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<h2 id=OpenBSD>
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<i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
5.1
</h2>

<table>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="images/Bugbusters.jpg">
<img width="227" height="343" src="images/Bugbusters.jpg" alt="Bugbusters"></a>
<td>
Released May 1, 2012<br>
Copyright 1997-2012, Theo de Raadt.<br>
<cite class=isbn>ISBN 978-0-9784475-9-5</cite>
<br>
5.1 Song: <a href="lyrics.html#51">"Bug Busters"</a>
<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
    a list of mirror machines.
<li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/5.1/</code> directory on
    one of the mirror sites.
<li>Have a look at <a href="errata51.html">The 5.1 Errata page</a> for a list
    of bugs and workarounds.
<li>See a <a href="plus51.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
    5.0 and 5.1 releases.
</ul>
<p>
All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
files fetched via <code>ports.tar.gz</code>.
</table>

<hr>

<section id=new>
<h3>What's New</h3>
<p>
This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 5.1.
For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus51.html">changelog</a> leading
to 5.1.
<p>

<ul>
<li>Improved hardware support, including:
    <ul>
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/umsm.4">umsm(4)</a> supports additional mobile broadband devices.
    <li>Non-GigE <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ale.4">ale(4)</a> devices can now establish link to a GigE link partner.
    <li>Support for Intel 82580 has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/em.4">em(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for MegaRAID 9240 has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mfi.4">mfi(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for Nuvoton NCT6776F has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/lm.4">lm(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for Centrino Advanced-N 6205 has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwn.4">iwn(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for SiS 1182/1183 SATA has been added to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pciide.4">pciide(4)</a>.
    <li>Support for Synaptics touch pads through the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/synaptics.4">synaptics(4)</a> X.Org input driver is now enabled by default.
    <li>Support for Intel Sandy Bridge integrated graphics cards has been added to the <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/intel.4">intel(4)</a> X.Org driver.
    <li>Assembler implementation of the AES-GCM mode for new Intel and future AMD CPUs has been added.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/usb.4">usb(4)</a> probes bus after resume, improves functionality for some laptops.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Generic network stack improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>RFC4638 MTU negotiation for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pppoe.4">pppoe(4)</a>.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppdctl.8">npppdctl(8)</a> replaced with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppctl.8">npppctl(8)</a>, written from scratch. Includes support for IPv6 as tunnel source address.
    <li>Improve performance (throughput and loss rate) for PPTP, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pppd.8">pppd(8)</a> or L2TP(/IPsec) on unstable latency networks (eg mobile).
    <li>Improved IPv6 fragment handling.
    <li>Many robustness improvements for IEEE 802.11 (particularly hostap).
    <li>Improved vlan priority support, including mapping to interface queues.
    <li>Initial rdomains support for IPv6.
    <li>Robustness improvements for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/carp.4">carp(4)</a>.
    <li>Various IPv6 and rdomain related improvements for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/carp.4">carp(4)</a>.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
    <ul>
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fstat.8">fstat(8)</a> now displays routing table ID and socket-splicing information and ps can display routing table ID.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/traceroute.8">traceroute(8)</a> and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/traceroute6.8">traceroute6(8)</a> can look up ASNs for each hop.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmpd.8">snmpd(8)</a> adds a MIB to show statistics for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/carp.4">carp(4)</a> interfaces.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpctl.8">bgpctl(8)</a> parses and display MRT routing table dumps.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpd.8">ntpd(8)</a> supports multiple rdomains.
    <li>When <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a> detects route socket overflow, it now delays before it reloads the fib.
    <li>Improved and more consistent ToS support in various network tools
        (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpbench.8">tcpbench(8)</a>, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/nc.8">nc(8)</a>, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pingt.8">ping(8)</a>, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/traceroute.8">traceroute(8)</a>).
    <li>Initial import of <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/login_yubikey.8">login_yubikey(8)</a> for logging in using yubikeys.
    </ul>
<p>

<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a> improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>One-shot rule support for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a>, for use with proxies via anchors.
    <li>NAT64 support in PF using the <b>af-to</b> keyword.
    <li>Much improved IPv6 fragment handling.
    <li>Various enhancements with ICMP and especially ICMPv6 states
    <li>Improved IPv6 Neighbor Discovery and Multicast Listener Discovery handling.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a> now prints port numbers instead of service names by default.
    <li>Netflow v9 and ipfix support for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pflow.4">pflow(4)</a>.
    <li>Many <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfsync.4">pfsync(4)</a> fixes and improvements including jumbo frames and automatically requesting a bulk update after a physical interface comes online.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Assorted improvements:
    <ul>
    <li>Improved locale support.
    <li>Support for MSG_NOSIGNAL.
    <li>KERN_PROC_CWD <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysctl.3">sysctl(3)</a> for fetching the path to a process's working directory.
    <li>Improved <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fnmatch.3">fnmatch(3)</a>, <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/glob.3">glob(3)</a>, and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/regcomp.3">regcomp(3)</a> implementations to resist
        DoS attacks.
    <li>Lots of HISTORY and AUTHORS information added to manpages.
    <li>Improved checking of file-offset wraparound.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pwrite.2">pwrite(2)</a>/<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pwritev.2">pwritev(2)</a> now correctly by ignored O_APPEND.
    <li>Improved conformance of header files with standards.
    <li>Improved cancellation support in both user-threads (libpthread) and rthreads.
    <li>Improved correctness of execing, coredumping, signal delivery,
        alternate signal stacks, blocking socket accepts(), mutexes and
        condition variables, per-thread errno, symbol binding, and
        ktracing when rthreads are in use.
    <li>Architecture-independent kernel support for thread-control-block
        handling for rthreads.
    <li>Small improvements to Linux compat (only available on i386).
    <li>Multiple bugs have been fixed in the Intel 10Gb driver <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ix.4">ix(4)</a>.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> now supports a concatenating discipline.
    <li>On amd64, i386, and sparc64, the root filesystem can reside in a <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> volume. The kernel needs to be booted from a non-softraid partition.
    <li>On amd64, the system can be booted from a <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/softraid.4">softraid(4)</a> RAID1 volume.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aucat.1">aucat(1)</a> adds a "device number" component in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndio.7">sndio(7)</a> device names, allowing a single aucat instance to handle all audio and MIDI services.
    <li>Built-in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a> sound daemon now uses default rate 48kHz and the default block size 10ms. These settings ensure video players and programs using MTC are smooth by default.
    <li>Many updates to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>: a new scheduler_backend API introduced, more MIME 1.0 support added, new filter callbacks for network events, improved DNS error reporting and envelope handling, and the purge/ directory is now cleared via a privilege-separated child.
    <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> is extended to support a larger history, minimizes redundant log messages and does some code reordering for more local and less global variables. Support is added for the ESC[s and ESC[u save/restore cursor-position key sequences. $HOME (or ~) may now be used as default-path in tmux.conf.
    <li>Enhanced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cwm.1">cwm(1)</a> event support, added {r,}cycleingroup to cycle through clients belonging to the same group as the active client, simplified color initialization.
    <li>The <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mg.1">mg(1)</a> emacs-like editor: now uses absolute filenames while pushing and popping off the stack. In dired mode: corrected cursor movements and added missing keybindings.
    </ul>
<p>

<li>OpenSSH 6.0:
    <ul>
    <li>New features:
      <ul>
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>:
        add optional checkpoints for moduli screening.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1">ssh-add(1)</a>:
        new -k option to load plain keys (skipping certificates).
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        add wildcard support to PermitOpen, allowing things like
        "PermitOpen localhost:*". (bz#1857)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        support for cancelling local and remote port forwards via the multiplex
        socket. Use "ssh -O cancel -L xx:xx:xx -R yy:yy:yy user@host" to request
        the cancellation of the specified forwardings.
      <li>support cancellation of local/dynamic forwardings from ~C commandline.
      </ul>
    <li>The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
      <ul>
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        ensure that $DISPLAY contains only valid characters before using it to
        extract xauth data so that it can't be used to play local shell
        metacharacter games.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        unbreak remote port forwarding with dynamic allocated listen ports.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1">scp(1)</a>:
        suppress adding '--' to remote commandlines when the first argument does
        not start with '-'. Saves breakage on some difficult-to-upgrade
        embedded/router platforms.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>
        and
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        fix typo in IPQoS parsing: there is no "AF14" class, but there is an
        "AF21" class.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>
        and
        <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        do not permit SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST/ACCEPT during rekeying.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>:
        skip attempting to create ~/.ssh when -F is passed.
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        unbreak stdio forwarding when ControlPersist is in use. (bz#1943)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>:
        send tty break to pty master instead of (probably already closed) slave
        side. (bz#1859)
      <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>:
        silence error spam for "ls */foo" in directory with files.
   (bz#1683)
      <li>Fixed a number of memory and file descriptor leaks.
      </ul>
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Over 7,000 ports, major performance and stability improvements in
the package build process
    <ul>
    <li>Downloading of distfiles is simpler, can resume interrupted download,
    discover file moves, and expire old files. Distfiles mirror sites now use
    the new and improved method.
    <li>Dependency handling during ports build and package creation is at least
    twice as fast, twenty times as fast in pathological cases. This also affects
    user scripts such as out-of-date
    <li>More checks are done during package builds, for increased user friendliness
    <li>The long term process of documenting the infrastructure is now 100% done.
    <li>The distributed ports builder (dpb) can now clean up old dependencies,
    thus helping package builds be more reproducible.
    This found tens of hidden build dependencies in the ports tree already.
    <li>The semantics of pkg_add -a have been nailed down and a few minor bugs
    have been fixed.
    <li>The arch-dependent issues are better classified, leading to better builds on
    old architectures in some complicated cases. In particular, dpb explicitly
    purges from memory info about packages it cannot build and stuff that
    depends on it, leading to better life on sparc and vax which have very
    small data-size limits.
    <li>dpb recognizes full builds and trims some duplicate package builds
    </ul>
<p>
<li>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
    <ul style="column-count: 4">
      <li>i386:       7229
      <li>sparc64:    6599
      <li>alpha:      5943
      <li>sh:         2459
      <li>amd64:      7181
      <li>powerpc:    6852
      <li>sparc:      4152
      <li>arm:        5536
      <li>hppa:       6159
      <li>vax:        2199
      <li>mips64:     5785
      <li>mips64el:   5807
    </ul>
<p>

<li>Some highlights:
    <ul>
    <li>GNOME 3.2.1 (fallback mode)	<li>KDE 3.5.10
    <li>Xfce 4.8.3			<li>MySQL 5.1.60
    <li>PostgreSQL 9.1.2		<li>Postfix 2.8.8
    <li>OpenLDAP 2.3.43 and 2.4.26	<li>Mozilla Firefox 3.5.19, 3.6.25 and 9.0.1
    <li>Mozilla Thunderbird 9.0.1	<li>GHC 7.0.4
    <li>LibreOffice 3.4.5.2		<li>Emacs 21.4, 22.3 and 23.4
    <li>Vim 7.3.154			<li>PHP 5.2.17 and 5.3.10
    <li>Python 2.5.4, 2.7.1 and 3.2.2	<li>Ruby 1.8.7.357 and 1.9.3.0
    <li>Tcl/Tk 8.5.11			<li>Jdk 1.7
    <li>Mono 2.10.6			<li>Chromium 16.0.912.77
    <li>Groff 1.21
    </ul>
<p>

<li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
    <li>Base system and Xenocara manuals are now installed as source code,
      making <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/grep.1">grep(1)</a> more useful in /usr/share/man/ and /usr/X11R6/man/.
    <li>If both formatted and source versions of manuals are installed,
      <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man.1">man(1)</a> automatically displays the newer version of each page.
<p>

<li> The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
    <ul>
    <li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.6 with xserver 1.11.4 + patches,
      freetype 2.4.8, fontconfig 2.8.0, Mesa 7.10.3, xterm 276,
      xkeyboard-config 2.5 and more)
    <li>Gcc 4.2.1 (+patches), 3.3.5 (+ patches) and 2.95.3 (+ patches)
    <li>Perl 5.12.2 (+ patches)
    <li>Our improved and secured version of Apache 1.3, with
      SSL/TLS and DSO support
    <li>OpenSSL 1.0.0f (+ patches)
    <li>Sendmail 8.14.5, with libmilter
    <li>Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches)
    <li>Lynx 2.8.7rel.2 with HTTPS and IPv6 support (+ patches)
    <li>Sudo 1.7.2p8
    <li>Ncurses 5.7
    <li>Heimdal 0.7.2 (+ patches)
    <li>Arla 0.35.7
    <li>Binutils 2.15 (+ patches)
    <li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
    <li>Less 444 (+ patches)
    <li>Awk Aug 10, 2011 version
    </ul>
</ul>
</section>

<hr>

<section id=install>
<h3>How to install</h3>
<p>
Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
form of install.  The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style
of) install are very similar; the CDROM instructions are left intact
so that you can see how much easier it would have been if you had
purchased a CDROM instead.
<p>

<hr>
Please refer to the following files on the three CDROMs or FTP mirror for
extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 5.1 on your machine:
<p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/i386/INSTALL.i386">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/i386/INSTALL.i386 (on CD1)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/amd64/INSTALL.amd64 (on CD2)</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/macppc/INSTALL.macppc (on CD2)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64 (on CD3)</a>
<p>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/armish/INSTALL.armish">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/armish/INSTALL.armish</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/hp300/INSTALL.hp300">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/hp300/INSTALL.hp300</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/landisk/INSTALL.landisk">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/landisk/INSTALL.landisk</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/loongson/INSTALL.loongson">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/loongson/INSTALL.loongson</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/sgi/INSTALL.sgi">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/sgi/INSTALL.sgi</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/socppc/INSTALL.socppc">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/socppc/INSTALL.socppc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/sparc/INSTALL.sparc">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/sparc/INSTALL.sparc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/vax/INSTALL.vax">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/vax/INSTALL.vax</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.1/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus">
	.../OpenBSD/5.1/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus</a>
</ul>
</section>

<hr>

<section id=quickinstall>

<p>
Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
use of the "disklabel -E" command.  If you are at all confused when
installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!

<h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>

<p>
Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
<i>CD1:5.1/i386/floppy51.fs</i> to a floppy and boot via the floppy drive.

<p>
Use <i>CD1:5.1/i386/floppyB51.fs</i> instead for greater SCSI controller
support, or <i>CD1:5.1/i386/floppyC51.fs</i> for better laptop support.

<p>
If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in
the included INSTALL.i386 document.

<p>
If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.i386.

<p>
To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the &quot;rawrite&quot; utility located
at <i>CD1:5.1/tools/rawrite.exe</i>. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
use the
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)</a>
utility. The following is an example usage of
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dd.1">dd(1)</a>,
where the device could be &quot;floppy&quot;, &quot;rfd0c&quot;, or
&quot;rfd0a&quot;.

<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>dd if=&lt;file&gt; of=/dev/&lt;device&gt; bs=32k</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
<a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>.

<h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>

<p>
The 5.1 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
your BIOS options first.
If you can't boot from the CD, you can create a boot floppy to install from.
To do this, write <i>CD2:5.1/amd64/floppy51.fs</i> to a floppy, then
boot from the floppy drive.

<p>
If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
INSTALL.amd64 document.

<p>
If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.amd64.

<h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>

<p>
Put CD2 in your CDROM drive and poweron your machine while holding down the
<i>C</i> key until the display turns on and shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.

<p>
Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
/5.1/macppc/bsd.rd</i>

<h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>

<p>
Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type <i>boot cdrom</i>.

<p>
If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
<i>CD3:5.1/sparc64/floppy51.fs</i> or <i>CD3:5.1/sparc64/floppyB51.fs</i>
(depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<p>
You can also write <i>CD3:5.1/sparc64/miniroot51.fs</i> to the swap partition on
the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.

<p>
If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.

<h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>5.1/alpha/floppy51.fs</i> or
<i>5.1/alpha/floppyB51.fs</i> (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
enter <i>boot dva0</i>. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<h3>OpenBSD/armish:</h3>

<p>
After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network
either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,
then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.
IOData HDL-G can only boot from an EXT-2 partition. Boot into linux
and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)
then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.
More details are available in INSTALL.armish.

<h3>OpenBSD/hp300:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.

<h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
<a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.

<h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>miniroot51.fs</i> to the start of the CF
or disk, and boot normally.

<h3>OpenBSD/loongson:</h3>

<p>
Write <i>miniroot51.fs</i> to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k:</h3>

<p>
Copy bsd.rd to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot it from the PROM.
Alternatively, you can create a bootable tape and boot from it. Refer to
the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/mvme68k:</h3>

<p>
You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k
for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/mvme88k:</h3>

<p>
You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.<br>
The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the <i>NIOT</i>
and <i>NBO</i> debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k
for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/sgi:</h3>

<p>
To install on an O2, burn cd51.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
machine and select <i>Install System Software</i> from the System Maintenance
menu.

<p>
On other systems, or if your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can
setup a DHCP/tftp network server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using
the kernel matching your system type.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/socppc:</h3>

<p>
After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.

<h3>OpenBSD/sparc:</h3>

<p>
Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two
commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.

<blockquote><pre>
ok <kbd>boot cdrom 5.1/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
or
> <kbd>b sd(0,6,0)5.1/sparc/bsd.rd</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
To do so you need to write <i>floppy51.fs</i> to a floppy.
For more information see <a href="faq/faq4.html#MkFlop">this page</a>.
To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,
depending on the version of your ROM.

<blockquote><pre>
ok <kbd>boot floppy</kbd>
or
> <kbd>b fd()</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.

<p>
If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
INSTALL.sparc file.

<h3>OpenBSD/vax:</h3>

<p>
Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.

<h3>OpenBSD/zaurus:</h3>

<p>
Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the
openbsd51_arm.ipk package.  Reboot, then run it.  Read INSTALL.zaurus
for a few important details.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=sourcecode>
<h3>Notes about the source code</h3>
<p>
<code>src.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src</code>.
This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
in a separate archive.  To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
<code>sys.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src/sys</code>.
This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.  Using these trees it
is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
Using these files
results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=upgrade>
<h3>How to upgrade</h3>
<p>
If you already have an OpenBSD 5.0 system, and do not want to reinstall,
upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
<a href="faq/upgrade51.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
</section>

<hr>

<section id=ports>
<h3>Ports Tree</h3>
<p>
A ports tree archive is also provided.  To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree.  Go
read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
if you know nothing about ports
at this point.  This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
OpenBSD ports system.
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cvs.1">cvs(1)</a> if
you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports.  As with our complete
source tree, our ports tree is available via anoncvs.  So, in
order to keep current with it, you must make the <i>ports/</i> tree
available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
like:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd [portsdir]/; cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_5_1</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
[Of course, you must replace the local directory and server name here
with the location of your ports collection and a nearby anoncvs
server.]
<p>
Note that most ports are available as packages on our mirrors. Updated
packages for the 5.1 release will be made available if problems arise.
<p>
If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
would like to know more, the mailing list
<a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
</section>