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Merge pull request rust-lang#28425 from brson/beta-next
1.3 release notes (beta)
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‎RELEASES.md

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Version 1.3.0 (September 2015)
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==============================
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* ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes
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Highlights
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----------
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* The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
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on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change. Now types
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like `&'a Box<Trait>` (or `&'a Rc<Trait>`, etc) will change from
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being interpreted as `&'a Box<Trait+'a>` to `&'a
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Box<Trait+'static>`.
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* [The Rustonomicon][nom] is a new book in the official documentation
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that dives into writing unsafe Rust.
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* The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds]. This basic unit of
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timekeeping is employed by other std APIs, as well as out-of-tree
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time crates.
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Breaking Changes
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----------------
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* The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
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on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
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* There is a known [regression][lr] in how object lifetime elision is
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interpreted, the proper solution for which is undetermined.
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* The `#[prelude_import]` attribute, an internal implementation
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detail, was accidentally stabilized previously. [It has been put
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behind the `prelude_import` feature gate][pi]. This change is
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believed to break no existing code.
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* The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
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[more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
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the previous behavior is thought to be broken.
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* The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
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destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
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[RFC][dropckrfc]. This fixes some soundness holes, and as such will
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cause some previously-compiling code to no longer build.
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Language
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--------
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* The [new object lifetime defaults][nold] have been [turned
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on][nold2] after a cycle of warnings about the change.
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* Semicolons may [now follow types and paths in
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macros](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27000).
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* The behavior of [`size_of_val`][dst1] and [`align_of_val`][dst2] is
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[more sane for dynamically sized types][dst3]. Code that relied on
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the previous behavior is not known to exist, and suspected to be
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broken.
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* `'static` variables [may now be recursive][st].
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* `ref` bindings choose between [`Deref`] and [`DerefMut`]
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implementations correctly.
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* The `dropck` rules, which checks that destructors can't access
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destroyed values, [have been updated][dropck] to match the
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[RFC][dropckrfc].
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Libraries
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---------
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* The [`Duration`] API, [has been stabilized][ds], as well as the
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`std::time` module, which presently contains only `Duration`.
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* `Box<str>` and `Box<[T]>` both implement `Clone`.
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* The owned C string, [`CString`], implements [`Borrow`] and the
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borrowed C string, [`CStr`], implements [`ToOwned`]. The two of
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these allow C strings to be borrowed and cloned in generic code.
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* [`CStr`] implements [`Debug`].
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* [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Debug`].
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* [`Error`] trait objects [can be downcast to their concrete types][e]
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in many common configurations, using the [`is`], [`downcast`],
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[`downcast_ref`] and [`downcast_mut`] methods, similarly to the
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[`Any`] trait.
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* Searching for substrings now [employs the two-way algorithm][search]
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instead of doing a naive search. This gives major speedups to a
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number of methods, including [`contains`][sc], [`find`][sf],
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[`rfind`][srf], [`split`][ss]. [`starts_with`][ssw] and
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[`ends_with`][sew] are also faster.
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* The performance of `PartialEq` for slices is [much faster][ps].
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* The [`Hash`] trait offers the default method, [`hash_slice`], which
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is overridden and optimized by the implementations for scalars.
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* The [`Hasher`] trait now has a number of specialized `write_*`
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methods for primitive types, for efficiency.
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* The I/O-specific error type, [`std::io::Error`][ie], gained a set of
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methods for accessing the 'inner error', if any: [`get_ref`][iegr],
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[`get_mut`][iegm], [`into_inner`][ieii]. As well, the implementation
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of [`std::error::Error::cause`][iec] also delegates to the inner
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error.
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* [`process::Child`][pc] gained the [`id`] method, which returns a
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`u32` representing the platform-specific process identifier.
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* The [`connect`] method on slices is deprecated, replaced by the new
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[`join`] method (note that both of these are on the *unstable*
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[`SliceConcatExt`] trait, but through the magic of the prelude are
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available to stable code anyway).
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* The [`Div`] operator is implemented for [`Wrapping`] types.
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* [`DerefMut` is implemented for `String`][dms].
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* Performance of SipHash (the default hasher for `HashMap`) is
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[better for long data][sh].
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* [`AtomicPtr`] implements [`Send`].
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* The [`read_to_end`] implementations for [`Stdin`] and [`File`]
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are now [specialized to use uninitalized buffers for increased
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performance][rte].
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* Lifetime parameters of foreign functions [are now resolved
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properly][f].
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Misc
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----
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* Rust can now, with some coercion, [produce programs that run on
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Windows XP][xp], though XP is not considered a supported platform.
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* Porting Rust on Windows from the GNU toolchain to MSVC continues
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([1][win1], [2][win2], [3][win3], [4][win4]). It is still not
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recommended for use in 1.3, though should be fully-functional
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in the [64-bit 1.4 beta][b14].
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* On Fedora-based systems installation will [properly configure the
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dynamic linker][fl].
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* The compiler gained many new extended error descriptions, which can
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be accessed with the `--explain` flag.
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* The `dropck` pass, which checks that destructors can't access
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destroyed values, [has been rewritten][dropck]. This fixes some
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soundness holes, and as such will cause some previously-compiling
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code to no longer build.
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* `rustc` now uses [LLVM to write archive files where possible][ar].
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Eventually this will eliminate the compiler's dependency on the ar
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utility.
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* Rust has [preliminary support for i686 FreeBSD][fb] (it has long
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supported FreeBSD on x86_64).
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* The [`unused_mut`][lum], [`unconditional_recursion`][lur],
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[`improper_ctypes`][lic], and [`negate_unsigned`][lnu] lints are
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more strict.
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* If landing pads are disabled (with `-Z no-landing-pads`), [`panic!`
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will kill the process instead of leaking][nlp].
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[`Any`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/any/trait.Any.html
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[`AtomicPtr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/sync/atomic/struct.AtomicPtr.html
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[`Borrow`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.Borrow.html
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[`CStr`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html
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[`CString`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ffi/struct.CString.html
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[`Debug`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fmt/trait.Debug.html
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[`DerefMut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.DerefMut.html
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[`Deref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Deref.html
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[`Div`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ops/trait.Div.html
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[`Duration`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/time/struct.Duration.html
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[`Error`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html
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[`File`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/fs/struct.File.html
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[`Hash`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html
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[`Hasher`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html
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[`Send`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/marker/trait.Send.html
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[`SliceConcatExt`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html
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[`Stdin`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Stdin.html
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[`ToOwned`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/borrow/trait.ToOwned.html
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[`Wrapping`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.Wrapping.html
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[`connect`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.connect
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[`downcast_mut`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_mut
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[`downcast_ref`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast_ref
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[`downcast`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.downcast
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[`hash_slice`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
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[`id`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html#method.id
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[`is`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/error/trait.Error.html#method.is
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[`join`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/slice/trait.SliceConcatExt.html#method.join
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[`read_to_end`]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/trait.Read.html#method.read_to_end
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[ar]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26926
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[b14]: https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-beta-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.msi
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[dms]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26241
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[dropck]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27261
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[dropckrfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0769-sound-generic-drop.md
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[ds]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26818
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[dst1]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html
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[dst2]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html
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[dst3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27351
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[e]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24793
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[f]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26588
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[fb]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26959
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[fl]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-installer/pull/41
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[hs]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/hash/trait.Hash.html#method.hash_slice
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[ie]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html
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[iec]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.cause
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[iegm]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_mut
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[iegr]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.get_ref
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[ieii]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/struct.Error.html#method.into_inner
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[lic]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26583
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[lnu]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27026
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[lr]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/27248
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[lum]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26378
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[lur]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26783
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[nlp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27176
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[nold2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27045
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[nold]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/1156-adjust-default-object-bounds.md
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[nom]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/
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[pc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/process/struct.Child.html
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[pi]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26699
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[ps]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26884
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[rte]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26950
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[sc]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.contains
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[search]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26327
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[sew]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.ends_with
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[sf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.find
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[sh]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27280
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[srf]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.rfind
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[ss]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.split
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[ssw]: http://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html#method.starts_with
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[st]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26630
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[win1]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
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[win2]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
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[win3]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26741
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[win4]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/27210
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[xp]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/26569
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Version 1.2.0 (August 2015)
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===========================
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