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uart-to-ttl-adapter.md

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UART-to-TTL adapter

Theory

A UART-to-TTL adapter is used to interface with UART communication ports, commonly found in embedded systems, by converting TTL (3.3V or 5V) signals to USB for interaction with a computer. The UART protocol uses three key pins: TX (Transmit), RX (Receive), and GND (Ground). The TX pin sends data from the device, RX receives data, and GND ensures a common reference for signal integrity. Correctly matching voltage levels (3.3V or 5V) between the adapter and the target device is crucial to prevent damage during communication.

Usage

  • Open your serial terminal software and configure the following settings:
    • Baud Rate: Most popular values are 9600 and 115200, or as specified in the device’s documentation (picocom also has a feature to adjust the baud rate on the fly (check docs)).
      • more common baud rates: 4800, 19200, 38400, 57600, 230400, 460800, 921600
  • There are more settings you have to figure out, but the most common ones are these:
    • Data Bits: 8
    • Parity: None
    • Stop Bits: 1
    • Flow Control: None

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Linux" %}

sudo minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 115200
sudo picocom -b 115200 -r -l /dev/ttyUSB0

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Windows" %} Using PuTTY (Windows):

  • Select “Serial” and enter the COM port (e.g., COM3) and baud rate (115200). {% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

UART-TTL adapter are usually pretty cheap ($10) and compact like this model:

FT232-AZ USB to TTL serial adapter

Hint:

If you console looks like this, you probably have the wrong baud rate set:

False baud rate set

Resources

https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2019/12/11/rs232-vs-ttl-beginner-guide-to-serial-communication/