdpsQ">one</a>] [<a href="http://youtu.be/2cf9xo1S134">two</a>]</li>
<li>Hangouts on Air: <strong>Google Recruiters Share Interview Tips</strong> [<a href="http://youtu.be/qc1owf2-220">technical</a>] [<a href="http://youtu.be/DINxNbBOEoI">non-technical</a>]</li>
<li>Ladies Storm Hackathons: <strong>Interview Prep Round 1: Strings, Arrays, Linked Lists</strong> [<a href="http://youtu.be/fIpliB-ton8">technical</a>] </li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="similar-github-repos" class="anchor" href="#similar-github-repos" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Similar Github repos</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/schmatz/cs-interview-guide">schmatz/cs-interview-guide</a> <strong>(NEW)</strong>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/SITZ/JobPuzzles">SITZ/JobPuzzles</a> <strong>(NEW)</strong>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/davidhampgonsalves/interview-resources">interview-resources</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/blakeembrey/code-problems">code-problems</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ChiperSoft/InterviewThis">InterviewThis</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ruby-jokes/job_interview">job_interview</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/alex/what-happens-when">what-happens-when</a></li>
</ul>
      </section>
       </div>
   </div></div>
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<h1>
<a id="airbnb-javascript-style-guide-" class="anchor" href="#airbnb-javascript-style-guide-" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Airbnb JavaScript Style Guide() {</h1>

<p><em>A mostly reasonable approach to JavaScript</em></p>

<h2>
<a id="table-of-contents" class="anchor" href="#table-of-contents" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Table of Contents</h2>

<ol>
<li><a href="#types">Types</a></li>
<li><a href="#objects">Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#arrays">Arrays</a></li>
<li><a href="#strings">Strings</a></li>
<li><a href="#functions">Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#properties">Properties</a></li>
<li><a href="#variables">Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="#hoisting">Hoisting</a></li>
<li><a href="#conditional-expressions--equality">Conditional Expressions &amp; Equality</a></li>
<li><a href="#blocks">Blocks</a></li>
<li><a href="#comments">Comments</a></li>
<li><a href="#whitespace">Whitespace</a></li>
<li><a href="#commas">Commas</a></li>
<li><a href="#semicolons">Semicolons</a></li>
<li><a href="#type-casting--coercion">Type Casting &amp; Coercion</a></li>
<li><a href="#naming-conventions">Naming Conventions</a></li>
<li><a href="#accessors">Accessors</a></li>
<li><a href="#constructors">Constructors</a></li>
<li><a href="#events">Events</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules">Modules</a></li>
<li><a href="#jquery">jQuery</a></li>
<li><a href="#ecmascript-5-compatibility">ECMAScript 5 Compatibility</a></li>
<li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li>
<li><a href="#performance">Performance</a></li>
<li><a href="#resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#in-the-wild">In the Wild</a></li>
<li><a href="#translation">Translation</a></li>
<li><a href="#the-javascript-style-guide-guide">The JavaScript Style Guide Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="#chat-with-us-about-javascript">Chat With Us About Javascript</a></li>
<li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li>
<li><a href="#license">License</a></li>
</ol>

<h2>
<a id="types" class="anchor" href="#types" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Types</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Primitives</strong>: When you access a primitive type you work directly on its value.</p>

<ul>
<li><code>string</code></li>
<li><code>number</code></li>
<li><code>boolean</code></li>
<li><code>null</code></li>
<li><code>undefined</code></li>
</ul>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-s">var</span> foo <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">1</span>;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> bar <span class="pl-k">=</span> foo;

bar <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">9</span>;

<span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(foo, bar); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; 1, 9</span></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Complex</strong>: When you access a complex type you work on a reference to its value.</p>

<ul>
<li><code>object</code></li>
<li><code>array</code></li>
<li><code>function</code></li>
</ul>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-s">var</span> foo <span class="pl-k">=</span> [<span class="pl-c1">1</span>, <span class="pl-c1">2</span>];
<span class="pl-s">var</span> bar <span class="pl-k">=</span> foo;

bar[<span class="pl-c1">0</span>] <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">9</span>;

<span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(foo[<span class="pl-c1">0</span>], bar[<span class="pl-c1">0</span>]); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; 9, 9</span></pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="objects" class="anchor" href="#objects" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Objects</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Use the literal syntax for object creation.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> item <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">Object</span>();

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> item <span class="pl-k">=</span> {};</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Don't use <a href="http://es5.github.io/#x7.6.1">reserved words</a> as keys. It won't work in IE8. <a href="https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/issues/61">More info</a>.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> superman <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
  <span class="pl-k">default</span><span class="pl-k">:</span> { clark<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>kent<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> },
  private<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>
};

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> superman <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
  defaults<span class="pl-k">:</span> { clark<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>kent<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> },
  hidden<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>
};</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use readable synonyms in place of reserved words.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> superman <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
  class<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>alien<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
};

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> superman <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
  klass<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>alien<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
};

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> superman <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
  type<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>alien<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
};</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="arrays" class="anchor" href="#arrays" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Arrays</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Use the literal syntax for array creation.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> items <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">Array</span>();

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> items <span class="pl-k">=</span> [];</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>If you don't know array length use Array#push.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-s">var</span> someStack <span class="pl-k">=</span> [];


<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
someStack[someStack.<span class="pl-sc">length</span>] <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>abracadabra<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
someStack.<span class="pl-s3">push</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>abracadabra<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>When you need to copy an array use Array#slice. <a href="http://jsperf.com/converting-arguments-to-an-array/7">jsPerf</a></p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-s">var</span> len <span class="pl-k">=</span> items.<span class="pl-sc">length</span>;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> itemsCopy <span class="pl-k">=</span> [];
<span class="pl-s">var</span> i;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-k">for</span> (i <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>; i <span class="pl-k">&lt;</span> len; i<span class="pl-k">++</span>) {
  itemsCopy[i] <span class="pl-k">=</span> items[i];
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
itemsCopy <span class="pl-k">=</span> items.<span class="pl-s3">slice</span>();</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>To convert an array-like object to an array, use Array#slice.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">trigger</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> args <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s3">Array</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.slice.<span class="pl-s3">call</span>(arguments);
  ...
}</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="strings" class="anchor" href="#strings" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Strings</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Use single quotes <code>''</code> for strings.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> name <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>Bob Parr<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> name <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Bob Parr<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> fullName <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>Bob <span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>.lastName;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> fullName <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Bob <span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>.lastName;</pre></div>
</li>
<li><p>Strings longer than 80 characters should be written across multiple lines using string concatenation.</p></li>
<li>
<p>Note: If overused, long strings with concatenation could impact performance. <a href="http://jsperf.com/ya-string-concat">jsPerf</a> &amp; <a href="https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/issues/40">Discussion</a>.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> errorMessage <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>This is a super long error that was thrown because of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do with this, you would get nowhere fast.<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> errorMessage <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>This is a super long error that was thrown because \</span>
<span class="pl-s1">of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do \</span>
<span class="pl-s1">with this, you would get nowhere \</span>
<span class="pl-s1">fast.<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> errorMessage <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>This is a super long error that was thrown because <span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span>
  <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do <span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span>
  <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>with this, you would get nowhere fast.<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>When programmatically building up a string, use Array#join instead of string concatenation. Mostly for IE: <a href="http://jsperf.com/string-vs-array-concat/2">jsPerf</a>.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-s">var</span> items;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> messages;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> length;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> i;

messages <span class="pl-k">=</span> [{
  state<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>success<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  message<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>This one worked.<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
}, {
  state<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>success<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  message<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>This one worked as well.<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
}, {
  state<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>error<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  message<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>This one did not work.<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
}];

length <span class="pl-k">=</span> messages.<span class="pl-sc">length</span>;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">inbox</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">messages</span>) {
  items <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>&lt;ul&gt;<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

  <span class="pl-k">for</span> (i <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>; i <span class="pl-k">&lt;</span> length; i<span class="pl-k">++</span>) {
    items <span class="pl-k">+=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>&lt;li&gt;<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> messages[i].message <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>&lt;/li&gt;<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;
  }

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> items <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>&lt;/ul&gt;<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">inbox</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">messages</span>) {
  items <span class="pl-k">=</span> [];

  <span class="pl-k">for</span> (i <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>; i <span class="pl-k">&lt;</span> length; i<span class="pl-k">++</span>) {
    items[i] <span class="pl-k">=</span> messages[i].message;
  }

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> items.<span class="pl-s3">join</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>) <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;
}</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="functions" class="anchor" href="#functions" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Functions</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Function expressions:</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// anonymous function expression</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> <span class="pl-en">anonymous</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
};

<span class="pl-c">// named function expression</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> named <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">named</span>() {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
};

<span class="pl-c">// immediately-invoked function expression (IIFE)</span>
(<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Welcome to the Internet. Please follow me.<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
})();</pre></div>
</li>
<li><p>Never declare a function in a non-function block (if, while, etc). Assign the function to a variable instead. Browsers will allow you to do it, but they all interpret it differently, which is bad news bears.</p></li>
<li>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> ECMA-262 defines a <code>block</code> as a list of statements. A function declaration is not a statement. <a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-262.pdf#page=97">Read ECMA-262's note on this issue</a>.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (currentUser) {
  <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">test</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Nope.<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  }
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> test;
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (currentUser) {
  test <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">test</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Yup.<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  };
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Never name a parameter <code>arguments</code>, this will take precedence over the <code>arguments</code> object that is given to every function scope.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">nope</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">name</span>, <span class="pl-vpf">options</span>, <span class="pl-vpf">arguments</span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">yup</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">name</span>, <span class="pl-vpf">options</span>, <span class="pl-vpf">args</span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
}</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="properties" class="anchor" href="#properties" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Properties</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Use dot notation when accessing properties.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-s">var</span> luke <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
  jedi<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>,
  age<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">28</span>
};

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> isJedi <span class="pl-k">=</span> luke[<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>jedi<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>];

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> isJedi <span class="pl-k">=</span> luke.jedi;</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use subscript notation <code>[]</code> when accessing properties with a variable.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-s">var</span> luke <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
  jedi<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>,
  age<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">28</span>
};

<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">getProp</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">prop</span>) {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> luke[prop];
}

<span class="pl-s">var</span> isJedi <span class="pl-k">=</span> getProp(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>jedi<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="variables" class="anchor" href="#variables" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Variables</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Always use <code>var</code> to declare variables. Not doing so will result in global variables. We want to avoid polluting the global namespace. Captain Planet warned us of that.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
superPower <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">SuperPower</span>();

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> superPower <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">SuperPower</span>();</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use one <code>var</code> declaration per variable.
It's easier to add new variable declarations this way, and you never have
to worry about swapping out a <code>;</code> for a <code>,</code> or introducing punctuation-only
diffs. </p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> items <span class="pl-k">=</span> getItems(),
    goSportsTeam <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>,
    dragonball <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>z<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-c">// (compare to above, and try to spot the mistake)</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> items <span class="pl-k">=</span> getItems(),
    goSportsTeam <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
    dragonball <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>z<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> items <span class="pl-k">=</span> getItems();
<span class="pl-s">var</span> goSportsTeam <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> dragonball <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>z<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Declare unassigned variables last. This is helpful when later on you might need to assign a variable depending on one of the previous assigned variables.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> i, len, dragonball,
    items <span class="pl-k">=</span> getItems(),
    goSportsTeam <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> i;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> items <span class="pl-k">=</span> getItems();
<span class="pl-s">var</span> dragonball;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> goSportsTeam <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> len;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> items <span class="pl-k">=</span> getItems();
<span class="pl-s">var</span> goSportsTeam <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> dragonball;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> length;
<span class="pl-s">var</span> i;</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Assign variables at the top of their scope. This helps avoid issues with variable declaration and assignment hoisting related issues.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s3">test</span>();
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>doing stuff..<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);

  <span class="pl-c">//..other stuff..</span>

  <span class="pl-s">var</span> name <span class="pl-k">=</span> getName();

  <span class="pl-k">if</span> (name <span class="pl-k">===</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>test<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>) {
    <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;
  }

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> name;
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> name <span class="pl-k">=</span> getName();

  <span class="pl-s3">test</span>();
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>doing stuff..<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);

  <span class="pl-c">//..other stuff..</span>

  <span class="pl-k">if</span> (name <span class="pl-k">===</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>test<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>) {
    <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;
  }

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> name;
}

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> name <span class="pl-k">=</span> getName();

  <span class="pl-k">if</span> (<span class="pl-k">!</span>arguments.<span class="pl-sc">length</span>) {
    <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;
  }

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-k">if</span> (<span class="pl-k">!</span>arguments.<span class="pl-sc">length</span>) {
    <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;
  }

  <span class="pl-s">var</span> name <span class="pl-k">=</span> getName();

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
}</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="hoisting" class="anchor" href="#hoisting" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Hoisting</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Variable declarations get hoisted to the top of their scope, their assignment does not.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// we know this wouldn't work (assuming there</span>
<span class="pl-c">// is no notDefined global variable)</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">example</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(notDefined); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; throws a ReferenceError</span>
}

<span class="pl-c">// creating a variable declaration after you</span>
<span class="pl-c">// reference the variable will work due to</span>
<span class="pl-c">// variable hoisting. Note: the assignment</span>
<span class="pl-c">// value of `true` is not hoisted.</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">example</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(declaredButNotAssigned); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; undefined</span>
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> declaredButNotAssigned <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
}

<span class="pl-c">// The interpreter is hoisting the variable</span>
<span class="pl-c">// declaration to the top of the scope,</span>
<span class="pl-c">// which means our example could be rewritten as:</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">example</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> declaredButNotAssigned;
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(declaredButNotAssigned); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; undefined</span>
  declaredButNotAssigned <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Anonymous function expressions hoist their variable name, but not the function assignment.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">example</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(anonymous); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; undefined</span>

  anonymous(); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; TypeError anonymous is not a function</span>

  <span class="pl-s">var</span> <span class="pl-en">anonymous</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>anonymous function expression<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  };
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Named function expressions hoist the variable name, not the function name or the function body.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">example</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(named); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; undefined</span>

  named(); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; TypeError named is not a function</span>

  superPower(); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; ReferenceError superPower is not defined</span>

  <span class="pl-s">var</span> named <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">superPower</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Flying<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  };
}

<span class="pl-c">// the same is true when the function name</span>
<span class="pl-c">// is the same as the variable name.</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">example</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(named); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; undefined</span>

  named(); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; TypeError named is not a function</span>

  <span class="pl-s">var</span> named <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">named</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>named<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  }
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Function declarations hoist their name and the function body.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">example</span>() {
  superPower(); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; Flying</span>

  <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">superPower</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Flying<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  }
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li><p>For more information refer to <a href="http://www.adequatelygood.com/2010/2/JavaScript-Scoping-and-Hoisting">JavaScript Scoping &amp; Hoisting</a> by <a href="http://www.adequatelygood.com/">Ben Cherry</a>.</p></li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="conditional-expressions--equality" class="anchor" href="#conditional-expressions--equality" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Conditional Expressions &amp; Equality</h2>

<ul>
<li>Use <code>===</code> and <code>!==</code> over <code>==</code> and <code>!=</code>.</li>
<li>
<p>Conditional expressions are evaluated using coercion with the <code>ToBoolean</code> method and always follow these simple rules:</p>

<ul>
<li>
<strong>Objects</strong> evaluate to <strong>true</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Undefined</strong> evaluates to <strong>false</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Null</strong> evaluates to <strong>false</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Booleans</strong> evaluate to <strong>the value of the boolean</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Numbers</strong> evaluate to <strong>false</strong> if <strong>+0, -0, or NaN</strong>, otherwise <strong>true</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Strings</strong> evaluate to <strong>false</strong> if an empty string <code>''</code>, otherwise <strong>true</strong>
</li>
</ul>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-k">if</span> ([<span class="pl-c1">0</span>]) {
  <span class="pl-c">// true</span>
  <span class="pl-c">// An array is an object, objects evaluate to true</span>
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use shortcuts.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (name <span class="pl-k">!==</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span><span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (name) {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
}

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (collection.<span class="pl-sc">length</span> <span class="pl-k">&gt;</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (collection.<span class="pl-sc">length</span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li><p>For more information see <a href="http://javascriptweblog.wordpress.com/2011/02/07/truth-equality-and-javascript/#more-2108">Truth Equality and JavaScript</a> by Angus Croll.</p></li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="blocks" class="anchor" href="#blocks" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Blocks</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Use braces with all multi-line blocks.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (test)
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (test) <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (test) {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;
}

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() { <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>; }

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;
}</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="comments" class="anchor" href="#comments" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Comments</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Use <code>/** ... */</code> for multiline comments. Include a description, specify types and values for all parameters and return values.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-c">// make() returns a new element</span>
<span class="pl-c">// based on the passed in tag name</span>
<span class="pl-c">//</span>
<span class="pl-c">// @param {String} tag</span>
<span class="pl-c">// @return {Element} element</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">make</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">tag</span>) {

  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> element;
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-c">/**</span>
<span class="pl-c"> * make() returns a new element</span>
<span class="pl-c"> * based on the passed in tag name</span>
<span class="pl-c"> *</span>
<span class="pl-c"> * @param {String} tag</span>
<span class="pl-c"> * @return {Element} element</span>
<span class="pl-c"> */</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">make</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">tag</span>) {

  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> element;
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use <code>//</code> for single line comments. Place single line comments on a newline above the subject of the comment. Put an empty line before the comment.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> active <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;  <span class="pl-c">// is current tab</span>

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-c">// is current tab</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> active <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">getType</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>fetching type...<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  <span class="pl-c">// set the default type to 'no type'</span>
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> type <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>._type <span class="pl-k">||</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>no type<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> type;
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">getType</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>fetching type...<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);

  <span class="pl-c">// set the default type to 'no type'</span>
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> type <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>._type <span class="pl-k">||</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>no type<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> type;
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li><p>Prefixing your comments with <code>FIXME</code> or <code>TODO</code> helps other developers quickly understand if you're pointing out a problem that needs to be revisited, or if you're suggesting a solution to the problem that needs to be implemented. These are different than regular comments because they are actionable. The actions are <code>FIXME -- need to figure this out</code> or <code>TODO -- need to implement</code>.</p></li>
<li>
<p>Use <code>// FIXME:</code> to annotate problems.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">Calculator</span>() {

  <span class="pl-c">// FIXME: shouldn't use a global here</span>
  total <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>;

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>;
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use <code>// TODO:</code> to annotate solutions to problems.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">Calculator</span>() {

  <span class="pl-c">// TODO: total should be configurable by an options param</span>
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>.total <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>;

  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>;
}</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="whitespace" class="anchor" href="#whitespace" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Whitespace</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Use soft tabs set to 2 spaces.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
∙∙∙∙<span class="pl-s">var</span> name;
}

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
∙<span class="pl-s">var</span> name;
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
∙∙<span class="pl-s">var</span> name;
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Place 1 space before the leading brace.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">test</span>(){
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>test<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">test</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>test<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
}

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
dog.set(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>attr<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,{
  age<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>1 year<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  breed<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Bernese Mountain Dog<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
});

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
dog.set(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>attr<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, {
  age<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>1 year<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  breed<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Bernese Mountain Dog<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
});</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Set off operators with spaces.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> x<span class="pl-k">=</span>y<span class="pl-k">+</span><span class="pl-c1">5</span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> x <span class="pl-k">=</span> y <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-c1">5</span>;</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>End files with a single newline character.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
(<span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">global</span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
})(<span class="pl-v">this</span>);</pre></div>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
(<span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">global</span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
})(<span class="pl-v">this</span>);↵
↵</pre></div>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// good</span>
(<span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">global</span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
})(<span class="pl-v">this</span>);↵</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use indentation when making long method chains. Use a leading dot, which
emphasizes that the line is a method call, not a new statement.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
$(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>#items<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).<span class="pl-s3">find</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.selected<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).highlight().end().<span class="pl-s3">find</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.open<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).updateCount();

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
$(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>#items<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).
  <span class="pl-s3">find</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>selected<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).
    highlight().
    end().
  <span class="pl-s3">find</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.open<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).
    updateCount();

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
$(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>#items<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>)
  .<span class="pl-s3">find</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.selected<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>)
    .highlight()
    .end()
  .<span class="pl-s3">find</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.open<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>)
    .updateCount();

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> leds <span class="pl-k">=</span> stage.selectAll(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.led<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).<span class="pl-sc">data</span>(data).enter().append(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>svg:svg<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).class(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>led<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, <span class="pl-c1">true</span>)
    .attr(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>width<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,  (radius <span class="pl-k">+</span> margin) <span class="pl-k">*</span> <span class="pl-c1">2</span>).append(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>svg:g<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>)
    .attr(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>transform<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>translate(<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> (radius <span class="pl-k">+</span> margin) <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>,<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> (radius <span class="pl-k">+</span> margin) <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>)<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>)
    .<span class="pl-s3">call</span>(tron.led);

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> leds <span class="pl-k">=</span> stage.selectAll(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.led<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>)
    .<span class="pl-sc">data</span>(data)
  .enter().append(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>svg:svg<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>)
    .class(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>led<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, <span class="pl-c1">true</span>)
    .attr(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>width<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,  (radius <span class="pl-k">+</span> margin) <span class="pl-k">*</span> <span class="pl-c1">2</span>)
  .append(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>svg:g<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>)
    .attr(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>transform<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>translate(<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> (radius <span class="pl-k">+</span> margin) <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>,<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> (radius <span class="pl-k">+</span> margin) <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>)<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>)
    .<span class="pl-s3">call</span>(tron.led);</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="commas" class="anchor" href="#commas" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Commas</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Leading commas: <strong>Nope.</strong></p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> story <span class="pl-k">=</span> [
    once
  , upon
  , aTime
];

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> story <span class="pl-k">=</span> [
  once,
  upon,
  aTime
];

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> hero <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
    firstName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Bob<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
  , lastName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Parr<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
  , heroName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Mr. Incredible<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
  , superPower<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>strength<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
};

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> hero <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
  firstName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Bob<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  lastName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Parr<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  heroName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Mr. Incredible<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  superPower<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>strength<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
};</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Additional trailing comma: <strong>Nope.</strong> This can cause problems with IE6/7 and IE9 if it's in quirksmode. Also, in some implementations of ES3 would add length to an array if it had an additional trailing comma. This was clarified in ES5 (<a href="http://es5.github.io/#D">source</a>):</p>

<blockquote>
<p>Edition 5 clarifies the fact that a trailing comma at the end of an ArrayInitialiser does not add to the length of the array. This is not a semantic change from Edition 3 but some implementations may have previously misinterpreted this.</p>
</blockquote>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre>  <span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> hero <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
    firstName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Kevin<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
    lastName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Flynn<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  };

  <span class="pl-s">var</span> heroes <span class="pl-k">=</span> [
    <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Batman<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
    <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Superman<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
  ];

  <span class="pl-c">// good</span>
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> hero <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
    firstName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Kevin<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
    lastName<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Flynn<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
  };

  <span class="pl-s">var</span> heroes <span class="pl-k">=</span> [
    <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Batman<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>,
    <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Superman<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
  ];</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="semicolons" class="anchor" href="#semicolons" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Semicolons</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Yup.</strong></p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
(<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> name <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Skywalker<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> name
})()

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
(<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> name <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Skywalker<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> name;
})();

<span class="pl-c">// good (guards against the function becoming an argument when two files with IIFEs are concatenated)</span>
;(<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> name <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Skywalker<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> name;
})();</pre></div>

<p><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/a/7365214/1712802">Read more</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="type-casting--coercion" class="anchor" href="#type-casting--coercion" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Type Casting &amp; Coercion</h2>

<ul>
<li>Perform type coercion at the beginning of the statement.</li>
<li>
<p>Strings:</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">//  =&gt; this.reviewScore = 9;</span>

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> totalScore <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>.reviewScore <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span><span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> totalScore <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span><span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>.reviewScore;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> totalScore <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span><span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>.reviewScore <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span> total score<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> totalScore <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>.reviewScore <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span> total score<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use <code>parseInt</code> for Numbers and always with a radix for type casting.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-s">var</span> inputValue <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>4<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> val <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">Number</span>(inputValue);

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> val <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">+</span>inputValue;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> val <span class="pl-k">=</span> inputValue <span class="pl-k">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> val <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s3">parseInt</span>(inputValue);

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> val <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s3">Number</span>(inputValue);

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> val <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s3">parseInt</span>(inputValue, <span class="pl-c1">10</span>);</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>If for whatever reason you are doing something wild and <code>parseInt</code> is your bottleneck and need to use Bitshift for <a href="http://jsperf.com/coercion-vs-casting/3">performance reasons</a>, leave a comment explaining why and what you're doing.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-c">/**</span>
<span class="pl-c"> * parseInt was the reason my code was slow.</span>
<span class="pl-c"> * Bitshifting the String to coerce it to a</span>
<span class="pl-c"> * Number made it a lot faster.</span>
<span class="pl-c"> */</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> val <span class="pl-k">=</span> inputValue <span class="pl-k">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>;</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Be careful when using bitshift operations. Numbers are represented as <a href="http://es5.github.io/#x4.3.19">64-bit values</a>, but Bitshift operations always return a 32-bit integer (<a href="http://es5.github.io/#x11.7">source</a>). Bitshift can lead to unexpected behavior for integer values larger than 32 bits. <a href="https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/issues/109">Discussion</a>. Largest signed 32-bit Int is 2,147,483,647:</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c1">2147483647</span> <span class="pl-k">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span> <span class="pl-c">//=&gt; 2147483647</span>
<span class="pl-c1">2147483648</span> <span class="pl-k">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span> <span class="pl-c">//=&gt; -2147483648</span>
<span class="pl-c1">2147483649</span> <span class="pl-k">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span> <span class="pl-c">//=&gt; -2147483647</span></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Booleans:</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-s">var</span> age <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>;

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> hasAge <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">Boolean</span>(age);

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> hasAge <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s3">Boolean</span>(age);

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> hasAge <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">!!</span>age;</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="naming-conventions" class="anchor" href="#naming-conventions" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Naming Conventions</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Avoid single letter names. Be descriptive with your naming.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">q</span>() {
  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">query</span>() {
  <span class="pl-c">// ..stuff..</span>
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use camelCase when naming objects, functions, and instances.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> OBJEcttsssss <span class="pl-k">=</span> {};
<span class="pl-s">var</span> this_is_my_object <span class="pl-k">=</span> {};
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">c</span>() {}
<span class="pl-s">var</span> u <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">user</span>({
  name<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Bob Parr<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
});

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> thisIsMyObject <span class="pl-k">=</span> {};
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">thisIsMyFunction</span>() {}
<span class="pl-s">var</span> user <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">User</span>({
  name<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Bob Parr<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
});</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use PascalCase when naming constructors or classes.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">user</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">options</span>) {
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>.<span class="pl-sc">name</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> options.<span class="pl-sc">name</span>;
}

<span class="pl-s">var</span> bad <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">user</span>({
  name<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>nope<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
});

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">User</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">options</span>) {
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>.<span class="pl-sc">name</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> options.<span class="pl-sc">name</span>;
}

<span class="pl-s">var</span> good <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">User</span>({
  name<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>yup<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
});</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use a leading underscore <code>_</code> when naming private properties.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-v">this</span>.__firstName__ <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Panda<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;
<span class="pl-v">this</span>.firstName_ <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Panda<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-v">this</span>._firstName <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Panda<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>When saving a reference to <code>this</code> use <code>_this</code>.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> self <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>;
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(self);
  };
}

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> that <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>;
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(that);
  };
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> _this <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>;
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(_this);
  };
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Name your functions. This is helpful for stack traces.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> <span class="pl-en">log</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">msg</span>) {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(msg);
};

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> log <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">log</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">msg</span>) {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(msg);
};</pre></div>
</li>
<li><p><strong>Note:</strong> IE8 and below exhibit some quirks with named function expressions.  See <a href="http://kangax.github.io/nfe/">http://kangax.github.io/nfe/</a> for more info.</p></li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="accessors" class="anchor" href="#accessors" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Accessors</h2>

<ul>
<li>Accessor functions for properties are not required.</li>
<li>
<p>If you do make accessor functions use getVal() and setVal('hello').</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
dragon.age();

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
dragon.getAge();

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
dragon.age(<span class="pl-c1">25</span>);

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
dragon.setAge(<span class="pl-c1">25</span>);</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>If the property is a boolean, use isVal() or hasVal().</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (<span class="pl-k">!</span>dragon.age()) {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-k">if</span> (<span class="pl-k">!</span>dragon.hasAge()) {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span>;
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>It's okay to create get() and set() functions, but be consistent.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">Jedi</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">options</span>) {
  options <span class="pl-k">||</span> (options <span class="pl-k">=</span> {});
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> lightsaber <span class="pl-k">=</span> options.lightsaber <span class="pl-k">||</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>blue<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>.set(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>lightsaber<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, lightsaber);
}

<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">set</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">key</span>, <span class="pl-vpf">val</span>) {
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>[key] <span class="pl-k">=</span> val;
};

<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">get</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">key</span>) {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>[key];
};</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="constructors" class="anchor" href="#constructors" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Constructors</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Assign methods to the prototype object, instead of overwriting the prototype with a new object. Overwriting the prototype makes inheritance impossible: by resetting the prototype you'll overwrite the base!</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">Jedi</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>new jedi<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
}

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> {
  fight<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">fight</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>fighting<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  },

  block<span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">block</span>() {
    <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>blocking<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  }
};

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">fight</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">fight</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>fighting<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
};

<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">block</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">block</span>() {
  <span class="pl-en">console</span><span class="pl-s3">.log</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>blocking<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
};</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Methods can return <code>this</code> to help with method chaining.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">jump</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>.jumping <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
};

<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">setHeight</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">height</span>) {
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>.<span class="pl-sc">height</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> height;
};

<span class="pl-s">var</span> luke <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">Jedi</span>();
luke.jump(); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; true</span>
luke.setHeight(<span class="pl-c1">20</span>); <span class="pl-c">// =&gt; undefined</span>

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">jump</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>.jumping <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>;
};

<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">setHeight</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">height</span>) {
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>.<span class="pl-sc">height</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> height;
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>;
};

<span class="pl-s">var</span> luke <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-en">Jedi</span>();

luke.jump()
  .setHeight(<span class="pl-c1">20</span>);</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>It's okay to write a custom toString() method, just make sure it works successfully and causes no side effects.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">Jedi</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">options</span>) {
  options <span class="pl-k">||</span> (options <span class="pl-k">=</span> {});
  <span class="pl-v">this</span>.<span class="pl-sc">name</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> options.<span class="pl-sc">name</span> <span class="pl-k">||</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>no name<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;
}

<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">getName</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">getName</span>() {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>.<span class="pl-sc">name</span>;
};

<span class="pl-s3">Jedi</span>.<span class="pl-sc">prototype</span>.<span class="pl-en">toString</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">toString</span>() {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>Jedi - <span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">+</span> <span class="pl-v">this</span>.getName();
};</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="events" class="anchor" href="#events" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Events</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>When attaching data payloads to events (whether DOM events or something more proprietary like Backbone events), pass a hash instead of a raw value. This allows a subsequent contributor to add more data to the event payload without finding and updating every handler for the event. For example, instead of:</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-js"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
$(<span class="pl-v">this</span>).trigger(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>listingUpdated<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, listing.<span class="pl-sc">id</span>);

...

$(<span class="pl-v">this</span>).on(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>listingUpdated<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, <span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">e</span>, <span class="pl-vpf">listingId</span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// do something with listingId</span>
});</pre></div>

<p>prefer:</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-js"><pre><span class="pl-c">// good</span>
$(<span class="pl-v">this</span>).trigger(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>listingUpdated<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, { listingId <span class="pl-k">:</span> listing.<span class="pl-sc">id</span> });

...

$(<span class="pl-v">this</span>).on(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>listingUpdated<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, <span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">e</span>, <span class="pl-vpf">data</span>) {
  <span class="pl-c">// do something with data.listingId</span>
});</pre></div>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>
</li>
</ul>

<h2>
<a id="modules" class="anchor" href="#modules" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Modules</h2>

<ul>
<li>The module should start with a <code>!</code>. This ensures that if a malformed module forgets to include a final semicolon there aren't errors in production when the scripts get concatenated. <a href="https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/issues/44#issuecomment-13063933">Explanation</a>
</li>
<li>The file should be named with camelCase, live in a folder with the same name, and match the name of the single export.</li>
<li>Add a method called <code>noConflict()</code> that sets the exported module to the previous version and returns this one.</li>
<li>
<p>Always declare <code>'use strict';</code> at the top of the module.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// fancyInput/fancyInput.js</span>

<span class="pl-k">!</span><span class="pl-st">function</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">global</span>) {
  <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>use strict<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>;

  <span class="pl-s">var</span> previousFancyInput <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-sv">global</span>.FancyInput;

  <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">FancyInput</span>(<span class="pl-vpf">options</span>) {
    <span class="pl-v">this</span>.<span class="pl-sc">options</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> options <span class="pl-k">||</span> {};
  }

  FancyInput.noConflict <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">noConflict</span>() {
    <span class="pl-sv">global</span>.FancyInput <span class="pl-k">=</span> previousFancyInput;
    <span class="pl-k">return</span> FancyInput;
  };

  <span class="pl-sv">global</span>.FancyInput <span class="pl-k">=</span> FancyInput;
}(<span class="pl-v">this</span>);</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="jquery" class="anchor" href="#jquery" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>jQuery</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p>Prefix jQuery object variables with a <code>$</code>.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> sidebar <span class="pl-k">=</span> $(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.sidebar<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-s">var</span> $sidebar <span class="pl-k">=</span> $(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.sidebar<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);</pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Cache jQuery lookups.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">setSidebar</span>() {
  $(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.sidebar<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).hide();

  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>

  $(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.sidebar<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).css({
    <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>background-color<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span><span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>pink<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
  });
}

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
<span class="pl-st">function</span> <span class="pl-en">setSidebar</span>() {
  <span class="pl-s">var</span> $sidebar <span class="pl-k">=</span> $(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.sidebar<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>);
  $sidebar.hide();

  <span class="pl-c">// ...stuff...</span>

  $sidebar.css({
    <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>background-color<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span><span class="pl-k">:</span> <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>pink<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>
  });
}</pre></div>
</li>
<li><p>For DOM queries use Cascading <code>$('.sidebar ul')</code> or parent &gt; child <code>$('.sidebar &gt; ul')</code>. <a href="http://jsperf.com/jquery-find-vs-context-sel/16">jsPerf</a></p></li>
<li>
<p>Use <code>find</code> with scoped jQuery object queries.</p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
$(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>ul<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>, <span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.sidebar<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).hide();

<span class="pl-c">// bad</span>
$(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.sidebar<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).<span class="pl-s3">find</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>ul<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).hide();

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
$(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.sidebar ul<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).hide();

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
$(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>.sidebar &gt; ul<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).hide();

<span class="pl-c">// good</span>
$sidebar.<span class="pl-s3">find</span>(<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>ul<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span>).hide();</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="ecmascript-5-compatibility" class="anchor" href="#ecmascript-5-compatibility" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>ECMAScript 5 Compatibility</h2>

<ul>
<li>Refer to <a href="https://twitter.com/kangax/">Kangax</a>'s ES5 <a href="http://kangax.github.com/es5-compat-table/">compatibility table</a>.</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="testing" class="anchor" href="#testing" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Testing</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Yup.</strong></p>

<div class="highlight highlight-javascript"><pre><span class="pl-st">function</span>() {
  <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">true</span>;
}</pre></div>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="performance" class="anchor" href="#performance" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Performance</h2>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://kellegous.com/j/2013/01/26/layout-performance/">On Layout &amp; Web Performance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://jsperf.com/string-vs-array-concat/2">String vs Array Concat</a></li>
<li><a href="http://jsperf.com/try-catch-in-loop-cost">Try/Catch Cost In a Loop</a></li>
<li><a href="http://jsperf.com/bang-function">Bang Function</a></li>
<li><a href="http://jsperf.com/jquery-find-vs-context-sel/13">jQuery Find vs Context, Selector</a></li>
<li><a href="http://jsperf.com/innerhtml-vs-textcontent-for-script-text">innerHTML vs textContent for script text</a></li>
<li><a href="http://jsperf.com/ya-string-concat">Long String Concatenation</a></li>
<li>Loading...</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<h2>
<a id="resources" class="anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Resources</h2>

<p><strong>Read This</strong></p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://es5.github.com/">Annotated ECMAScript 5.1</a></li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Tools</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Code Style Linters

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.jshint.com/">JSHint</a> - <a href="https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/blob/master/linters/jshintrc">Airbnb Style .jshintrc</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/jscs-dev/node-jscs">JSCS</a> - <a href="https://github.com/jscs-dev/node-jscs/blob/master/presets/airbnb.json">Airbnb Style Preset</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Other Styleguides</strong></p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/javascriptguide.xml">Google JavaScript Style Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.jquery.com/JQuery_Core_Style_Guidelines">jQuery Core Style Guidelines</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/rwldrn/idiomatic.js/">Principles of Writing Consistent, Idiomatic JavaScript</a></li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Other Styles</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://gist.github.com/4135065">Naming this in nested functions</a> - Christian Johansen</li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/issues/52">Conditional Callbacks</a> - Ross Allen</li>
<li>
<a href="http://sideeffect.kr/popularconvention/#javascript">Popular JavaScript Coding Conventions on Github</a> - JeongHoon Byun</li>
<li>
<a href="http://benalman.com/news/2012/05/multiple-var-statements-javascript/">Multiple var statements in JavaScript, not superfluous</a> - Ben Alman</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Further Reading</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://javascriptweblog.wordpress.com/2010/10/25/understanding-javascript-closures/">Understanding JavaScript Closures</a> - Angus Croll</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.2ality.com/2013/06/basic-javascript.html">Basic JavaScript for the impatient programmer</a> - Dr. Axel Rauschmayer</li>
<li>
<a href="http://youmightnotneedjquery.com/">You Might Not Need jQuery</a> - Zack Bloom &amp; Adam Schwartz</li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/lukehoban/es6features">ES6 Features</a> - Luke Hoban</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Books</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Good-Parts-Douglas-Crockford/dp/0596517742">JavaScript: The Good Parts</a> - Douglas Crockford</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Patterns-Stoyan-Stefanov/dp/0596806752">JavaScript Patterns</a> - Stoyan Stefanov</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Design-Patterns-Recipes-Problem-Solution/dp/159059908X">Pro JavaScript Design Patterns</a>  - Ross Harmes and Dustin Diaz</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/High-Performance-Web-Sites-Essential/dp/0596529309">High Performance Web Sites: Essential Knowledge for Front-End Engineers</a> - Steve Souders</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Maintainable-JavaScript-Nicholas-C-Zakas/dp/1449327680">Maintainable JavaScript</a> - Nicholas C. Zakas</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Web-Applications-Alex-MacCaw/dp/144930351X">JavaScript Web Applications</a> - Alex MacCaw</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Pro-JavaScript-Techniques-John-Resig/dp/1590597273">Pro JavaScript Techniques</a> - John Resig</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Smashing-Node-js-JavaScript-Everywhere-Magazine/dp/1119962595">Smashing Node.js: JavaScript Everywhere</a> - Guillermo Rauch</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Secrets-JavaScript-Ninja-John-Resig/dp/193398869X">Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja</a> - John Resig and Bear Bibeault</li>
<li>
<a href="http://humanjavascript.com/">Human JavaScript</a> - Henrik Joreteg</li>
<li>
<a href="http://superherojs.com/">Superhero.js</a> - Kim Joar Bekkelund, Mads Mobæk, &amp; Olav Bjorkoy</li>
<li>
<a href="http://jsbooks.revolunet.com/">JSBooks</a> - Julien Bouquillon</li>
<li>
<a href="http://manning.com/vinegar/">Third Party JavaScript</a> - Ben Vinegar and Anton Kovalyov</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Blogs</strong></p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://dailyjs.com/">DailyJS</a></li>
<li><a href="http://javascriptweekly.com/">JavaScript Weekly</a></li>
<li><a href="http://javascriptweblog.wordpress.com/">JavaScript, JavaScript...</a></li>
<li><a href="http://weblog.bocoup.com/">Bocoup Weblog</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.adequatelygood.com/">Adequately Good</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.nczonline.net/">NCZOnline</a></li>
<li><a href="http://perfectionkills.com/">Perfection Kills</a></li>
<li><a href="http://benalman.com/">Ben Alman</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dmitry.baranovskiy.com/">Dmitry Baranovskiy</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dustindiaz.com/">Dustin Diaz</a></li>
<li><a href="http://net.tutsplus.com/?s=javascript">nettuts</a></li>
</ul>

<p><strong><a href="#table-of-contents">⬆ back to top</a></strong></p>

<a id="the-javascript-style-guide-guide" class="anchor" href="#the-javascript-style-guide-guide" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>The JavaScript Style Guide Guide</h2>


<h2>
<a id="license" class="anchor" href="#license" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>License</h2>

<p>(The MIT License)</p>

<p>Copyright (c) 2014 Airbnb</p>

<p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:</p>

<p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>

<p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</p>

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