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Symbiote Malware Detection

Guidelines for detecting and disabling Symbiote malware on Linux. Check this article for other filenames used and more detailed information.

First steps

Due to the malware's ability to tamper syscalls by hooking system libraries, you can't rely on dynamically compiled tools (e.g. your regular ls, find and such). Download the pre-compiled and static linked busybox to workaround this problem:

$ curl -s https://busybox.net/downloads/binaries/1.35.0-i686-linux-musl/busybox -o busybox && chmod +x busybox && ./busybox | head -n1 
BusyBox v1.35.0 (2022-01-17 18:45:13 CET) multi-call binary.

There's more than one version of this malware and I've seen two of them, each with it's set of filenames. But three things are certain:

1) C Headers (.h) files should never be of filetype "data":

Look for these files in your system by running the command below and if it outputs you any .h file having data type, it's almost certain it contains captured ssh credentials

(run all commands below as the root user)

$ ./busybox find / -type f -iname "*.h" -exec file {} \; | /busybox grep ": data"
/usr/include/linux/usb/usb.h: data

Up to now, I'm aware of two of these files:

  • /usr/include/linux/usb/usb.h (from an older version - check the decoder in this repository)
  • /usr/include/certbot.h

2) If you don't know why you have a /etc/ld.so.preload file, you probably shouldn't have one:

$ ./busybox cat /etc/ld.so.preload
/lib64/init.so

If you remove the preload file, your regular dynamically linked binaries may work again, but they're not trustworthy anymore. You may also remove the library pointed by it (don't forget to copy to a backup for later analysis, if needed).

3) Your libraries shouldn't have the string "rootkit" in it:

$ ./busybox strings /lib64/init.so | ./busybox grep "rootkit"
rootkit.c

By now if any of this commands returned output indicating the presence of the Symbiote, you may rename your host to eddie_brock :)

Processes

Use busybox to look for processes:

$ ./busybox ps aux | ./busybox grep -E "kernelconfig|kerneldev|dbuss|watchdog/0"

Also check for programs in listener mode on some high port.

$ ./busybox netstat -lpa | ./busybox grep -E "kernelconfig|kerneldev|dbuss"

File collecting for analysis

It's recommended that you backup any malware related file, specially the .h files with captured credentials. Don't forget to use busybox's cp with the -p switch to preserve files' stat information. This may give you precious tips on the timeline of events, like since when it's there and when it was last modified.