3.2.po

# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
# Translators:
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-10 00:13+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-23 16:20+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Adrian Liaw <adrianliaw2000@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese - TAIWAN (https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-"
"tw)\n"
"Language: zh_TW\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:3
msgid "What's New In Python 3.2"
msgstr "Python 3.2 有什麼新功能"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:0
msgid "Author"
msgstr "作者"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:5
msgid "Raymond Hettinger"
msgstr "Raymond Hettinger"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:51
msgid ""
"This article explains the new features in Python 3.2 as compared to 3.1. "
"Python 3.2 was released on February 20, 2011. It focuses on a few highlights "
"and gives a few examples.  For full details, see the `Misc/NEWS <https://"
"github.com/python/cpython/blob/076ca6c3c8df3030307e548d9be792ce3c1c6eea/Misc/"
"NEWS>`__ file."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:60
msgid ":pep:`392` - Python 3.2 Release Schedule"
msgstr ":pep:`392` - Python 3.2 發佈時程"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:64
msgid "PEP 384: Defining a Stable ABI"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:66
msgid ""
"In the past, extension modules built for one Python version were often not "
"usable with other Python versions. Particularly on Windows, every feature "
"release of Python required rebuilding all extension modules that one wanted "
"to use. This requirement was the result of the free access to Python "
"interpreter internals that extension modules could use."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:72
msgid ""
"With Python 3.2, an alternative approach becomes available: extension "
"modules which restrict themselves to a limited API (by defining "
"Py_LIMITED_API) cannot use many of the internals, but are constrained to a "
"set of API functions that are promised to be stable for several releases. As "
"a consequence, extension modules built for 3.2 in that mode will also work "
"with 3.3, 3.4, and so on. Extension modules that make use of details of "
"memory structures can still be built, but will need to be recompiled for "
"every feature release."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:83
msgid ":pep:`384` - Defining a Stable ABI"
msgstr ":pep:`384` - 定義一個穩定 ABI"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:84
msgid "PEP written by Martin von Löwis."
msgstr "由 Martin von Löwis 撰寫 PEP。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:88
msgid "PEP 389: Argparse Command Line Parsing Module"
msgstr "PEP 389: Argparse 命令列剖析模組"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:90
msgid ""
"A new module for command line parsing, :mod:`argparse`, was introduced to "
"overcome the limitations of :mod:`optparse` which did not provide support "
"for positional arguments (not just options), subcommands, required options "
"and other common patterns of specifying and validating options."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:95
msgid ""
"This module has already had widespread success in the community as a third-"
"party module.  Being more fully featured than its predecessor, the :mod:"
"`argparse` module is now the preferred module for command-line processing. "
"The older module is still being kept available because of the substantial "
"amount of legacy code that depends on it."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:101
msgid ""
"Here's an annotated example parser showing features like limiting results to "
"a set of choices, specifying a *metavar* in the help screen, validating that "
"one or more positional arguments is present, and making a required option::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:105
msgid ""
"import argparse\n"
"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n"
"            description = 'Manage servers',         # main description for "
"help\n"
"            epilog = 'Tested on Solaris and Linux') # displayed after help\n"
"parser.add_argument('action',                       # argument name\n"
"            choices = ['deploy', 'start', 'stop'],  # three allowed values\n"
"            help = 'action on each target')         # help msg\n"
"parser.add_argument('targets',\n"
"            metavar = 'HOSTNAME',                   # var name used in help "
"msg\n"
"            nargs = '+',                            # require one or more "
"targets\n"
"            help = 'url for target machines')       # help msg explanation\n"
"parser.add_argument('-u', '--user',                 # -u or --user option\n"
"            required = True,                        # make it a required "
"argument\n"
"            help = 'login as user')"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:120
msgid "Example of calling the parser on a command string::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:122
msgid ""
">>> cmd = 'deploy sneezy.example.com sleepy.example.com -u skycaptain'\n"
">>> result = parser.parse_args(cmd.split())\n"
">>> result.action\n"
"'deploy'\n"
">>> result.targets\n"
"['sneezy.example.com', 'sleepy.example.com']\n"
">>> result.user\n"
"'skycaptain'"
msgstr ""
">>> cmd = 'deploy sneezy.example.com sleepy.example.com -u skycaptain'\n"
">>> result = parser.parse_args(cmd.split())\n"
">>> result.action\n"
"'deploy'\n"
">>> result.targets\n"
"['sneezy.example.com', 'sleepy.example.com']\n"
">>> result.user\n"
"'skycaptain'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:131
msgid "Example of the parser's automatically generated help::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:133
msgid ""
">>> parser.parse_args('-h'.split())\n"
"\n"
"usage: manage_cloud.py [-h] -u USER\n"
"                       {deploy,start,stop} HOSTNAME [HOSTNAME ...]\n"
"\n"
"Manage servers\n"
"\n"
"positional arguments:\n"
"  {deploy,start,stop}   action on each target\n"
"  HOSTNAME              url for target machines\n"
"\n"
"optional arguments:\n"
"  -h, --help            show this help message and exit\n"
"  -u USER, --user USER  login as user\n"
"\n"
"Tested on Solaris and Linux"
msgstr ""
">>> parser.parse_args('-h'.split())\n"
"\n"
"usage: manage_cloud.py [-h] -u USER\n"
"                       {deploy,start,stop} HOSTNAME [HOSTNAME ...]\n"
"\n"
"Manage servers\n"
"\n"
"positional arguments:\n"
"  {deploy,start,stop}   action on each target\n"
"  HOSTNAME              url for target machines\n"
"\n"
"optional arguments:\n"
"  -h, --help            show this help message and exit\n"
"  -u USER, --user USER  login as user\n"
"\n"
"Tested on Solaris and Linux"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:150
msgid ""
"An especially nice :mod:`argparse` feature is the ability to define "
"subparsers, each with their own argument patterns and help displays::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:153
msgid ""
"import argparse\n"
"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='HELM')\n"
"subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()\n"
"\n"
"parser_l = subparsers.add_parser('launch', help='Launch Control')   # first "
"subgroup\n"
"parser_l.add_argument('-m', '--missiles', action='store_true')\n"
"parser_l.add_argument('-t', '--torpedos', action='store_true')\n"
"\n"
"parser_m = subparsers.add_parser('move', help='Move Vessel',        # second "
"subgroup\n"
"                                 aliases=('steer', 'turn'))         # "
"equivalent names\n"
"parser_m.add_argument('-c', '--course', type=int, required=True)\n"
"parser_m.add_argument('-s', '--speed', type=int, default=0)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:166
msgid ""
"$ ./helm.py --help                         # top level help (launch and "
"move)\n"
"$ ./helm.py launch --help                  # help for launch options\n"
"$ ./helm.py launch --missiles              # set missiles=True and "
"torpedos=False\n"
"$ ./helm.py steer --course 180 --speed 5   # set movement parameters"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:175
msgid ":pep:`389` - New Command Line Parsing Module"
msgstr ":pep:`389` - 新命令列剖析模組"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:176
msgid "PEP written by Steven Bethard."
msgstr "由 Steven Bethard 撰寫 PEP。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:178
msgid ""
":ref:`upgrading-optparse-code` for details on the differences from :mod:"
"`optparse`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:182
msgid "PEP 391:  Dictionary Based Configuration for Logging"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:184
msgid ""
"The :mod:`logging` module provided two kinds of configuration, one style "
"with function calls for each option or another style driven by an external "
"file saved in a :mod:`configparser` format.  Those options did not provide "
"the flexibility to create configurations from JSON or YAML files, nor did "
"they support incremental configuration, which is needed for specifying "
"logger options from a command line."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:191
msgid ""
"To support a more flexible style, the module now offers :func:`logging."
"config.dictConfig` for specifying logging configuration with plain Python "
"dictionaries.  The configuration options include formatters, handlers, "
"filters, and loggers.  Here's a working example of a configuration "
"dictionary::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:197
msgid ""
"{\"version\": 1,\n"
" \"formatters\": {\"brief\": {\"format\": \"%(levelname)-8s: %(name)-15s: "
"%(message)s\"},\n"
"                \"full\": {\"format\": \"%(asctime)s %(name)-15s "
"%(levelname)-8s %(message)s\"}\n"
"                },\n"
" \"handlers\": {\"console\": {\n"
"                   \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n"
"                   \"formatter\": \"brief\",\n"
"                   \"level\": \"INFO\",\n"
"                   \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\"},\n"
"              \"console_priority\": {\n"
"                   \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n"
"                   \"formatter\": \"full\",\n"
"                   \"level\": \"ERROR\",\n"
"                   \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stderr\"}\n"
"              },\n"
" \"root\": {\"level\": \"DEBUG\", \"handlers\": [\"console\", "
"\"console_priority\"]}}"
msgstr ""
"{\"version\": 1,\n"
" \"formatters\": {\"brief\": {\"format\": \"%(levelname)-8s: %(name)-15s: "
"%(message)s\"},\n"
"                \"full\": {\"format\": \"%(asctime)s %(name)-15s "
"%(levelname)-8s %(message)s\"}\n"
"                },\n"
" \"handlers\": {\"console\": {\n"
"                   \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n"
"                   \"formatter\": \"brief\",\n"
"                   \"level\": \"INFO\",\n"
"                   \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\"},\n"
"              \"console_priority\": {\n"
"                   \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n"
"                   \"formatter\": \"full\",\n"
"                   \"level\": \"ERROR\",\n"
"                   \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stderr\"}\n"
"              },\n"
" \"root\": {\"level\": \"DEBUG\", \"handlers\": [\"console\", "
"\"console_priority\"]}}"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:215
msgid ""
"If that dictionary is stored in a file called :file:`conf.json`, it can be "
"loaded and called with code like this::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:218
msgid ""
">>> import json, logging.config\n"
">>> with open('conf.json') as f:\n"
"...     conf = json.load(f)\n"
"...\n"
">>> logging.config.dictConfig(conf)\n"
">>> logging.info(\"Transaction completed normally\")\n"
"INFO    : root           : Transaction completed normally\n"
">>> logging.critical(\"Abnormal termination\")\n"
"2011-02-17 11:14:36,694 root            CRITICAL Abnormal termination"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:230
msgid ":pep:`391` - Dictionary Based Configuration for Logging"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:231
msgid "PEP written by Vinay Sajip."
msgstr "由 Vinay Sajip 撰寫 PEP。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:235
msgid "PEP 3148:  The ``concurrent.futures`` module"
msgstr "PEP 3148：``concurrent.futures`` 模組"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:237
msgid ""
"Code for creating and managing concurrency is being collected in a new top-"
"level namespace, *concurrent*.  Its first member is a *futures* package "
"which provides a uniform high-level interface for managing threads and "
"processes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:241
msgid ""
"The design for :mod:`concurrent.futures` was inspired by the *java.util."
"concurrent* package.  In that model, a running call and its result are "
"represented by a :class:`~concurrent.futures.Future` object that abstracts "
"features common to threads, processes, and remote procedure calls.  That "
"object supports status checks (running or done), timeouts, cancellations, "
"adding callbacks, and access to results or exceptions."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:248
msgid ""
"The primary offering of the new module is a pair of executor classes for "
"launching and managing calls.  The goal of the executors is to make it "
"easier to use existing tools for making parallel calls. They save the effort "
"needed to setup a pool of resources, launch the calls, create a results "
"queue, add time-out handling, and limit the total number of threads, "
"processes, or remote procedure calls."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:255
msgid ""
"Ideally, each application should share a single executor across multiple "
"components so that process and thread limits can be centrally managed.  This "
"solves the design challenge that arises when each component has its own "
"competing strategy for resource management."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:260
msgid ""
"Both classes share a common interface with three methods: :meth:`~concurrent."
"futures.Executor.submit` for scheduling a callable and returning a :class:"
"`~concurrent.futures.Future` object; :meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor."
"map` for scheduling many asynchronous calls at a time, and :meth:"
"`~concurrent.futures.Executor.shutdown` for freeing resources.  The class is "
"a :term:`context manager` and can be used in a :keyword:`with` statement to "
"assure that resources are automatically released when currently pending "
"futures are done executing."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:269
msgid ""
"A simple of example of :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` is a "
"launch of four parallel threads for copying files::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:272
msgid ""
"import concurrent.futures, shutil\n"
"with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as e:\n"
"    e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src1.txt', 'dest1.txt')\n"
"    e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src2.txt', 'dest2.txt')\n"
"    e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest3.txt')\n"
"    e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest4.txt')"
msgstr ""
"import concurrent.futures, shutil\n"
"with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as e:\n"
"    e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src1.txt', 'dest1.txt')\n"
"    e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src2.txt', 'dest2.txt')\n"
"    e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest3.txt')\n"
"    e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest4.txt')"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:281
msgid ":pep:`3148` - Futures -- Execute Computations Asynchronously"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:282
msgid "PEP written by Brian Quinlan."
msgstr "由 Brian Quinlan 撰寫 PEP。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:284
msgid ""
":ref:`Code for Threaded Parallel URL reads<threadpoolexecutor-example>`, an "
"example using threads to fetch multiple web pages in parallel."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:287
msgid ""
":ref:`Code for computing prime numbers in parallel<processpoolexecutor-"
"example>`, an example demonstrating :class:`~concurrent.futures."
"ProcessPoolExecutor`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:293
msgid "PEP 3147:  PYC Repository Directories"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:295
msgid ""
"Python's scheme for caching bytecode in *.pyc* files did not work well in "
"environments with multiple Python interpreters.  If one interpreter "
"encountered a cached file created by another interpreter, it would recompile "
"the source and overwrite the cached file, thus losing the benefits of "
"caching."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:300
msgid ""
"The issue of \"pyc fights\" has become more pronounced as it has become "
"commonplace for Linux distributions to ship with multiple versions of "
"Python. These conflicts also arise with CPython alternatives such as Unladen "
"Swallow."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:304
msgid ""
"To solve this problem, Python's import machinery has been extended to use "
"distinct filenames for each interpreter.  Instead of Python 3.2 and Python "
"3.3 and Unladen Swallow each competing for a file called \"mymodule.pyc\", "
"they will now look for \"mymodule.cpython-32.pyc\", \"mymodule.cpython-33."
"pyc\", and \"mymodule.unladen10.pyc\".  And to prevent all of these new "
"files from cluttering source directories, the *pyc* files are now collected "
"in a \"__pycache__\" directory stored under the package directory."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:312
msgid ""
"Aside from the filenames and target directories, the new scheme has a few "
"aspects that are visible to the programmer:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:315
msgid ""
"Imported modules now have a :attr:`~module.__cached__` attribute which "
"stores the name of the actual file that was imported:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:322
msgid ""
"The tag that is unique to each interpreter is accessible from the :mod:`!"
"imp` module:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:329
msgid ""
"Scripts that try to deduce source filename from the imported file now need "
"to be smarter.  It is no longer sufficient to simply strip the \"c\" from a "
"\".pyc\" filename.  Instead, use the new functions in the :mod:`!imp` module:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:338
msgid ""
"The :mod:`py_compile` and :mod:`compileall` modules have been updated to "
"reflect the new naming convention and target directory.  The command-line "
"invocation of *compileall* has new options: ``-i`` for specifying a list of "
"files and directories to compile and ``-b`` which causes bytecode files to "
"be written to their legacy location rather than *__pycache__*."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:345
msgid ""
"The :mod:`importlib.abc` module has been updated with new :term:`abstract "
"base classes <abstract base class>` for loading bytecode files.  The "
"obsolete ABCs, :class:`!PyLoader` and :class:`!PyPycLoader`, have been "
"deprecated (instructions on how to stay Python 3.1 compatible are included "
"with the documentation)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:353
msgid ":pep:`3147` - PYC Repository Directories"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:354 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:385
msgid "PEP written by Barry Warsaw."
msgstr "由 Barry Warsaw 撰寫 PEP。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:358
msgid "PEP 3149: ABI Version Tagged .so Files"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:360
msgid ""
"The PYC repository directory allows multiple bytecode cache files to be co-"
"located.  This PEP implements a similar mechanism for shared object files by "
"giving them a common directory and distinct names for each version."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:364
msgid ""
"The common directory is \"pyshared\" and the file names are made distinct by "
"identifying the Python implementation (such as CPython, PyPy, Jython, etc.), "
"the major and minor version numbers, and optional build flags (such as \"d\" "
"for debug, \"m\" for pymalloc, \"u\" for wide-unicode).  For an arbitrary "
"package \"foo\", you may see these files when the distribution package is "
"installed::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:370
msgid ""
"/usr/share/pyshared/foo.cpython-32m.so\n"
"/usr/share/pyshared/foo.cpython-33md.so"
msgstr ""
"/usr/share/pyshared/foo.cpython-32m.so\n"
"/usr/share/pyshared/foo.cpython-33md.so"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:373
msgid ""
"In Python itself, the tags are accessible from functions in the :mod:"
"`sysconfig` module::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:376
msgid ""
">>> import sysconfig\n"
">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('SOABI')       # find the version tag\n"
"'cpython-32mu'\n"
">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX')  # find the full filename "
"extension\n"
"'.cpython-32mu.so'"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:384
msgid ":pep:`3149` - ABI Version Tagged .so Files"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:389
msgid "PEP 3333: Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:391
msgid ""
"This informational PEP clarifies how bytes/text issues are to be handled by "
"the WSGI protocol.  The challenge is that string handling in Python 3 is "
"most conveniently handled with the :class:`str` type even though the HTTP "
"protocol is itself bytes oriented."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:396
msgid ""
"The PEP differentiates so-called *native strings* that are used for request/"
"response headers and metadata versus *byte strings* which are used for the "
"bodies of requests and responses."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:400
msgid ""
"The *native strings* are always of type :class:`str` but are restricted to "
"code points between *U+0000* through *U+00FF* which are translatable to "
"bytes using *Latin-1* encoding.  These strings are used for the keys and "
"values in the environment dictionary and for response headers and statuses "
"in the :func:`!start_response` function.  They must follow :rfc:`2616` with "
"respect to encoding. That is, they must either be *ISO-8859-1* characters or "
"use :rfc:`2047` MIME encoding."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:408
msgid ""
"For developers porting WSGI applications from Python 2, here are the salient "
"points:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:411
msgid ""
"If the app already used strings for headers in Python 2, no change is needed."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:413
msgid ""
"If instead, the app encoded output headers or decoded input headers, then "
"the headers will need to be re-encoded to Latin-1.  For example, an output "
"header encoded in utf-8 was using ``h.encode('utf-8')`` now needs to convert "
"from bytes to native strings using ``h.encode('utf-8').decode('latin-1')``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:418
msgid ""
"Values yielded by an application or sent using the :meth:`!write` method "
"must be byte strings.  The :func:`!start_response` function and environ must "
"use native strings.  The two cannot be mixed."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:422
msgid ""
"For server implementers writing CGI-to-WSGI pathways or other CGI-style "
"protocols, the users must to be able access the environment using native "
"strings even though the underlying platform may have a different "
"convention.  To bridge this gap, the :mod:`wsgiref` module has a new "
"function, :func:`wsgiref.handlers.read_environ` for transcoding CGI "
"variables from :data:`os.environ` into native strings and returning a new "
"dictionary."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:431
msgid ":pep:`3333` - Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:432
msgid "PEP written by Phillip Eby."
msgstr "由 Phillip Eby 撰寫 PEP。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:436
msgid "Other Language Changes"
msgstr "其他語言更動"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:438
msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:440
msgid ""
"String formatting for :func:`format` and :meth:`str.format` gained new "
"capabilities for the format character **#**.  Previously, for integers in "
"binary, octal, or hexadecimal, it caused the output to be prefixed with "
"'0b', '0o', or '0x' respectively.  Now it can also handle floats, complex, "
"and Decimal, causing the output to always have a decimal point even when no "
"digits follow it."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:452
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Mark Dickinson and implemented by Eric Smith in :issue:`7094`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:454
msgid ""
"There is also a new :meth:`str.format_map` method that extends the "
"capabilities of the existing :meth:`str.format` method by accepting "
"arbitrary :term:`mapping` objects.  This new method makes it possible to use "
"string formatting with any of Python's many dictionary-like objects such as :"
"class:`~collections.defaultdict`, :class:`~shelve.Shelf`, :class:"
"`~configparser.ConfigParser`, or :mod:`dbm`.  It is also useful with custom :"
"class:`dict` subclasses that normalize keys before look-up or that supply a :"
"meth:`__missing__` method for unknown keys::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:463
msgid ""
">>> import shelve\n"
">>> d = shelve.open('tmp.shl')\n"
">>> 'The {project_name} status is {status} as of {date}'.format_map(d)\n"
"'The testing project status is green as of February 15, 2011'\n"
"\n"
">>> class LowerCasedDict(dict):\n"
"...     def __getitem__(self, key):\n"
"...         return dict.__getitem__(self, key.lower())\n"
"...\n"
">>> lcd = LowerCasedDict(part='widgets', quantity=10)\n"
">>> 'There are {QUANTITY} {Part} in stock'.format_map(lcd)\n"
"'There are 10 widgets in stock'\n"
"\n"
">>> class PlaceholderDict(dict):\n"
"...     def __missing__(self, key):\n"
"...         return '<{}>'.format(key)\n"
"...\n"
">>> 'Hello {name}, welcome to {location}'.format_map(PlaceholderDict())\n"
"'Hello <name>, welcome to <location>'"
msgstr ""
">>> import shelve\n"
">>> d = shelve.open('tmp.shl')\n"
">>> 'The {project_name} status is {status} as of {date}'.format_map(d)\n"
"'The testing project status is green as of February 15, 2011'\n"
"\n"
">>> class LowerCasedDict(dict):\n"
"...     def __getitem__(self, key):\n"
"...         return dict.__getitem__(self, key.lower())\n"
"...\n"
">>> lcd = LowerCasedDict(part='widgets', quantity=10)\n"
">>> 'There are {QUANTITY} {Part} in stock'.format_map(lcd)\n"
"'There are 10 widgets in stock'\n"
"\n"
">>> class PlaceholderDict(dict):\n"
"...     def __missing__(self, key):\n"
"...         return '<{}>'.format(key)\n"
"...\n"
">>> 'Hello {name}, welcome to {location}'.format_map(PlaceholderDict())\n"
"'Hello <name>, welcome to <location>'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:483
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Eric Smith in :issue:"
"`6081`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:486
msgid ""
"The interpreter can now be started with a quiet option, ``-q``, to prevent "
"the copyright and version information from being displayed in the "
"interactive mode.  The option can be introspected using the :data:`sys."
"flags` attribute:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:490
msgid ""
"$ python -q\n"
">>> sys.flags\n"
"sys.flags(debug=0, division_warning=0, inspect=0, interactive=0,\n"
"optimize=0, dont_write_bytecode=0, no_user_site=0, no_site=0,\n"
"ignore_environment=0, verbose=0, bytes_warning=0, quiet=1)"
msgstr ""
"$ python -q\n"
">>> sys.flags\n"
"sys.flags(debug=0, division_warning=0, inspect=0, interactive=0,\n"
"optimize=0, dont_write_bytecode=0, no_user_site=0, no_site=0,\n"
"ignore_environment=0, verbose=0, bytes_warning=0, quiet=1)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:498
msgid "(Contributed by Marcin Wojdyr in :issue:`1772833`)."
msgstr "（由 Marcin Wojdyr 在 :issue:`1772833` 中貢獻）。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:500
msgid ""
"The :func:`hasattr` function works by calling :func:`getattr` and detecting "
"whether an exception is raised.  This technique allows it to detect methods "
"created dynamically by :meth:`~object.__getattr__` or :meth:`~object."
"__getattribute__` which would otherwise be absent from the class "
"dictionary.  Formerly, *hasattr* would catch any exception, possibly masking "
"genuine errors.  Now, *hasattr* has been tightened to only catch :exc:"
"`AttributeError` and let other exceptions pass through::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:508
msgid ""
">>> class A:\n"
"...     @property\n"
"...     def f(self):\n"
"...         return 1 // 0\n"
"...\n"
">>> a = A()\n"
">>> hasattr(a, 'f')\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  ...\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero"
msgstr ""
">>> class A:\n"
"...     @property\n"
"...     def f(self):\n"
"...         return 1 // 0\n"
"...\n"
">>> a = A()\n"
">>> hasattr(a, 'f')\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  ...\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:519
msgid ""
"(Discovered by Yury Selivanov and fixed by Benjamin Peterson; :issue:`9666`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:521
msgid ""
"The :func:`str` of a float or complex number is now the same as its :func:"
"`repr`. Previously, the :func:`str` form was shorter but that just caused "
"confusion and is no longer needed now that the shortest possible :func:"
"`repr` is displayed by default:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:532
msgid "(Proposed and implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`9337`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:534
msgid ""
":class:`memoryview` objects now have a :meth:`~memoryview.release` method "
"and they also now support the context management protocol.  This allows "
"timely release of any resources that were acquired when requesting a buffer "
"from the original object."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:543
msgid "(Added by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9757`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:545
msgid ""
"Previously it was illegal to delete a name from the local namespace if it "
"occurs as a free variable in a nested block::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:548
msgid ""
"def outer(x):\n"
"    def inner():\n"
"        return x\n"
"    inner()\n"
"    del x"
msgstr ""
"def outer(x):\n"
"    def inner():\n"
"        return x\n"
"    inner()\n"
"    del x"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:554
msgid ""
"This is now allowed.  Remember that the target of an :keyword:`except` "
"clause is cleared, so this code which used to work with Python 2.6, raised "
"a :exc:`SyntaxError` with Python 3.1 and now works again::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:558
msgid ""
"def f():\n"
"    def print_error():\n"
"        print(e)\n"
"    try:\n"
"        something\n"
"    except Exception as e:\n"
"        print_error()\n"
"        # implicit \"del e\" here"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:567
msgid "(See :issue:`4617`.)"
msgstr "（請見 :issue:`4617`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:569
msgid ""
":ref:`Struct sequence types <struct-sequence-objects>` are now subclasses of "
"tuple. This means that C structures like those returned by :func:`os.stat`, :"
"func:`time.gmtime`, and :data:`sys.version_info` now work like a :term:"
"`named tuple` and now work with functions and methods that expect a tuple as "
"an argument.  This is a big step forward in making the C structures as "
"flexible as their pure Python counterparts:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:582
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis and implemented by "
"Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`8413`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:585
msgid ""
"Warnings are now easier to control using the :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` "
"environment variable as an alternative to using ``-W`` at the command line:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:588
msgid ""
"$ export PYTHONWARNINGS='ignore::RuntimeWarning::,once::UnicodeWarning::'"
msgstr ""
"$ export PYTHONWARNINGS='ignore::RuntimeWarning::,once::UnicodeWarning::'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:592
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Barry Warsaw and implemented by Philip Jenvey in :issue:"
"`7301`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:594
msgid ""
"A new warning category, :exc:`ResourceWarning`, has been added.  It is "
"emitted when potential issues with resource consumption or cleanup are "
"detected.  It is silenced by default in normal release builds but can be "
"enabled through the means provided by the :mod:`warnings` module, or on the "
"command line."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:600
msgid ""
"A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is issued at interpreter shutdown if the :data:`gc."
"garbage` list isn't empty, and if :const:`gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE` is set, "
"all uncollectable objects are printed.  This is meant to make the programmer "
"aware that their code contains object finalization issues."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:605
msgid ""
"A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is also issued when a :term:`file object` is "
"destroyed without having been explicitly closed.  While the deallocator for "
"such object ensures it closes the underlying operating system resource "
"(usually, a file descriptor), the delay in deallocating the object could "
"produce various issues, especially under Windows.  Here is an example of "
"enabling the warning from the command line:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:612
msgid ""
"$ python -q -Wdefault\n"
">>> f = open(\"foo\", \"wb\")\n"
">>> del f\n"
"__main__:1: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.BufferedWriter name='foo'>"
msgstr ""
"$ python -q -Wdefault\n"
">>> f = open(\"foo\", \"wb\")\n"
">>> del f\n"
"__main__:1: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.BufferedWriter name='foo'>"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:619
msgid ""
"(Added by Antoine Pitrou and Georg Brandl in :issue:`10093` and :issue:"
"`477863`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:621
msgid ""
":class:`range` objects now support *index* and *count* methods. This is part "
"of an effort to make more objects fully implement the :class:`collections."
"Sequence <collections.abc.Sequence>` :term:`abstract base class`.  As a "
"result, the language will have a more uniform API.  In addition, :class:"
"`range` objects now support slicing and negative indices, even with values "
"larger than :data:`sys.maxsize`.  This makes *range* more interoperable with "
"lists::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:628
msgid ""
">>> range(0, 100, 2).count(10)\n"
"1\n"
">>> range(0, 100, 2).index(10)\n"
"5\n"
">>> range(0, 100, 2)[5]\n"
"10\n"
">>> range(0, 100, 2)[0:5]\n"
"range(0, 10, 2)"
msgstr ""
">>> range(0, 100, 2).count(10)\n"
"1\n"
">>> range(0, 100, 2).index(10)\n"
"5\n"
">>> range(0, 100, 2)[5]\n"
"10\n"
">>> range(0, 100, 2)[0:5]\n"
"range(0, 10, 2)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:637
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Daniel Stutzbach in :issue:`9213`, by Alexander Belopolsky "
"in :issue:`2690`, and by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`10889`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Daniel Stutzbach 在 :issue:`9213`、Alexander Belopolsky 在 :issue:"
"`2690`、Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`10889` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:640
msgid ""
"The :func:`callable` builtin function from Py2.x was resurrected.  It "
"provides a concise, readable alternative to using an :term:`abstract base "
"class` in an expression like ``isinstance(x, collections.Callable)``:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:649
msgid "(See :issue:`10518`.)"
msgstr "（請見 :issue:`10518`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:651
msgid ""
"Python's import mechanism can now load modules installed in directories with "
"non-ASCII characters in the path name.  This solved an aggravating problem "
"with home directories for users with non-ASCII characters in their usernames."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:655
msgid "(Required extensive work by Victor Stinner in :issue:`9425`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:659
msgid "New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:661
msgid ""
"Python's standard library has undergone significant maintenance efforts and "
"quality improvements."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:664
msgid ""
"The biggest news for Python 3.2 is that the :mod:`email` package, :mod:"
"`mailbox` module, and :mod:`!nntplib` modules now work correctly with the "
"bytes/text model in Python 3.  For the first time, there is correct handling "
"of messages with mixed encodings."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:669
msgid ""
"Throughout the standard library, there has been more careful attention to "
"encodings and text versus bytes issues.  In particular, interactions with "
"the operating system are now better able to exchange non-ASCII data using "
"the Windows MBCS encoding, locale-aware encodings, or UTF-8."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:674
msgid ""
"Another significant win is the addition of substantially better support for "
"*SSL* connections and security certificates."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:677
msgid ""
"In addition, more classes now implement a :term:`context manager` to support "
"convenient and reliable resource clean-up using a :keyword:`with` statement."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:681
msgid "email"
msgstr "email"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:683
msgid ""
"The usability of the :mod:`email` package in Python 3 has been mostly fixed "
"by the extensive efforts of R. David Murray.  The problem was that emails "
"are typically read and stored in the form of :class:`bytes` rather than :"
"class:`str` text, and they may contain multiple encodings within a single "
"email.  So, the email package had to be extended to parse and generate email "
"messages in bytes format."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:690
msgid ""
"New functions :func:`~email.message_from_bytes` and :func:`~email."
"message_from_binary_file`, and new classes :class:`~email.parser."
"BytesFeedParser` and :class:`~email.parser.BytesParser` allow binary message "
"data to be parsed into model objects."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:695
msgid ""
"Given bytes input to the model, :meth:`~email.message.Message.get_payload` "
"will by default decode a message body that has a :mailheader:`Content-"
"Transfer-Encoding` of *8bit* using the charset specified in the MIME headers "
"and return the resulting string."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:700
msgid ""
"Given bytes input to the model, :class:`~email.generator.Generator` will "
"convert message bodies that have a :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` "
"of *8bit* to instead have a *7bit* :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:704
msgid ""
"Headers with unencoded non-ASCII bytes are deemed to be :rfc:`2047`\\ -"
"encoded using the *unknown-8bit* character set."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:707
msgid ""
"A new class :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` produces bytes as "
"output, preserving any unchanged non-ASCII data that was present in the "
"input used to build the model, including message bodies with a :mailheader:"
"`Content-Transfer-Encoding` of *8bit*."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:712
msgid ""
"The :mod:`smtplib` :class:`~smtplib.SMTP` class now accepts a byte string "
"for the *msg* argument to the :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.sendmail` method, and a "
"new method, :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.send_message` accepts a :class:`~email."
"message.Message` object and can optionally obtain the *from_addr* and "
"*to_addrs* addresses directly from the object."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:718
msgid ""
"(Proposed and implemented by R. David Murray, :issue:`4661` and :issue:"
"`10321`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:721
msgid "elementtree"
msgstr "elementtree"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:723
msgid ""
"The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` package and its :mod:`!xml.etree."
"cElementTree` counterpart have been updated to version 1.3."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:726
msgid "Several new and useful functions and methods have been added:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:728
msgid ""
":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.fromstringlist` which builds an XML document "
"from a sequence of fragments"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:730
msgid ""
":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.register_namespace` for registering a global "
"namespace prefix"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:732
msgid ""
":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.tostringlist` for string representation "
"including all sublists"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:734
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.extend` for appending a sequence of "
"zero or more elements"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:736
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.iterfind` searches an element and "
"subelements"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:738
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.itertext` creates a text iterator over "
"an element and its subelements"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:740
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder.end` closes the current element"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:741
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder.doctype` handles a doctype "
"declaration"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:744
msgid "Two methods have been deprecated:"
msgstr "有兩個方法已被棄用："

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:746
msgid ":meth:`!xml.etree.ElementTree.getchildren` use ``list(elem)`` instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:747
msgid ""
":meth:`!xml.etree.ElementTree.getiterator` use ``Element.iter`` instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:749
msgid ""
"For details of the update, see `Introducing ElementTree <https://web.archive."
"org/web/20200703234532/http://effbot.org/zone/elementtree-13-intro.htm>`_ on "
"Fredrik Lundh's website."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:753
msgid "(Contributed by Florent Xicluna and Fredrik Lundh, :issue:`6472`.)"
msgstr "（由 Florent Xicluna 和 Fredrik Lundh 貢獻，:issue:`6472`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:756
msgid "functools"
msgstr "functools"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:758
msgid ""
"The :mod:`functools` module includes a new decorator for caching function "
"calls.  :func:`functools.lru_cache` can save repeated queries to an external "
"resource whenever the results are expected to be the same."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:762
msgid ""
"For example, adding a caching decorator to a database query function can "
"save database accesses for popular searches:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:775
msgid ""
"To help with choosing an effective cache size, the wrapped function is "
"instrumented for tracking cache statistics:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:781
msgid ""
"If the phonelist table gets updated, the outdated contents of the cache can "
"be cleared with:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:786
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and incorporating design ideas from Jim "
"Baker, Miki Tebeka, and Nick Coghlan; see `recipe 498245 <https://code."
"activestate.com/recipes/498245-lru-and-lfu-cache-decorators/>`_\\, `recipe "
"577479 <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/577479-simple-caching-decorator/"
">`_\\, :issue:`10586`, and :issue:`10593`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:792
msgid ""
"The :func:`functools.wraps` decorator now adds a :attr:`__wrapped__` "
"attribute pointing to the original callable function.  This allows wrapped "
"functions to be introspected.  It also copies :attr:`~function."
"__annotations__` if defined.  And now it also gracefully skips over missing "
"attributes such as :attr:`~function.__doc__` which might not be defined for "
"the wrapped callable."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:799
msgid ""
"In the above example, the cache can be removed by recovering the original "
"function:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:804
msgid ""
"(By Nick Coghlan and Terrence Cole; :issue:`9567`, :issue:`3445`, and :issue:"
"`8814`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:807
msgid ""
"To help write classes with rich comparison methods, a new decorator :func:"
"`functools.total_ordering` will use existing equality and inequality methods "
"to fill in the remaining methods."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:811
msgid ""
"For example, supplying *__eq__* and *__lt__* will enable :func:`~functools."
"total_ordering` to fill-in *__le__*, *__gt__* and *__ge__*::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:814
msgid ""
"@total_ordering\n"
"class Student:\n"
"    def __eq__(self, other):\n"
"        return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) ==\n"
"                (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))\n"
"\n"
"    def __lt__(self, other):\n"
"        return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) <\n"
"                (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))"
msgstr ""
"@total_ordering\n"
"class Student:\n"
"    def __eq__(self, other):\n"
"        return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) ==\n"
"                (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))\n"
"\n"
"    def __lt__(self, other):\n"
"        return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) <\n"
"                (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:824
msgid ""
"With the *total_ordering* decorator, the remaining comparison methods are "
"filled in automatically."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:827 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:839
#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:883 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:904
#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:918 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1788
#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1832
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)"
msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:829
msgid ""
"To aid in porting programs from Python 2, the :func:`functools.cmp_to_key` "
"function converts an old-style comparison function to modern :term:`key "
"function`:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:836
msgid ""
"For sorting examples and a brief sorting tutorial, see the `Sorting HowTo "
"<https://wiki.python.org/moin/HowTo/Sorting/>`_ tutorial."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:842
msgid "itertools"
msgstr "itertools"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:844
msgid ""
"The :mod:`itertools` module has a new :func:`~itertools.accumulate` function "
"modeled on APL's *scan* operator and Numpy's *accumulate* function:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:855
msgid ""
"For an example using :func:`~itertools.accumulate`, see the :ref:`examples "
"for the random module <random-examples>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:858
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and incorporating design suggestions from "
"Mark Dickinson.)"
msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 貢獻，並結合了 Mark Dickinson 的設計建議。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:862
msgid "collections"
msgstr "collections"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:864
msgid ""
"The :class:`collections.Counter` class now has two forms of in-place "
"subtraction, the existing *-=* operator for `saturating subtraction <https://"
"en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_arithmetic>`_ and the new :meth:"
"`~collections.Counter.subtract` method for regular subtraction.  The former "
"is suitable for `multisets <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_ which "
"only have positive counts, and the latter is more suitable for use cases "
"that allow negative counts:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:885
msgid ""
"The :class:`collections.OrderedDict` class has a new method :meth:"
"`~collections.OrderedDict.move_to_end` which takes an existing key and moves "
"it to either the first or last position in the ordered sequence."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:889
msgid ""
"The default is to move an item to the last position.  This is equivalent of "
"renewing an entry with ``od[k] = od.pop(k)``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:892
msgid ""
"A fast move-to-end operation is useful for resequencing entries.  For "
"example, an ordered dictionary can be used to track order of access by aging "
"entries from the oldest to the most recently accessed."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:906
msgid ""
"The :class:`collections.deque` class grew two new methods :meth:"
"`~collections.deque.count` and :meth:`~collections.deque.reverse` that make "
"them more substitutable for :class:`list` objects:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:921
msgid "threading"
msgstr "threading"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:923
msgid ""
"The :mod:`threading` module has a new :class:`~threading.Barrier` "
"synchronization class for making multiple threads wait until all of them "
"have reached a common barrier point.  Barriers are useful for making sure "
"that a task with multiple preconditions does not run until all of the "
"predecessor tasks are complete."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:929
msgid ""
"Barriers can work with an arbitrary number of threads.  This is a "
"generalization of a `Rendezvous <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Synchronous_rendezvous>`_ which is defined for only two threads."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:933
msgid ""
"Implemented as a two-phase cyclic barrier, :class:`~threading.Barrier` "
"objects are suitable for use in loops.  The separate *filling* and "
"*draining* phases assure that all threads get released (drained) before any "
"one of them can loop back and re-enter the barrier.  The barrier fully "
"resets after each cycle."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:938
msgid "Example of using barriers::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:940
msgid ""
"from threading import Barrier, Thread\n"
"\n"
"def get_votes(site):\n"
"    ballots = conduct_election(site)\n"
"    all_polls_closed.wait()        # do not count until all polls are "
"closed\n"
"    totals = summarize(ballots)\n"
"    publish(site, totals)\n"
"\n"
"all_polls_closed = Barrier(len(sites))\n"
"for site in sites:\n"
"    Thread(target=get_votes, args=(site,)).start()"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:952
msgid ""
"In this example, the barrier enforces a rule that votes cannot be counted at "
"any polling site until all polls are closed.  Notice how a solution with a "
"barrier is similar to one with :meth:`threading.Thread.join`, but the "
"threads stay alive and continue to do work (summarizing ballots) after the "
"barrier point is crossed."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:958
msgid ""
"If any of the predecessor tasks can hang or be delayed, a barrier can be "
"created with an optional *timeout* parameter.  Then if the timeout period "
"elapses before all the predecessor tasks reach the barrier point, all "
"waiting threads are released and a :exc:`~threading.BrokenBarrierError` "
"exception is raised::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:963
msgid ""
"def get_votes(site):\n"
"    ballots = conduct_election(site)\n"
"    try:\n"
"        all_polls_closed.wait(timeout=midnight - time.now())\n"
"    except BrokenBarrierError:\n"
"        lockbox = seal_ballots(ballots)\n"
"        queue.put(lockbox)\n"
"    else:\n"
"        totals = summarize(ballots)\n"
"        publish(site, totals)"
msgstr ""
"def get_votes(site):\n"
"    ballots = conduct_election(site)\n"
"    try:\n"
"        all_polls_closed.wait(timeout=midnight - time.now())\n"
"    except BrokenBarrierError:\n"
"        lockbox = seal_ballots(ballots)\n"
"        queue.put(lockbox)\n"
"    else:\n"
"        totals = summarize(ballots)\n"
"        publish(site, totals)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:974
msgid ""
"In this example, the barrier enforces a more robust rule.  If some election "
"sites do not finish before midnight, the barrier times-out and the ballots "
"are sealed and deposited in a queue for later handling."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:978
msgid ""
"See `Barrier Synchronization Patterns <https://osl.cs.illinois.edu/media/"
"papers/karmani-2009-barrier_synchronization_pattern.pdf>`_ for more examples "
"of how barriers can be used in parallel computing.  Also, there is a simple "
"but thorough explanation of barriers in `The Little Book of Semaphores "
"<https://greenteapress.com/semaphores/LittleBookOfSemaphores.pdf>`_, "
"*section 3.6*."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:984
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson with an API review by Jeffrey Yasskin "
"in :issue:`8777`.)"
msgstr ""
"（在 :issue:`8777` 中由 Kristján Valur Jónsson 貢獻、Jeffrey Yasskin 進行 "
"API 審查。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:988
msgid "datetime and time"
msgstr "datetime 和 time"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:990
msgid ""
"The :mod:`datetime` module has a new type :class:`~datetime.timezone` that "
"implements the :class:`~datetime.tzinfo` interface by returning a fixed UTC "
"offset and timezone name. This makes it easier to create timezone-aware "
"datetime objects::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:995
msgid ""
">>> from datetime import datetime, timezone\n"
"\n"
">>> datetime.now(timezone.utc)\n"
"datetime.datetime(2010, 12, 8, 21, 4, 2, 923754, tzinfo=datetime.timezone."
"utc)\n"
"\n"
">>> datetime.strptime(\"01/01/2000 12:00 +0000\", \"%m/%d/%Y %H:%M %z\")\n"
"datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)"
msgstr ""
">>> from datetime import datetime, timezone\n"
"\n"
">>> datetime.now(timezone.utc)\n"
"datetime.datetime(2010, 12, 8, 21, 4, 2, 923754, tzinfo=datetime.timezone."
"utc)\n"
"\n"
">>> datetime.strptime(\"01/01/2000 12:00 +0000\", \"%m/%d/%Y %H:%M %z\")\n"
"datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1003
msgid ""
"Also, :class:`~datetime.timedelta` objects can now be multiplied by :class:"
"`float` and divided by :class:`float` and :class:`int` objects. And :class:"
"`~datetime.timedelta` objects can now divide one another."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1007
msgid ""
"The :meth:`datetime.date.strftime` method is no longer restricted to years "
"after 1900.  The new supported year range is from 1000 to 9999 inclusive."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1010
msgid ""
"Whenever a two-digit year is used in a time tuple, the interpretation has "
"been governed by :data:`!time.accept2dyear`.  The default is ``True`` which "
"means that for a two-digit year, the century is guessed according to the "
"POSIX rules governing the ``%y`` strptime format."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1015
msgid ""
"Starting with Py3.2, use of the century guessing heuristic will emit a :exc:"
"`DeprecationWarning`.  Instead, it is recommended that :data:`!time."
"accept2dyear` be set to ``False`` so that large date ranges can be used "
"without guesswork::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1020
msgid ""
">>> import time, warnings\n"
">>> warnings.resetwarnings()      # remove the default warning filters\n"
"\n"
">>> time.accept2dyear = True      # guess whether 11 means 11 or 2011\n"
">>> time.asctime((11, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56, 4, 1, 0))\n"
"Warning (from warnings module):\n"
"  ...\n"
"DeprecationWarning: Century info guessed for a 2-digit year.\n"
"'Fri Jan  1 12:34:56 2011'\n"
"\n"
">>> time.accept2dyear = False     # use the full range of allowable dates\n"
">>> time.asctime((11, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56, 4, 1, 0))\n"
"'Fri Jan  1 12:34:56 11'"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1034
msgid ""
"Several functions now have significantly expanded date ranges.  When :data:`!"
"time.accept2dyear` is false, the :func:`time.asctime` function will accept "
"any year that fits in a C int, while the :func:`time.mktime` and :func:`time."
"strftime` functions will accept the full range supported by the "
"corresponding operating system functions."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1040
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky and Victor Stinner in :issue:"
"`1289118`, :issue:`5094`, :issue:`6641`, :issue:`2706`, :issue:`1777412`, :"
"issue:`8013`, and :issue:`10827`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Alexander Belopolsky 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`1289118`、:issue:"
"`5094`、:issue:`6641`、:issue:`2706`、:issue:`1777412`、:issue:`8013` 和 :"
"issue:`10827` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1047
msgid "math"
msgstr "math"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1049
msgid ""
"The :mod:`math` module has been updated with six new functions inspired by "
"the C99 standard."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1052
msgid ""
"The :func:`~math.isfinite` function provides a reliable and fast way to "
"detect special values.  It returns ``True`` for regular numbers and "
"``False`` for *Nan* or *Infinity*:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1060
msgid ""
"The :func:`~math.expm1` function computes ``e**x-1`` for small values of *x* "
"without incurring the loss of precision that usually accompanies the "
"subtraction of nearly equal quantities:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1068
msgid ""
"The :func:`~math.erf` function computes a probability integral or `Gaussian "
"error function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_.  The "
"complementary error function, :func:`~math.erfc`, is ``1 - erf(x)``:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1072
msgid ""
">>> from math import erf, erfc, sqrt\n"
">>> erf(1.0/sqrt(2.0))   # portion of normal distribution within 1 standard "
"deviation\n"
"0.682689492137086\n"
">>> erfc(1.0/sqrt(2.0))  # portion of normal distribution outside 1 standard "
"deviation\n"
"0.31731050786291404\n"
">>> erf(1.0/sqrt(2.0)) + erfc(1.0/sqrt(2.0))\n"
"1.0"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1083
msgid ""
"The :func:`~math.gamma` function is a continuous extension of the factorial "
"function.  See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function for details.  "
"Because the function is related to factorials, it grows large even for small "
"values of *x*, so there is also a :func:`~math.lgamma` function for "
"computing the natural logarithm of the gamma function:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1095
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson.)"
msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1098
msgid "abc"
msgstr "abc"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1100
msgid ""
"The :mod:`abc` module now supports :func:`~abc.abstractclassmethod` and :"
"func:`~abc.abstractstaticmethod`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1103
msgid ""
"These tools make it possible to define an :term:`abstract base class` that "
"requires a particular :func:`classmethod` or :func:`staticmethod` to be "
"implemented::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1107
msgid ""
"class Temperature(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):\n"
"    @abc.abstractclassmethod\n"
"    def from_fahrenheit(cls, t):\n"
"        ...\n"
"    @abc.abstractclassmethod\n"
"    def from_celsius(cls, t):\n"
"        ..."
msgstr ""
"class Temperature(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):\n"
"    @abc.abstractclassmethod\n"
"    def from_fahrenheit(cls, t):\n"
"        ...\n"
"    @abc.abstractclassmethod\n"
"    def from_celsius(cls, t):\n"
"        ..."

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1115
msgid "(Patch submitted by Daniel Urban; :issue:`5867`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1118
msgid "io"
msgstr "io"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1120
msgid ""
"The :class:`io.BytesIO` has a new method, :meth:`~io.BytesIO.getbuffer`, "
"which provides functionality similar to :func:`memoryview`.  It creates an "
"editable view of the data without making a copy.  The buffer's random access "
"and support for slice notation are well-suited to in-place editing::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1125
msgid ""
">>> REC_LEN, LOC_START, LOC_LEN = 34, 7, 11\n"
"\n"
">>> def change_location(buffer, record_number, location):\n"
"...     start = record_number * REC_LEN + LOC_START\n"
"...     buffer[start: start+LOC_LEN] = location\n"
"\n"
">>> import io\n"
"\n"
">>> byte_stream = io.BytesIO(\n"
"...     b'G3805  storeroom  Main chassis    '\n"
"...     b'X7899  shipping   Reserve cog     '\n"
"...     b'L6988  receiving  Primary sprocket'\n"
"... )\n"
">>> buffer = byte_stream.getbuffer()\n"
">>> change_location(buffer, 1, b'warehouse  ')\n"
">>> change_location(buffer, 0, b'showroom   ')\n"
">>> print(byte_stream.getvalue())\n"
"b'G3805  showroom   Main chassis    '\n"
"b'X7899  warehouse  Reserve cog     '\n"
"b'L6988  receiving  Primary sprocket'"
msgstr ""
">>> REC_LEN, LOC_START, LOC_LEN = 34, 7, 11\n"
"\n"
">>> def change_location(buffer, record_number, location):\n"
"...     start = record_number * REC_LEN + LOC_START\n"
"...     buffer[start: start+LOC_LEN] = location\n"
"\n"
">>> import io\n"
"\n"
">>> byte_stream = io.BytesIO(\n"
"...     b'G3805  storeroom  Main chassis    '\n"
"...     b'X7899  shipping   Reserve cog     '\n"
"...     b'L6988  receiving  Primary sprocket'\n"
"... )\n"
">>> buffer = byte_stream.getbuffer()\n"
">>> change_location(buffer, 1, b'warehouse  ')\n"
">>> change_location(buffer, 0, b'showroom   ')\n"
">>> print(byte_stream.getvalue())\n"
"b'G3805  showroom   Main chassis    '\n"
"b'X7899  warehouse  Reserve cog     '\n"
"b'L6988  receiving  Primary sprocket'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1146
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`5506`.)"
msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`5506` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1149
msgid "reprlib"
msgstr "reprlib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1151
msgid ""
"When writing a :meth:`~object.__repr__` method for a custom container, it is "
"easy to forget to handle the case where a member refers back to the "
"container itself. Python's builtin objects such as :class:`list` and :class:"
"`set` handle self-reference by displaying \"...\" in the recursive part of "
"the representation string."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1157
msgid ""
"To help write such :meth:`~object.__repr__` methods, the :mod:`reprlib` "
"module has a new decorator, :func:`~reprlib.recursive_repr`, for detecting "
"recursive calls to :meth:`!__repr__` and substituting a placeholder string "
"instead::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1161
msgid ""
">>> class MyList(list):\n"
"...     @recursive_repr()\n"
"...     def __repr__(self):\n"
"...         return '<' + '|'.join(map(repr, self)) + '>'\n"
"...\n"
">>> m = MyList('abc')\n"
">>> m.append(m)\n"
">>> m.append('x')\n"
">>> print(m)\n"
"<'a'|'b'|'c'|...|'x'>"
msgstr ""
">>> class MyList(list):\n"
"...     @recursive_repr()\n"
"...     def __repr__(self):\n"
"...         return '<' + '|'.join(map(repr, self)) + '>'\n"
"...\n"
">>> m = MyList('abc')\n"
">>> m.append(m)\n"
">>> m.append('x')\n"
">>> print(m)\n"
"<'a'|'b'|'c'|...|'x'>"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1172
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`9826` and :issue:`9840`.)"
msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`9826` 和 :issue:`9840` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1175
msgid "logging"
msgstr "logging"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1177
msgid ""
"In addition to dictionary-based configuration described above, the :mod:"
"`logging` package has many other improvements."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1180
msgid ""
"The logging documentation has been augmented by a :ref:`basic tutorial "
"<logging-basic-tutorial>`\\, an :ref:`advanced tutorial <logging-advanced-"
"tutorial>`\\, and a :ref:`cookbook <logging-cookbook>` of logging recipes.  "
"These documents are the fastest way to learn about logging."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1185
msgid ""
"The :func:`logging.basicConfig` set-up function gained a *style* argument to "
"support three different types of string formatting.  It defaults to \"%\" "
"for traditional %-formatting, can be set to \"{\" for the new :meth:`str."
"format` style, or can be set to \"$\" for the shell-style formatting "
"provided by :class:`string.Template`.  The following three configurations "
"are equivalent::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1191
msgid ""
">>> from logging import basicConfig\n"
">>> basicConfig(style='%', format=\"%(name)s -> %(levelname)s: "
"%(message)s\")\n"
">>> basicConfig(style='{', format=\"{name} -> {levelname} {message}\")\n"
">>> basicConfig(style='$', format=\"$name -> $levelname: $message\")"
msgstr ""
">>> from logging import basicConfig\n"
">>> basicConfig(style='%', format=\"%(name)s -> %(levelname)s: "
"%(message)s\")\n"
">>> basicConfig(style='{', format=\"{name} -> {levelname} {message}\")\n"
">>> basicConfig(style='$', format=\"$name -> $levelname: $message\")"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1196
msgid ""
"If no configuration is set-up before a logging event occurs, there is now a "
"default configuration using a :class:`~logging.StreamHandler` directed to :"
"data:`sys.stderr` for events of ``WARNING`` level or higher.  Formerly, an "
"event occurring before a configuration was set-up would either raise an "
"exception or silently drop the event depending on the value of :data:"
"`logging.raiseExceptions`.  The new default handler is stored in :data:"
"`logging.lastResort`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1204
msgid ""
"The use of filters has been simplified.  Instead of creating a :class:"
"`~logging.Filter` object, the predicate can be any Python callable that "
"returns ``True`` or ``False``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1208
msgid ""
"There were a number of other improvements that add flexibility and simplify "
"configuration.  See the module documentation for a full listing of changes "
"in Python 3.2."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1213
msgid "csv"
msgstr "csv"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1215
msgid ""
"The :mod:`csv` module now supports a new dialect, :class:`~csv."
"unix_dialect`, which applies quoting for all fields and a traditional Unix "
"style with ``'\\n'`` as the line terminator.  The registered dialect name is "
"``unix``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1219
msgid ""
"The :class:`csv.DictWriter` has a new method, :meth:`~csv.DictWriter."
"writeheader` for writing-out an initial row to document the field names::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1223
msgid ""
">>> import csv, sys\n"
">>> w = csv.DictWriter(sys.stdout, ['name', 'dept'], dialect='unix')\n"
">>> w.writeheader()\n"
"\"name\",\"dept\"\n"
">>> w.writerows([\n"
"...     {'name': 'tom', 'dept': 'accounting'},\n"
"...     {'name': 'susan', 'dept': 'Salesl'}])\n"
"\"tom\",\"accounting\"\n"
"\"susan\",\"sales\""
msgstr ""
">>> import csv, sys\n"
">>> w = csv.DictWriter(sys.stdout, ['name', 'dept'], dialect='unix')\n"
">>> w.writeheader()\n"
"\"name\",\"dept\"\n"
">>> w.writerows([\n"
"...     {'name': 'tom', 'dept': 'accounting'},\n"
"...     {'name': 'susan', 'dept': 'Salesl'}])\n"
"\"tom\",\"accounting\"\n"
"\"susan\",\"sales\""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1233
msgid ""
"(New dialect suggested by Jay Talbot in :issue:`5975`, and the new method "
"suggested by Ed Abraham in :issue:`1537721`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1237
msgid "contextlib"
msgstr "contextlib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1239
msgid ""
"There is a new and slightly mind-blowing tool :class:`~contextlib."
"ContextDecorator` that is helpful for creating a :term:`context manager` "
"that does double duty as a function decorator."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1243
msgid ""
"As a convenience, this new functionality is used by :func:`~contextlib."
"contextmanager` so that no extra effort is needed to support both roles."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1247
msgid ""
"The basic idea is that both context managers and function decorators can be "
"used for pre-action and post-action wrappers.  Context managers wrap a group "
"of statements using a :keyword:`with` statement, and function decorators "
"wrap a group of statements enclosed in a function.  So, occasionally there "
"is a need to write a pre-action or post-action wrapper that can be used in "
"either role."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1253
msgid ""
"For example, it is sometimes useful to wrap functions or groups of "
"statements with a logger that can track the time of entry and time of exit.  "
"Rather than writing both a function decorator and a context manager for the "
"task, the :func:`~contextlib.contextmanager` provides both capabilities in a "
"single definition::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1259
msgid ""
"from contextlib import contextmanager\n"
"import logging\n"
"\n"
"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n"
"\n"
"@contextmanager\n"
"def track_entry_and_exit(name):\n"
"    logging.info('Entering: %s', name)\n"
"    yield\n"
"    logging.info('Exiting: %s', name)"
msgstr ""
"from contextlib import contextmanager\n"
"import logging\n"
"\n"
"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n"
"\n"
"@contextmanager\n"
"def track_entry_and_exit(name):\n"
"    logging.info('Entering: %s', name)\n"
"    yield\n"
"    logging.info('Exiting: %s', name)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1270
msgid "Formerly, this would have only been usable as a context manager::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1272
msgid ""
"with track_entry_and_exit('widget loader'):\n"
"    print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n"
"    load_widget()"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1276
msgid "Now, it can be used as a decorator as well::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1278
msgid ""
"@track_entry_and_exit('widget loader')\n"
"def activity():\n"
"    print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n"
"    load_widget()"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1283
msgid ""
"Trying to fulfill two roles at once places some limitations on the "
"technique. Context managers normally have the flexibility to return an "
"argument usable by a :keyword:`with` statement, but there is no parallel for "
"function decorators."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1287
msgid ""
"In the above example, there is not a clean way for the "
"*track_entry_and_exit* context manager to return a logging instance for use "
"in the body of enclosed statements."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1291
msgid "(Contributed by Michael Foord in :issue:`9110`.)"
msgstr "（由 Michael Foord 在 :issue:`9110` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1294
msgid "decimal and fractions"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1296
msgid ""
"Mark Dickinson crafted an elegant and efficient scheme for assuring that "
"different numeric datatypes will have the same hash value whenever their "
"actual values are equal (:issue:`8188`)::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1300
msgid ""
"assert hash(Fraction(3, 2)) == hash(1.5) == \\\n"
"       hash(Decimal(\"1.5\")) == hash(complex(1.5, 0))"
msgstr ""
"assert hash(Fraction(3, 2)) == hash(1.5) == \\\n"
"       hash(Decimal(\"1.5\")) == hash(complex(1.5, 0))"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1303
msgid ""
"Some of the hashing details are exposed through a new attribute, :data:`sys."
"hash_info`, which describes the bit width of the hash value, the prime "
"modulus, the hash values for *infinity* and *nan*, and the multiplier used "
"for the imaginary part of a number:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1311
msgid ""
"An early decision to limit the interoperability of various numeric types has "
"been relaxed.  It is still unsupported (and ill-advised) to have implicit "
"mixing in arithmetic expressions such as ``Decimal('1.1') + float('1.1')`` "
"because the latter loses information in the process of constructing the "
"binary float.  However, since existing floating-point value can be converted "
"losslessly to either a decimal or rational representation, it makes sense to "
"add them to the constructor and to support mixed-type comparisons."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1319
msgid ""
"The :class:`decimal.Decimal` constructor now accepts :class:`float` objects "
"directly so there in no longer a need to use the :meth:`~decimal.Decimal."
"from_float` method (:issue:`8257`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1323
msgid ""
"Mixed type comparisons are now fully supported so that :class:`~decimal."
"Decimal` objects can be directly compared with :class:`float` and :class:"
"`fractions.Fraction` (:issue:`2531` and :issue:`8188`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1327
msgid ""
"Similar changes were made to :class:`fractions.Fraction` so that the :meth:"
"`~fractions.Fraction.from_float` and :meth:`~fractions.Fraction."
"from_decimal` methods are no longer needed (:issue:`8294`):"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1338
msgid ""
"Another useful change for the :mod:`decimal` module is that the :attr:"
"`Context.clamp <decimal.Context.clamp>` attribute is now public.  This is "
"useful in creating contexts that correspond to the decimal interchange "
"formats specified in IEEE 754 (see :issue:`8540`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1343
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Raymond Hettinger.)"
msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson 和 Raymond Hettinger 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1346
msgid "ftp"
msgstr "ftp"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1348
msgid ""
"The :class:`ftplib.FTP` class now supports the context management protocol "
"to unconditionally consume :exc:`socket.error` exceptions and to close the "
"FTP connection when done::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1352
msgid ""
">>> from ftplib import FTP\n"
">>> with FTP(\"ftp1.at.proftpd.org\") as ftp:\n"
"        ftp.login()\n"
"        ftp.dir()\n"
"\n"
"'230 Anonymous login ok, restrictions apply.'\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x   9 ftp      ftp           154 May  6 10:43 .\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x   9 ftp      ftp           154 May  6 10:43 ..\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x   5 ftp      ftp          4096 May  6 10:43 CentOS\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x   3 ftp      ftp            18 Jul 10  2008 Fedora"
msgstr ""
">>> from ftplib import FTP\n"
">>> with FTP(\"ftp1.at.proftpd.org\") as ftp:\n"
"        ftp.login()\n"
"        ftp.dir()\n"
"\n"
"'230 Anonymous login ok, restrictions apply.'\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x   9 ftp      ftp           154 May  6 10:43 .\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x   9 ftp      ftp           154 May  6 10:43 ..\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x   5 ftp      ftp          4096 May  6 10:43 CentOS\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x   3 ftp      ftp            18 Jul 10  2008 Fedora"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1363
msgid ""
"Other file-like objects such as :class:`mmap.mmap` and :func:`fileinput."
"input` also grew auto-closing context managers::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1366
msgid ""
"with fileinput.input(files=('log1.txt', 'log2.txt')) as f:\n"
"    for line in f:\n"
"        process(line)"
msgstr ""
"with fileinput.input(files=('log1.txt', 'log2.txt')) as f:\n"
"    for line in f:\n"
"        process(line)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1370
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé and Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`4972`, and by "
"Georg Brandl in :issue:`8046` and :issue:`1286`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Tarek Ziadé 和 Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`4972` 中貢獻，由 Georg "
"Brandl 在 :issue:`8046` 和 :issue:`1286` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1373
msgid ""
"The :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` class now accepts a *context* parameter, which "
"is a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object allowing bundling SSL configuration "
"options, certificates and private keys into a single (potentially long-"
"lived) structure."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1377
msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`8806`.)"
msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodolà 貢獻；:issue:`8806`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1380
msgid "popen"
msgstr "popen"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1382
msgid ""
"The :func:`os.popen` and :func:`subprocess.Popen` functions now support :"
"keyword:`with` statements for auto-closing of the file descriptors."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1385
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Brian Curtin in :issue:`7461` and :issue:"
"`10554`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Antoine Pitrou 和 Brian Curtin 在 :issue:`7461` 和 :issue:`10554` 中貢"
"獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1389
msgid "select"
msgstr "select"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1391
msgid ""
"The :mod:`select` module now exposes a new, constant attribute, :const:"
"`~select.PIPE_BUF`, which gives the minimum number of bytes which are "
"guaranteed not to block when :func:`select.select` says a pipe is ready for "
"writing."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1400
msgid "(Available on Unix systems. Patch by Sébastien Sablé in :issue:`9862`)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1403
msgid "gzip and zipfile"
msgstr "gzip 和 zipfile"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1405
msgid ""
":class:`gzip.GzipFile` now implements the :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` :term:"
"`abstract base class` (except for ``truncate()``).  It also has a :meth:"
"`~gzip.GzipFile.peek` method and supports unseekable as well as zero-padded "
"file objects."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1410
msgid ""
"The :mod:`gzip` module also gains the :func:`~gzip.compress` and :func:"
"`~gzip.decompress` functions for easier in-memory compression and "
"decompression.  Keep in mind that text needs to be encoded as :class:`bytes` "
"before compressing and decompressing:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1427
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Anand B. Pillai in :issue:`3488`; and by Antoine Pitrou, Nir "
"Aides and Brian Curtin in :issue:`9962`, :issue:`1675951`, :issue:`7471` "
"and :issue:`2846`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Anand B. Pillai 在 :issue:`3488` 中貢獻；由 Antoine Pitrou、Nir Aides "
"和 Brian Curtin 在 :issue:`9962`、:issue:`1675951`、:issue:`7471` 和 :issue:"
"`2846` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1431
msgid ""
"Also, the :class:`zipfile.ZipExtFile <zipfile.ZipFile.open>` class was "
"reworked internally to represent files stored inside an archive.  The new "
"implementation is significantly faster and can be wrapped in an :class:`io."
"BufferedReader` object for more speedups.  It also solves an issue where "
"interleaved calls to *read* and *readline* gave the wrong results."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1437
msgid "(Patch submitted by Nir Aides in :issue:`7610`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1440
msgid "tarfile"
msgstr "tarfile"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1442
msgid ""
"The :class:`~tarfile.TarFile` class can now be used as a context manager.  "
"In addition, its :meth:`~tarfile.TarFile.add` method has a new option, "
"*filter*, that controls which files are added to the archive and allows the "
"file metadata to be edited."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1447
msgid ""
"The new *filter* option replaces the older, less flexible *exclude* "
"parameter which is now deprecated.  If specified, the optional *filter* "
"parameter needs to be a :term:`keyword argument`.  The user-supplied filter "
"function accepts a :class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` object and returns an updated :"
"class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` object, or if it wants the file to be excluded, the "
"function can return ``None``::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1454
msgid ""
">>> import tarfile, glob\n"
"\n"
">>> def myfilter(tarinfo):\n"
"...     if tarinfo.isfile():             # only save real files\n"
"...         tarinfo.uname = 'monty'      # redact the user name\n"
"...         return tarinfo\n"
"\n"
">>> with tarfile.open(name='myarchive.tar.gz', mode='w:gz') as tf:\n"
"...     for filename in glob.glob('*.txt'):\n"
"...         tf.add(filename, filter=myfilter)\n"
"...     tf.list()\n"
"-rw-r--r-- monty/501        902 2011-01-26 17:59:11 annotations.txt\n"
"-rw-r--r-- monty/501        123 2011-01-26 17:59:11 general_questions.txt\n"
"-rw-r--r-- monty/501       3514 2011-01-26 17:59:11 prion.txt\n"
"-rw-r--r-- monty/501        124 2011-01-26 17:59:11 py_todo.txt\n"
"-rw-r--r-- monty/501       1399 2011-01-26 17:59:11 semaphore_notes.txt"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1471
msgid ""
"(Proposed by Tarek Ziadé and implemented by Lars Gustäbel in :issue:`6856`.)"
msgstr "（由 Tarek Ziadé 提議並由 Lars Gustäbel 實作於 :issue:`6856`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1474
msgid "hashlib"
msgstr "hashlib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1476
msgid ""
"The :mod:`hashlib` module has two new constant attributes listing the "
"hashing algorithms guaranteed to be present in all implementations and those "
"available on the current implementation::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1480
msgid ""
">>> import hashlib\n"
"\n"
">>> hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed\n"
"{'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha384', 'sha256', 'sha512', 'md5'}\n"
"\n"
">>> hashlib.algorithms_available\n"
"{'md2', 'SHA256', 'SHA512', 'dsaWithSHA', 'mdc2', 'SHA224', 'MD4', "
"'sha256',\n"
"'sha512', 'ripemd160', 'SHA1', 'MDC2', 'SHA', 'SHA384', 'MD2',\n"
"'ecdsa-with-SHA1','md4', 'md5', 'sha1', 'DSA-SHA', 'sha224',\n"
"'dsaEncryption', 'DSA', 'RIPEMD160', 'sha', 'MD5', 'sha384'}"
msgstr ""
">>> import hashlib\n"
"\n"
">>> hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed\n"
"{'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha384', 'sha256', 'sha512', 'md5'}\n"
"\n"
">>> hashlib.algorithms_available\n"
"{'md2', 'SHA256', 'SHA512', 'dsaWithSHA', 'mdc2', 'SHA224', 'MD4', "
"'sha256',\n"
"'sha512', 'ripemd160', 'SHA1', 'MDC2', 'SHA', 'SHA384', 'MD2',\n"
"'ecdsa-with-SHA1','md4', 'md5', 'sha1', 'DSA-SHA', 'sha224',\n"
"'dsaEncryption', 'DSA', 'RIPEMD160', 'sha', 'MD5', 'sha384'}"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1491
msgid "(Suggested by Carl Chenet in :issue:`7418`.)"
msgstr "（由 Carl Chenet 在 :issue:`7418` 中提議。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1494
msgid "ast"
msgstr "ast"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1496
msgid ""
"The :mod:`ast` module has a wonderful a general-purpose tool for safely "
"evaluating expression strings using the Python literal syntax.  The :func:"
"`ast.literal_eval` function serves as a secure alternative to the builtin :"
"func:`eval` function which is easily abused.  Python 3.2 adds :class:`bytes` "
"and :class:`set` literals to the list of supported types: strings, bytes, "
"numbers, tuples, lists, dicts, sets, booleans, and ``None``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1505
msgid ""
">>> from ast import literal_eval\n"
"\n"
">>> request = \"{'req': 3, 'func': 'pow', 'args': (2, 0.5)}\"\n"
">>> literal_eval(request)\n"
"{'args': (2, 0.5), 'req': 3, 'func': 'pow'}\n"
"\n"
">>> request = \"os.system('do something harmful')\"\n"
">>> literal_eval(request)\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  ...\n"
"ValueError: malformed node or string: <_ast.Call object at 0x101739a10>"
msgstr ""
">>> from ast import literal_eval\n"
"\n"
">>> request = \"{'req': 3, 'func': 'pow', 'args': (2, 0.5)}\"\n"
">>> literal_eval(request)\n"
"{'args': (2, 0.5), 'req': 3, 'func': 'pow'}\n"
"\n"
">>> request = \"os.system('do something harmful')\"\n"
">>> literal_eval(request)\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  ...\n"
"ValueError: malformed node or string: <_ast.Call object at 0x101739a10>"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1517
msgid "(Implemented by Benjamin Peterson and Georg Brandl.)"
msgstr "（由 Benjamin Peterson 和 Georg Brandl 實作。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1520
msgid "os"
msgstr "os"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1522
msgid ""
"Different operating systems use various encodings for filenames and "
"environment variables.  The :mod:`os` module provides two new functions, :"
"func:`~os.fsencode` and :func:`~os.fsdecode`, for encoding and decoding "
"filenames:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1532
msgid ""
"Some operating systems allow direct access to encoded bytes in the "
"environment.  If so, the :const:`os.supports_bytes_environ` constant will be "
"true."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1536
msgid ""
"For direct access to encoded environment variables (if available), use the "
"new :func:`os.getenvb` function or use :data:`os.environb` which is a bytes "
"version of :data:`os.environ`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1540
msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner.)"
msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1543
msgid "shutil"
msgstr "shutil"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1545
msgid "The :func:`shutil.copytree` function has two new options:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1547
msgid ""
"*ignore_dangling_symlinks*: when ``symlinks=False`` so that the function "
"copies a file pointed to by a symlink, not the symlink itself. This option "
"will silence the error raised if the file doesn't exist."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1551
msgid ""
"*copy_function*: is a callable that will be used to copy files. :func:"
"`shutil.copy2` is used by default."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1554 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1592
msgid "(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé.)"
msgstr "（由 Tarek Ziadé 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1556
msgid ""
"In addition, the :mod:`shutil` module now supports :ref:`archiving "
"operations <archiving-operations>` for zipfiles, uncompressed tarfiles, "
"gzipped tarfiles, and bzipped tarfiles.  And there are functions for "
"registering additional archiving file formats (such as xz compressed "
"tarfiles or custom formats)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1561
msgid ""
"The principal functions are :func:`~shutil.make_archive` and :func:`~shutil."
"unpack_archive`.  By default, both operate on the current directory (which "
"can be set by :func:`os.chdir`) and on any sub-directories. The archive "
"filename needs to be specified with a full pathname.  The archiving step is "
"non-destructive (the original files are left unchanged)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1569
msgid ""
">>> import shutil, pprint\n"
"\n"
">>> os.chdir('mydata')  # change to the source directory\n"
">>> f = shutil.make_archive('/var/backup/mydata',\n"
"...                         'zip')      # archive the current directory\n"
">>> f                                   # show the name of archive\n"
"'/var/backup/mydata.zip'\n"
">>> os.chdir('tmp')                     # change to an unpacking\n"
">>> shutil.unpack_archive('/var/backup/mydata.zip')  # recover the data\n"
"\n"
">>> pprint.pprint(shutil.get_archive_formats())  # display known formats\n"
"[('bztar', \"bzip2'ed tar-file\"),\n"
" ('gztar', \"gzip'ed tar-file\"),\n"
" ('tar', 'uncompressed tar file'),\n"
" ('zip', 'ZIP file')]\n"
"\n"
">>> shutil.register_archive_format(     # register a new archive format\n"
"...     name='xz',\n"
"...     function=xz.compress,           # callable archiving function\n"
"...     extra_args=[('level', 8)],      # arguments to the function\n"
"...     description='xz compression'\n"
"... )"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1595
msgid "sqlite3"
msgstr "sqlite3"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1597
msgid ""
"The :mod:`sqlite3` module was updated to pysqlite version 2.6.0.  It has two "
"new capabilities."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1599
msgid ""
"The :attr:`!sqlite3.Connection.in_transit` attribute is true if there is an "
"active transaction for uncommitted changes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1602
msgid ""
"The :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension` and :meth:`sqlite3."
"Connection.load_extension` methods allows you to load SQLite extensions from "
"\".so\" files.  One well-known extension is the fulltext-search extension "
"distributed with SQLite."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1607
msgid "(Contributed by R. David Murray and Shashwat Anand; :issue:`8845`.)"
msgstr "（由 R. David Murray 和 Shashwat Anand 貢獻；:issue:`8845`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1610
msgid "html"
msgstr "html"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1612
msgid ""
"A new :mod:`html` module was introduced with only a single function, :func:"
"`~html.escape`, which is used for escaping reserved characters from HTML "
"markup:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1621
msgid "socket"
msgstr "socket"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1623
msgid "The :mod:`socket` module has two new improvements."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1625
msgid ""
"Socket objects now have a :meth:`~socket.socket.detach` method which puts "
"the socket into closed state without actually closing the underlying file "
"descriptor.  The latter can then be reused for other purposes. (Added by "
"Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8524`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1630
msgid ""
":func:`socket.create_connection` now supports the context management "
"protocol to unconditionally consume :exc:`socket.error` exceptions and to "
"close the socket when done. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`9794`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1636
msgid "ssl"
msgstr "ssl"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1638
msgid ""
"The :mod:`ssl` module added a number of features to satisfy common "
"requirements for secure (encrypted, authenticated) internet connections:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1641
msgid ""
"A new class, :class:`~ssl.SSLContext`, serves as a container for persistent "
"SSL data, such as protocol settings, certificates, private keys, and various "
"other options. It includes a :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` for "
"creating an SSL socket from an SSL context."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1646
msgid ""
"A new function, :func:`!ssl.match_hostname`, supports server identity "
"verification for higher-level protocols by implementing the rules of HTTPS "
"(from :rfc:`2818`) which are also suitable for other protocols."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1650
msgid ""
"The :func:`ssl.wrap_socket() <ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket>` constructor "
"function now takes a *ciphers* argument.  The *ciphers* string lists the "
"allowed encryption algorithms using the format described in the `OpenSSL "
"documentation <https://docs.openssl.org/1.0.2/man1/ciphers/#cipher-list-"
"format>`__."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1655
msgid ""
"When linked against recent versions of OpenSSL, the :mod:`ssl` module now "
"supports the Server Name Indication extension to the TLS protocol, allowing "
"multiple \"virtual hosts\" using different certificates on a single IP port. "
"This extension is only supported in client mode, and is activated by passing "
"the *server_hostname* argument to :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1661
msgid ""
"Various options have been added to the :mod:`ssl` module, such as :data:"
"`~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2` which disables the insecure and obsolete SSLv2 protocol."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1665
msgid ""
"The extension now loads all the OpenSSL ciphers and digest algorithms.  If "
"some SSL certificates cannot be verified, they are reported as an \"unknown "
"algorithm\" error."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1669
msgid ""
"The version of OpenSSL being used is now accessible using the module "
"attributes :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string), :const:`ssl."
"OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` (a 5-tuple), and :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` "
"(an integer)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1674
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`8850`, :issue:`1589`, :issue:"
"`8322`, :issue:`5639`, :issue:`4870`, :issue:`8484`, and :issue:`8321`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`8850`、:issue:`1589`、:issue:`8322`、:issue:"
"`5639`、:issue:`4870`、:issue:`8484` 和 :issue:`8321` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1678
msgid "nntp"
msgstr "nntp"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1680
msgid ""
"The :mod:`!nntplib` module has a revamped implementation with better bytes "
"and text semantics as well as more practical APIs.  These improvements break "
"compatibility with the nntplib version in Python 3.1, which was partly "
"dysfunctional in itself."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1685
msgid ""
"Support for secure connections through both implicit (using :class:`!nntplib."
"NNTP_SSL`) and explicit (using :meth:`!nntplib.NNTP.starttls`) TLS has also "
"been added."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1689
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`9360` and Andrew Vant in :issue:"
"`1926`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`9360` 中和 Andrew Vant 在 :issue:`1926` 中貢"
"獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1692
msgid "certificates"
msgstr "certificates"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1694
msgid ""
":class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection`, :class:`urllib.request.HTTPSHandler` "
"and :func:`urllib.request.urlopen` now take optional arguments to allow for "
"server certificate checking against a set of Certificate Authorities, as "
"recommended in public uses of HTTPS."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1699
msgid "(Added by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`9003`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1702
msgid "imaplib"
msgstr "imaplib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1704
msgid ""
"Support for explicit TLS on standard IMAP4 connections has been added "
"through the new :mod:`imaplib.IMAP4.starttls` method."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1707
msgid "(Contributed by Lorenzo M. Catucci and Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`4471`.)"
msgstr "（由 Lorenzo M. Catucci 和 Antoine Pitrou 於 :issue:`4471` 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1710
msgid "http.client"
msgstr "http.client"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1712
msgid ""
"There were a number of small API improvements in the :mod:`http.client` "
"module. The old-style HTTP 0.9 simple responses are no longer supported and "
"the *strict* parameter is deprecated in all classes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1716
msgid ""
"The :class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` and :class:`~http.client."
"HTTPSConnection` classes now have a *source_address* parameter for a (host, "
"port) tuple indicating where the HTTP connection is made from."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1721
msgid ""
"Support for certificate checking and HTTPS virtual hosts were added to :"
"class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1724
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~http.client.HTTPConnection.request` method on connection objects "
"allowed an optional *body* argument so that a :term:`file object` could be "
"used to supply the content of the request.  Conveniently, the *body* "
"argument now also accepts an :term:`iterable` object so long as it includes "
"an explicit ``Content-Length`` header.  This extended interface is much more "
"flexible than before."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1731
msgid ""
"To establish an HTTPS connection through a proxy server, there is a new :"
"meth:`~http.client.HTTPConnection.set_tunnel` method that sets the host and "
"port for HTTP Connect tunneling."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1735
msgid ""
"To match the behavior of :mod:`http.server`, the HTTP client library now "
"also encodes headers with ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) encoding.  It was already "
"doing that for incoming headers, so now the behavior is consistent for both "
"incoming and outgoing traffic. (See work by Armin Ronacher in :issue:"
"`10980`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1741
msgid "unittest"
msgstr "unittest"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1743
msgid ""
"The unittest module has a number of improvements supporting test discovery "
"for packages, easier experimentation at the interactive prompt, new testcase "
"methods, improved diagnostic messages for test failures, and better method "
"names."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1748
msgid ""
"The command-line call ``python -m unittest`` can now accept file paths "
"instead of module names for running specific tests (:issue:`10620`).  The "
"new test discovery can find tests within packages, locating any test "
"importable from the top-level directory.  The top-level directory can be "
"specified with the ``-t`` option, a pattern for matching files with ``-p``, "
"and a directory to start discovery with ``-s``:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1755
msgid "$ python -m unittest discover -s my_proj_dir -p _test.py"
msgstr "$ python -m unittest discover -s my_proj_dir -p _test.py"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1759 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1768
#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1924
msgid "(Contributed by Michael Foord.)"
msgstr "（由 Michael Foord 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1761
msgid ""
"Experimentation at the interactive prompt is now easier because the :class:"
"`unittest.TestCase` class can now be instantiated without arguments:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1770
msgid ""
"The :mod:`unittest` module has two new methods, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase."
"assertWarns` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertWarnsRegex` to verify that "
"a given warning type is triggered by the code under test::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1775
msgid ""
"with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):\n"
"    legacy_function('XYZ')"
msgstr ""
"with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):\n"
"    legacy_function('XYZ')"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1778
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`9754`.)"
msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 於 :issue:`9754` 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1780
msgid ""
"Another new method, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertCountEqual` is used to "
"compare two iterables to determine if their element counts are equal "
"(whether the same elements are present with the same number of occurrences "
"regardless of order)::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1785
msgid ""
"def test_anagram(self):\n"
"    self.assertCountEqual('algorithm', 'logarithm')"
msgstr ""
"def test_anagram(self):\n"
"    self.assertCountEqual('algorithm', 'logarithm')"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1790
msgid ""
"A principal feature of the unittest module is an effort to produce "
"meaningful diagnostics when a test fails.  When possible, the failure is "
"recorded along with a diff of the output.  This is especially helpful for "
"analyzing log files of failed test runs. However, since diffs can sometime "
"be voluminous, there is a new :attr:`~unittest.TestCase.maxDiff` attribute "
"that sets maximum length of diffs displayed."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1797
msgid ""
"In addition, the method names in the module have undergone a number of clean-"
"ups."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1799
msgid ""
"For example, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRegex` is the new name for :"
"meth:`!assertRegexpMatches` which was misnamed because the test uses :func:"
"`re.search`, not :func:`re.match`.  Other methods using regular expressions "
"are now named using short form \"Regex\" in preference to \"Regexp\" -- this "
"matches the names used in other unittest implementations, matches Python's "
"old name for the :mod:`re` module, and it has unambiguous camel-casing."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1807
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Ezio Melotti.)"
msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 貢獻，由 Ezio Melotti 實作。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1809
msgid ""
"To improve consistency, some long-standing method aliases are being "
"deprecated in favor of the preferred names:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1813
msgid "Old Name"
msgstr "舊名稱"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1813
msgid "Preferred Name"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1815
msgid ":meth:`!assert_`"
msgstr ":meth:`!assert_`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1815
msgid ":meth:`.assertTrue`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertTrue`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1816
msgid ":meth:`!assertEquals`"
msgstr ":meth:`!assertEquals`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1816
msgid ":meth:`.assertEqual`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertEqual`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1817
msgid ":meth:`!assertNotEquals`"
msgstr ":meth:`!assertNotEquals`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1817
msgid ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1818
msgid ":meth:`!assertAlmostEquals`"
msgstr ":meth:`!assertAlmostEquals`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1818
msgid ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1819
msgid ":meth:`!assertNotAlmostEquals`"
msgstr ":meth:`!assertNotAlmostEquals`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1819
msgid ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1822
msgid ""
"Likewise, the ``TestCase.fail*`` methods deprecated in Python 3.1 are "
"expected to be removed in Python 3.3."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1825
msgid "(Contributed by Ezio Melotti; :issue:`9424`.)"
msgstr "（由 Ezio Melotti 貢獻；:issue:`9424`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1827
msgid ""
"The :meth:`!assertDictContainsSubset` method was deprecated because it was "
"misimplemented with the arguments in the wrong order.  This created hard-to-"
"debug optical illusions where tests like ``TestCase()."
"assertDictContainsSubset({'a':1, 'b':2}, {'a':1})`` would fail."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1835
msgid "random"
msgstr "random"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1837
msgid ""
"The integer methods in the :mod:`random` module now do a better job of "
"producing uniform distributions.  Previously, they computed selections with "
"``int(n*random())`` which had a slight bias whenever *n* was not a power of "
"two. Now, multiple selections are made from a range up to the next power of "
"two and a selection is kept only when it falls within the range ``0 <= x < "
"n``.  The functions and methods affected are :func:`~random.randrange`, :"
"func:`~random.randint`, :func:`~random.choice`, :func:`~random.shuffle` and :"
"func:`~random.sample`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1846
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`9025`.)"
msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 貢獻；:issue:`9025`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1849
msgid "poplib"
msgstr "poplib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1851
msgid ""
":class:`~poplib.POP3_SSL` class now accepts a *context* parameter, which is "
"a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object allowing bundling SSL configuration "
"options, certificates and private keys into a single (potentially long-"
"lived) structure."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1856
msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`8807`.)"
msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodolà 貢獻；:issue:`8807`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1859
msgid "asyncore"
msgstr "asyncore"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1861
msgid ""
":class:`!asyncore.dispatcher` now provides a :meth:`!handle_accepted` method "
"returning a ``(sock, addr)`` pair which is called when a connection has "
"actually been established with a new remote endpoint. This is supposed to be "
"used as a replacement for old :meth:`!handle_accept` and avoids the user  to "
"call :meth:`!accept` directly."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1868
msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`6706`.)"
msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodolà 貢獻；:issue:`6706`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1871
msgid "tempfile"
msgstr "tempfile"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1873
msgid ""
"The :mod:`tempfile` module has a new context manager, :class:`~tempfile."
"TemporaryDirectory` which provides easy deterministic cleanup of temporary "
"directories::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1877
msgid ""
"with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:\n"
"    print('created temporary dir:', tmpdirname)"
msgstr ""
"with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:\n"
"    print('created temporary dir:', tmpdirname)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1880
msgid "(Contributed by Neil Schemenauer and Nick Coghlan; :issue:`5178`.)"
msgstr "（由 Neil Schedulenauer 和 Nick Coghlan 貢獻；:issue:`5178`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1883
msgid "inspect"
msgstr "inspect"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1885
msgid ""
"The :mod:`inspect` module has a new function :func:`~inspect."
"getgeneratorstate` to easily identify the current state of a generator-"
"iterator::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1889
msgid ""
">>> from inspect import getgeneratorstate\n"
">>> def gen():\n"
"...     yield 'demo'\n"
"...\n"
">>> g = gen()\n"
">>> getgeneratorstate(g)\n"
"'GEN_CREATED'\n"
">>> next(g)\n"
"'demo'\n"
">>> getgeneratorstate(g)\n"
"'GEN_SUSPENDED'\n"
">>> next(g, None)\n"
">>> getgeneratorstate(g)\n"
"'GEN_CLOSED'"
msgstr ""
">>> from inspect import getgeneratorstate\n"
">>> def gen():\n"
"...     yield 'demo'\n"
"...\n"
">>> g = gen()\n"
">>> getgeneratorstate(g)\n"
"'GEN_CREATED'\n"
">>> next(g)\n"
"'demo'\n"
">>> getgeneratorstate(g)\n"
"'GEN_SUSPENDED'\n"
">>> next(g, None)\n"
">>> getgeneratorstate(g)\n"
"'GEN_CLOSED'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1904
msgid "(Contributed by Rodolpho Eckhardt and Nick Coghlan, :issue:`10220`.)"
msgstr "（由 Rodolfo Eckhardt 和 Nick Coghlan 於 :issue:`10220` 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1906
msgid ""
"To support lookups without the possibility of activating a dynamic "
"attribute, the :mod:`inspect` module has a new function, :func:`~inspect."
"getattr_static`. Unlike :func:`hasattr`, this is a true read-only search, "
"guaranteed not to change state while it is searching::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1911
msgid ""
">>> class A:\n"
"...     @property\n"
"...     def f(self):\n"
"...         print('Running')\n"
"...         return 10\n"
"...\n"
">>> a = A()\n"
">>> getattr(a, 'f')\n"
"Running\n"
"10\n"
">>> inspect.getattr_static(a, 'f')\n"
"<property object at 0x1022bd788>"
msgstr ""
">>> class A:\n"
"...     @property\n"
"...     def f(self):\n"
"...         print('Running')\n"
"...         return 10\n"
"...\n"
">>> a = A()\n"
">>> getattr(a, 'f')\n"
"Running\n"
"10\n"
">>> inspect.getattr_static(a, 'f')\n"
"<property object at 0x1022bd788>"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1927
msgid "pydoc"
msgstr "pydoc"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1929
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pydoc` module now provides a much-improved web server interface, "
"as well as a new command-line option ``-b`` to automatically open a browser "
"window to display that server:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1933
msgid "$ pydoc3.2 -b"
msgstr "$ pydoc3.2 -b"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1937
msgid "(Contributed by Ron Adam; :issue:`2001`.)"
msgstr "（由 Ron Adam 貢獻；:issue:`2001`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1940
msgid "dis"
msgstr "dis"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1942
msgid ""
"The :mod:`dis` module gained two new functions for inspecting code, :func:"
"`~dis.code_info` and :func:`~dis.show_code`.  Both provide detailed code "
"object information for the supplied function, method, source code string or "
"code object.  The former returns a string and the latter prints it::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1947
msgid ""
">>> import dis, random\n"
">>> dis.show_code(random.choice)\n"
"Name:              choice\n"
"Filename:          /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/"
"python3.2/random.py\n"
"Argument count:    2\n"
"Kw-only arguments: 0\n"
"Number of locals:  3\n"
"Stack size:        11\n"
"Flags:             OPTIMIZED, NEWLOCALS, NOFREE\n"
"Constants:\n"
"   0: 'Choose a random element from a non-empty sequence.'\n"
"   1: 'Cannot choose from an empty sequence'\n"
"Names:\n"
"   0: _randbelow\n"
"   1: len\n"
"   2: ValueError\n"
"   3: IndexError\n"
"Variable names:\n"
"   0: self\n"
"   1: seq\n"
"   2: i"
msgstr ""
">>> import dis, random\n"
">>> dis.show_code(random.choice)\n"
"Name:              choice\n"
"Filename:          /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/"
"python3.2/random.py\n"
"Argument count:    2\n"
"Kw-only arguments: 0\n"
"Number of locals:  3\n"
"Stack size:        11\n"
"Flags:             OPTIMIZED, NEWLOCALS, NOFREE\n"
"Constants:\n"
"   0: 'Choose a random element from a non-empty sequence.'\n"
"   1: 'Cannot choose from an empty sequence'\n"
"Names:\n"
"   0: _randbelow\n"
"   1: len\n"
"   2: ValueError\n"
"   3: IndexError\n"
"Variable names:\n"
"   0: self\n"
"   1: seq\n"
"   2: i"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1969
msgid ""
"In addition, the :func:`~dis.dis` function now accepts string arguments so "
"that the common idiom ``dis(compile(s, '', 'eval'))`` can be shortened to "
"``dis(s)``::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1973
msgid ""
">>> dis('3*x+1 if x%2==1 else x//2')\n"
"  1           0 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)\n"
"              3 LOAD_CONST               0 (2)\n"
"              6 BINARY_MODULO\n"
"              7 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)\n"
"             10 COMPARE_OP               2 (==)\n"
"             13 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE       28\n"
"             16 LOAD_CONST               2 (3)\n"
"             19 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)\n"
"             22 BINARY_MULTIPLY\n"
"             23 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)\n"
"             26 BINARY_ADD\n"
"             27 RETURN_VALUE\n"
"        >>   28 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)\n"
"             31 LOAD_CONST               0 (2)\n"
"             34 BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE\n"
"             35 RETURN_VALUE"
msgstr ""
">>> dis('3*x+1 if x%2==1 else x//2')\n"
"  1           0 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)\n"
"              3 LOAD_CONST               0 (2)\n"
"              6 BINARY_MODULO\n"
"              7 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)\n"
"             10 COMPARE_OP               2 (==)\n"
"             13 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE       28\n"
"             16 LOAD_CONST               2 (3)\n"
"             19 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)\n"
"             22 BINARY_MULTIPLY\n"
"             23 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)\n"
"             26 BINARY_ADD\n"
"             27 RETURN_VALUE\n"
"        >>   28 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)\n"
"             31 LOAD_CONST               0 (2)\n"
"             34 BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE\n"
"             35 RETURN_VALUE"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1991
msgid ""
"Taken together, these improvements make it easier to explore how CPython is "
"implemented and to see for yourself what the language syntax does under-the-"
"hood."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1995
msgid "(Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`9147`.)"
msgstr "（由 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`9147` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1998
msgid "dbm"
msgstr "dbm"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2000
msgid ""
"All database modules now support the :meth:`!get` and :meth:`!setdefault` "
"methods."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2002
msgid "(Suggested by Ray Allen in :issue:`9523`.)"
msgstr "（由 Ray Allen 在 :issue:`9523` 中建議。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2005
msgid "ctypes"
msgstr "ctypes"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2007
msgid ""
"A new type, :class:`ctypes.c_ssize_t` represents the C :c:type:`ssize_t` "
"datatype."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2010
msgid "site"
msgstr "site"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2012
msgid ""
"The :mod:`site` module has three new functions useful for reporting on the "
"details of a given Python installation."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2015
msgid ""
":func:`~site.getsitepackages` lists all global site-packages directories."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2017
msgid ""
":func:`~site.getuserbase` reports on the user's base directory where data "
"can be stored."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2020
msgid ""
":func:`~site.getusersitepackages` reveals the user-specific site-packages "
"directory path."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2025
msgid ""
">>> import site\n"
">>> site.getsitepackages()\n"
"['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/python3.2/site-"
"packages',\n"
" '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/site-python',\n"
" '/Library/Python/3.2/site-packages']\n"
">>> site.getuserbase()\n"
"'/Users/raymondhettinger/Library/Python/3.2'\n"
">>> site.getusersitepackages()\n"
"'/Users/raymondhettinger/Library/Python/3.2/lib/python/site-packages'"
msgstr ""
">>> import site\n"
">>> site.getsitepackages()\n"
"['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/python3.2/site-"
"packages',\n"
" '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/site-python',\n"
" '/Library/Python/3.2/site-packages']\n"
">>> site.getuserbase()\n"
"'/Users/raymondhettinger/Library/Python/3.2'\n"
">>> site.getusersitepackages()\n"
"'/Users/raymondhettinger/Library/Python/3.2/lib/python/site-packages'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2035
msgid ""
"Conveniently, some of site's functionality is accessible directly from the "
"command-line:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2038
msgid ""
"$ python -m site --user-base\n"
"/Users/raymondhettinger/.local\n"
"$ python -m site --user-site\n"
"/Users/raymondhettinger/.local/lib/python3.2/site-packages"
msgstr ""
"$ python -m site --user-base\n"
"/Users/raymondhettinger/.local\n"
"$ python -m site --user-site\n"
"/Users/raymondhettinger/.local/lib/python3.2/site-packages"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2045
msgid "(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé in :issue:`6693`.)"
msgstr "（由 Tarek Ziadé 在 :issue:`6693` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2048
msgid "sysconfig"
msgstr "sysconfig"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2050
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`sysconfig` module makes it straightforward to discover "
"installation paths and configuration variables that vary across platforms "
"and installations."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2054
msgid ""
"The module offers access simple access functions for platform and version "
"information:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2057
msgid ""
":func:`~sysconfig.get_platform` returning values like *linux-i586* or "
"*macosx-10.6-ppc*."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2059
msgid ""
":func:`~sysconfig.get_python_version` returns a Python version string such "
"as \"3.2\"."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2062
msgid ""
"It also provides access to the paths and variables corresponding to one of "
"seven named schemes used by ``distutils``.  Those include *posix_prefix*, "
"*posix_home*, *posix_user*, *nt*, *nt_user*, *os2*, *os2_home*:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2066
msgid ""
":func:`~sysconfig.get_paths` makes a dictionary containing installation "
"paths for the current installation scheme."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2068
msgid ""
":func:`~sysconfig.get_config_vars` returns a dictionary of platform specific "
"variables."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2071
msgid "There is also a convenient command-line interface:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2073
msgid ""
"C:\\Python32>python -m sysconfig\n"
"Platform: \"win32\"\n"
"Python version: \"3.2\"\n"
"Current installation scheme: \"nt\"\n"
"\n"
"Paths:\n"
"        data = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        include = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n"
"        platinclude = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n"
"        platlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\\site-packages\"\n"
"        platstdlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n"
"        purelib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\\site-packages\"\n"
"        scripts = \"C:\\Python32\\Scripts\"\n"
"        stdlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n"
"\n"
"Variables:\n"
"        BINDIR = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        BINLIBDEST = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n"
"        EXE = \".exe\"\n"
"        INCLUDEPY = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n"
"        LIBDEST = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n"
"        SO = \".pyd\"\n"
"        VERSION = \"32\"\n"
"        abiflags = \"\"\n"
"        base = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        exec_prefix = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        platbase = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        prefix = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        projectbase = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        py_version = \"3.2\"\n"
"        py_version_nodot = \"32\"\n"
"        py_version_short = \"3.2\"\n"
"        srcdir = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        userbase = \"C:\\Documents and Settings\\Raymond\\Application "
"Data\\Python\""
msgstr ""
"C:\\Python32>python -m sysconfig\n"
"Platform: \"win32\"\n"
"Python version: \"3.2\"\n"
"Current installation scheme: \"nt\"\n"
"\n"
"Paths:\n"
"        data = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        include = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n"
"        platinclude = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n"
"        platlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\\site-packages\"\n"
"        platstdlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n"
"        purelib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\\site-packages\"\n"
"        scripts = \"C:\\Python32\\Scripts\"\n"
"        stdlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n"
"\n"
"Variables:\n"
"        BINDIR = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        BINLIBDEST = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n"
"        EXE = \".exe\"\n"
"        INCLUDEPY = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n"
"        LIBDEST = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n"
"        SO = \".pyd\"\n"
"        VERSION = \"32\"\n"
"        abiflags = \"\"\n"
"        base = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        exec_prefix = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        platbase = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        prefix = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        projectbase = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        py_version = \"3.2\"\n"
"        py_version_nodot = \"32\"\n"
"        py_version_short = \"3.2\"\n"
"        srcdir = \"C:\\Python32\"\n"
"        userbase = \"C:\\Documents and Settings\\Raymond\\Application "
"Data\\Python\""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2110
msgid "(Moved out of Distutils by Tarek Ziadé.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2113
msgid "pdb"
msgstr "pdb"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2115
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pdb` debugger module gained a number of usability improvements:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2117
msgid ""
":file:`pdb.py` now has a ``-c`` option that executes commands as given in a :"
"file:`.pdbrc` script file."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2119
msgid ""
"A :file:`.pdbrc` script file can contain ``continue`` and ``next`` commands "
"that continue debugging."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2121
msgid ""
"The :class:`~pdb.Pdb` class constructor now accepts a *nosigint* argument."
msgstr "現在 :class:`~pdb.Pdb` 類別建構函式接受 *nosigint* 引數。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2122
msgid ""
"New commands: ``l(list)``, ``ll(long list)`` and ``source`` for listing "
"source code."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2124
msgid ""
"New commands: ``display`` and ``undisplay`` for showing or hiding the value "
"of an expression if it has changed."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2126
msgid ""
"New command: ``interact`` for starting an interactive interpreter containing "
"the global and local  names found in the current scope."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2128
msgid "Breakpoints can be cleared by breakpoint number."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2130
msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl, Antonio Cuni and Ilya Sandler.)"
msgstr "（由 Georg Brandl、Antonio Cuni 和 Ilya Sandler 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2133
msgid "configparser"
msgstr "configparser"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2135
msgid ""
"The :mod:`configparser` module was modified to improve usability and "
"predictability of the default parser and its supported INI syntax.  The old :"
"class:`!ConfigParser` class was removed in favor of :class:`!"
"SafeConfigParser` which has in turn been renamed to :class:`~configparser."
"ConfigParser`. Support for inline comments is now turned off by default and "
"section or option duplicates are not allowed in a single configuration "
"source."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2142
msgid "Config parsers gained a new API based on the mapping protocol::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2144
msgid ""
">>> parser = ConfigParser()\n"
">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n"
"... [DEFAULT]\n"
"... location = upper left\n"
"... visible = yes\n"
"... editable = no\n"
"... color = blue\n"
"...\n"
"... [main]\n"
"... title = Main Menu\n"
"... color = green\n"
"...\n"
"... [options]\n"
"... title = Options\n"
"... \"\"\")\n"
">>> parser['main']['color']\n"
"'green'\n"
">>> parser['main']['editable']\n"
"'no'\n"
">>> section = parser['options']\n"
">>> section['title']\n"
"'Options'\n"
">>> section['title'] = 'Options (editable: %(editable)s)'\n"
">>> section['title']\n"
"'Options (editable: no)'"
msgstr ""
">>> parser = ConfigParser()\n"
">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n"
"... [DEFAULT]\n"
"... location = upper left\n"
"... visible = yes\n"
"... editable = no\n"
"... color = blue\n"
"...\n"
"... [main]\n"
"... title = Main Menu\n"
"... color = green\n"
"...\n"
"... [options]\n"
"... title = Options\n"
"... \"\"\")\n"
">>> parser['main']['color']\n"
"'green'\n"
">>> parser['main']['editable']\n"
"'no'\n"
">>> section = parser['options']\n"
">>> section['title']\n"
"'Options'\n"
">>> section['title'] = 'Options (editable: %(editable)s)'\n"
">>> section['title']\n"
"'Options (editable: no)'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2170
msgid ""
"The new API is implemented on top of the classical API, so custom parser "
"subclasses should be able to use it without modifications."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2173
msgid ""
"The INI file structure accepted by config parsers can now be customized. "
"Users can specify alternative option/value delimiters and comment prefixes, "
"change the name of the *DEFAULT* section or switch the interpolation syntax."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2177
msgid ""
"There is support for pluggable interpolation including an additional "
"interpolation handler :class:`~configparser.ExtendedInterpolation`::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2180
msgid ""
">>> parser = ConfigParser(interpolation=ExtendedInterpolation())\n"
">>> parser.read_dict({'buildout': {'directory': '/home/ambv/zope9'},\n"
"...                   'custom': {'prefix': '/usr/local'}})\n"
">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n"
"... [buildout]\n"
"... parts =\n"
"...   zope9\n"
"...   instance\n"
"... find-links =\n"
"...   ${buildout:directory}/downloads/dist\n"
"...\n"
"... [zope9]\n"
"... recipe = plone.recipe.zope9install\n"
"... location = /opt/zope\n"
"...\n"
"... [instance]\n"
"... recipe = plone.recipe.zope9instance\n"
"... zope9-location = ${zope9:location}\n"
"... zope-conf = ${custom:prefix}/etc/zope.conf\n"
"... \"\"\")\n"
">>> parser['buildout']['find-links']\n"
"'\\n/home/ambv/zope9/downloads/dist'\n"
">>> parser['instance']['zope-conf']\n"
"'/usr/local/etc/zope.conf'\n"
">>> instance = parser['instance']\n"
">>> instance['zope-conf']\n"
"'/usr/local/etc/zope.conf'\n"
">>> instance['zope9-location']\n"
"'/opt/zope'"
msgstr ""
">>> parser = ConfigParser(interpolation=ExtendedInterpolation())\n"
">>> parser.read_dict({'buildout': {'directory': '/home/ambv/zope9'},\n"
"...                   'custom': {'prefix': '/usr/local'}})\n"
">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n"
"... [buildout]\n"
"... parts =\n"
"...   zope9\n"
"...   instance\n"
"... find-links =\n"
"...   ${buildout:directory}/downloads/dist\n"
"...\n"
"... [zope9]\n"
"... recipe = plone.recipe.zope9install\n"
"... location = /opt/zope\n"
"...\n"
"... [instance]\n"
"... recipe = plone.recipe.zope9instance\n"
"... zope9-location = ${zope9:location}\n"
"... zope-conf = ${custom:prefix}/etc/zope.conf\n"
"... \"\"\")\n"
">>> parser['buildout']['find-links']\n"
"'\\n/home/ambv/zope9/downloads/dist'\n"
">>> parser['instance']['zope-conf']\n"
"'/usr/local/etc/zope.conf'\n"
">>> instance = parser['instance']\n"
">>> instance['zope-conf']\n"
"'/usr/local/etc/zope.conf'\n"
">>> instance['zope9-location']\n"
"'/opt/zope'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2210
msgid ""
"A number of smaller features were also introduced, like support for "
"specifying encoding in read operations, specifying fallback values for get-"
"functions, or reading directly from dictionaries and strings."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2214
msgid "(All changes contributed by Łukasz Langa.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2219
msgid "urllib.parse"
msgstr "urllib.parse"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2221
msgid ""
"A number of usability improvements were made for the :mod:`urllib.parse` "
"module."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2223
msgid ""
"The :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` function now supports `IPv6 <https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6>`_ addresses as described in :rfc:`2732`:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2235
msgid ""
"The :func:`~urllib.parse.urldefrag` function now returns a :term:`named "
"tuple`::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2237
msgid ""
">>> r = urllib.parse.urldefrag('http://python.org/about/#target')\n"
">>> r\n"
"DefragResult(url='http://python.org/about/', fragment='target')\n"
">>> r[0]\n"
"'http://python.org/about/'\n"
">>> r.fragment\n"
"'target'"
msgstr ""
">>> r = urllib.parse.urldefrag('http://python.org/about/#target')\n"
">>> r\n"
"DefragResult(url='http://python.org/about/', fragment='target')\n"
">>> r[0]\n"
"'http://python.org/about/'\n"
">>> r.fragment\n"
"'target'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2245
msgid ""
"And, the :func:`~urllib.parse.urlencode` function is now much more flexible, "
"accepting either a string or bytes type for the *query* argument.  If it is "
"a string, then the *safe*, *encoding*, and *error* parameters are sent to :"
"func:`~urllib.parse.quote_plus` for encoding::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2250
msgid ""
">>> urllib.parse.urlencode([\n"
"...      ('type', 'telenovela'),\n"
"...      ('name', '¿Dónde Está Elisa?')],\n"
"...      encoding='latin-1')\n"
"'type=telenovela&name=%BFD%F3nde+Est%E1+Elisa%3F'"
msgstr ""
">>> urllib.parse.urlencode([\n"
"...      ('type', 'telenovela'),\n"
"...      ('name', '¿Dónde Está Elisa?')],\n"
"...      encoding='latin-1')\n"
"'type=telenovela&name=%BFD%F3nde+Est%E1+Elisa%3F'"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2256
msgid ""
"As detailed in :ref:`parsing-ascii-encoded-bytes`, all the :mod:`urllib."
"parse` functions now accept ASCII-encoded byte strings as input, so long as "
"they are not mixed with regular strings.  If ASCII-encoded byte strings are "
"given as parameters, the return types will also be an ASCII-encoded byte "
"strings:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2265
msgid ""
"(Work by Nick Coghlan, Dan Mahn, and Senthil Kumaran in :issue:`2987`, :"
"issue:`5468`, and :issue:`9873`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2269
msgid "mailbox"
msgstr "mailbox"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2271
msgid ""
"Thanks to a concerted effort by R. David Murray, the :mod:`mailbox` module "
"has been fixed for Python 3.2.  The challenge was that mailbox had been "
"originally designed with a text interface, but email messages are best "
"represented with :class:`bytes` because various parts of a message may have "
"different encodings."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2276
msgid ""
"The solution harnessed the :mod:`email` package's binary support for parsing "
"arbitrary email messages.  In addition, the solution required a number of "
"API changes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2280
msgid ""
"As expected, the :meth:`~mailbox.Mailbox.add` method for :class:`mailbox."
"Mailbox` objects now accepts binary input."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2283
msgid ""
":class:`~io.StringIO` and text file input are deprecated.  Also, string "
"input will fail early if non-ASCII characters are used.  Previously it would "
"fail when the email was processed in a later step."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2287
msgid ""
"There is also support for binary output.  The :meth:`~mailbox.Mailbox."
"get_file` method now returns a file in the binary mode (where it used to "
"incorrectly set the file to text-mode).  There is also a new :meth:`~mailbox."
"Mailbox.get_bytes` method that returns a :class:`bytes` representation of a "
"message corresponding to a given *key*."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2293
msgid ""
"It is still possible to get non-binary output using the old API's :meth:"
"`~mailbox.Mailbox.get_string` method, but that approach is not very useful.  "
"Instead, it is best to extract messages from a :class:`~mailbox.Message` "
"object or to load them from binary input."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2298
msgid ""
"(Contributed by R. David Murray, with efforts from Steffen Daode Nurpmeso "
"and an initial patch by Victor Stinner in :issue:`9124`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2302
msgid "turtledemo"
msgstr "turtledemo"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2304
msgid ""
"The demonstration code for the :mod:`turtle` module was moved from the "
"*Demo* directory to main library.  It includes over a dozen sample scripts "
"with lively displays.  Being on :data:`sys.path`, it can now be run directly "
"from the command-line:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2309
msgid "$ python -m turtledemo"
msgstr "$ python -m turtledemo"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2313
msgid ""
"(Moved from the Demo directory by Alexander Belopolsky in :issue:`10199`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2316
msgid "Multi-threading"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2318
msgid ""
"The mechanism for serializing execution of concurrently running Python "
"threads (generally known as the :term:`GIL` or Global Interpreter Lock) has "
"been rewritten.  Among the objectives were more predictable switching "
"intervals and reduced overhead due to lock contention and the number of "
"ensuing system calls.  The notion of a \"check interval\" to allow thread "
"switches has been abandoned and replaced by an absolute duration expressed "
"in seconds.  This parameter is tunable through :func:`sys."
"setswitchinterval`. It currently defaults to 5 milliseconds."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2327
msgid ""
"Additional details about the implementation can be read from a `python-dev "
"mailing-list message <https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2009-"
"October/093321.html>`_ (however, \"priority requests\" as exposed in this "
"message have not been kept for inclusion)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2333
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou.)"
msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2335
msgid ""
"Regular and recursive locks now accept an optional *timeout* argument to "
"their :meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` method.  (Contributed by Antoine "
"Pitrou; :issue:`7316`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2339
msgid ""
"Similarly, :meth:`threading.Semaphore.acquire` also gained a *timeout* "
"argument.  (Contributed by Torsten Landschoff; :issue:`850728`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2342
msgid ""
"Regular and recursive lock acquisitions can now be interrupted by signals on "
"platforms using Pthreads.  This means that Python programs that deadlock "
"while acquiring locks can be successfully killed by repeatedly sending "
"SIGINT to the process (by pressing :kbd:`Ctrl+C` in most shells). "
"(Contributed by Reid Kleckner; :issue:`8844`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2350
msgid "Optimizations"
msgstr "最佳化"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2352
msgid "A number of small performance enhancements have been added:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2354
msgid ""
"Python's peephole optimizer now recognizes patterns such ``x in {1, 2, 3}`` "
"as being a test for membership in a set of constants.  The optimizer recasts "
"the :class:`set` as a :class:`frozenset` and stores the pre-built constant."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2358
msgid ""
"Now that the speed penalty is gone, it is practical to start writing "
"membership tests using set-notation.  This style is both semantically clear "
"and operationally fast::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2362
msgid ""
"extension = name.rpartition('.')[2]\n"
"if extension in {'xml', 'html', 'xhtml', 'css'}:\n"
"    handle(name)"
msgstr ""
"extension = name.rpartition('.')[2]\n"
"if extension in {'xml', 'html', 'xhtml', 'css'}:\n"
"    handle(name)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2366
msgid ""
"(Patch and additional tests contributed by Dave Malcolm; :issue:`6690`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2368
msgid ""
"Serializing and unserializing data using the :mod:`pickle` module is now "
"several times faster."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2371
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Alexandre Vassalotti, Antoine Pitrou and the Unladen Swallow "
"team in :issue:`9410` and :issue:`3873`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Alexandre Vassalotti、Antoine Pitrou 和 Unladen Swallow 團隊在 :issue:"
"`9410` 和 :issue:`3873` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2374
msgid ""
"The `Timsort algorithm <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ used in :"
"meth:`list.sort` and :func:`sorted` now runs faster and uses less memory "
"when called with a :term:`key function`.  Previously, every element of a "
"list was wrapped with a temporary object that remembered the key value "
"associated with each element.  Now, two arrays of keys and values are sorted "
"in parallel.  This saves the memory consumed by the sort wrappers, and it "
"saves time lost to delegating comparisons."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2382
msgid "(Patch by Daniel Stutzbach in :issue:`9915`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2384
msgid ""
"JSON decoding performance is improved and memory consumption is reduced "
"whenever the same string is repeated for multiple keys.  Also, JSON encoding "
"now uses the C speedups when the ``sort_keys`` argument is true."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2388
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`7451` and by Raymond Hettinger and "
"Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`10314`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`7451` 中貢獻、由 Raymond Hettinger 和 Antoine "
"Pitrou 在 :issue:`10314` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2391
msgid ""
"Recursive locks (created with the :func:`threading.RLock` API) now benefit "
"from a C implementation which makes them as fast as regular locks, and "
"between 10x and 15x faster than their previous pure Python implementation."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2395
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`3001`.)"
msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 貢獻；:issue:`3001`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2397
msgid ""
"The fast-search algorithm in stringlib is now used by the :meth:`~str."
"split`, :meth:`~str.rsplit`, :meth:`~str.splitlines` and :meth:`~str."
"replace` methods on :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray` and :class:`str` "
"objects. Likewise, the algorithm is also used by :meth:`~str.rfind`, :meth:"
"`~str.rindex`, :meth:`~str.rsplit` and :meth:`~str.rpartition`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2403
msgid "(Patch by Florent Xicluna in :issue:`7622` and :issue:`7462`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2406
msgid ""
"Integer to string conversions now work two \"digits\" at a time, reducing "
"the number of division and modulo operations."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2409
msgid "(:issue:`6713` by Gawain Bolton, Mark Dickinson, and Victor Stinner.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2411
msgid ""
"There were several other minor optimizations. Set differencing now runs "
"faster when one operand is much larger than the other (patch by Andress "
"Bennetts in :issue:`8685`).  The :meth:`!array.repeat` method has a faster "
"implementation (:issue:`1569291` by Alexander Belopolsky). The :class:`~http."
"server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has more efficient buffering (:issue:`3709` "
"by Andrew Schaaf).  The :func:`operator.attrgetter` function has been sped-"
"up (:issue:`10160` by Christos Georgiou).  And :class:`~configparser."
"ConfigParser` loads multi-line arguments a bit faster (:issue:`7113` by "
"Łukasz Langa)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2422
msgid "Unicode"
msgstr "Unicode"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2424
msgid ""
"Python has been updated to `Unicode 6.0.0 <https://unicode.org/versions/"
"Unicode6.0.0/>`_.  The update to the standard adds over 2,000 new characters "
"including `emoji <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji>`_ symbols which are "
"important for mobile phones."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2429
msgid ""
"In addition, the updated standard has altered the character properties for "
"two Kannada characters (U+0CF1, U+0CF2) and one New Tai Lue numeric "
"character (U+19DA), making the former eligible for use in identifiers while "
"disqualifying the latter.  For more information, see `Unicode Character "
"Database Changes <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.0.0/"
"#Database_Changes>`_."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2437
msgid "Codecs"
msgstr "編解碼器"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2439
msgid "Support was added for *cp720* Arabic DOS encoding (:issue:`1616979`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2441
msgid ""
"MBCS encoding no longer ignores the error handler argument. In the default "
"strict mode, it raises an :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` when it encounters an "
"undecodable byte sequence and an :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` for an "
"unencodable character."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2446
msgid ""
"The MBCS codec supports ``'strict'`` and ``'ignore'`` error handlers for "
"decoding, and ``'strict'`` and ``'replace'`` for encoding."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2449
msgid ""
"To emulate Python3.1 MBCS encoding, select the ``'ignore'`` handler for "
"decoding and the ``'replace'`` handler for encoding."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2452
msgid ""
"On Mac OS X, Python decodes command line arguments with ``'utf-8'`` rather "
"than the locale encoding."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2455
msgid ""
"By default, :mod:`tarfile` uses ``'utf-8'`` encoding on Windows (instead of "
"``'mbcs'``) and the ``'surrogateescape'`` error handler on all operating "
"systems."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2461
msgid "Documentation"
msgstr "文件"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2463
msgid "The documentation continues to be improved."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2465
msgid ""
"A table of quick links has been added to the top of lengthy sections such "
"as :ref:`built-in-funcs`.  In the case of :mod:`itertools`, the links are "
"accompanied by tables of cheatsheet-style summaries to provide an overview "
"and memory jog without having to read all of the docs."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2470
msgid ""
"In some cases, the pure Python source code can be a helpful adjunct to the "
"documentation, so now many modules now feature quick links to the latest "
"version of the source code.  For example, the :mod:`functools` module "
"documentation has a quick link at the top labeled:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2475
msgid "**Source code** :source:`Lib/functools.py`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2477
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; see `rationale <https://rhettinger."
"wordpress.com/2011/01/28/open-your-source-more/>`_.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2480
msgid ""
"The docs now contain more examples and recipes.  In particular, :mod:`re` "
"module has an extensive section, :ref:`re-examples`.  Likewise, the :mod:"
"`itertools` module continues to be updated with new :ref:`itertools-recipes`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2485
msgid ""
"The :mod:`datetime` module now has an auxiliary implementation in pure "
"Python. No functionality was changed.  This just provides an easier-to-read "
"alternate implementation."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2489
msgid "(Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky in :issue:`9528`.)"
msgstr "（由 Alexander Belopolsky 在 :issue:`9528` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2491
msgid ""
"The unmaintained :file:`Demo` directory has been removed.  Some demos were "
"integrated into the documentation, some were moved to the :file:`Tools/demo` "
"directory, and others were removed altogether."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2495
msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl in :issue:`7962`.)"
msgstr "（由 Georg Brandl 在 :issue:`7962` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2499
msgid "IDLE"
msgstr "IDLE"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2501
msgid ""
"The format menu now has an option to clean source files by stripping "
"trailing whitespace."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2504
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`5150`.)"
msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 貢獻；:issue:`5150`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2506
msgid "IDLE on Mac OS X now works with both Carbon AquaTk and Cocoa AquaTk."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2508
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Kevin Walzer, Ned Deily, and Ronald Oussoren; :issue:`6075`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Kevin Walzer、Ned Deily 和 Ronald Oussoren 貢獻；:issue:`6075`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2511
msgid "Code Repository"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2513
msgid ""
"In addition to the existing Subversion code repository at https://svn.python."
"org there is now a `Mercurial <https://www.mercurial-scm.org/>`_ repository "
"at https://hg.python.org/\\ ."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2517
msgid ""
"After the 3.2 release, there are plans to switch to Mercurial as the primary "
"repository.  This distributed version control system should make it easier "
"for members of the community to create and share external changesets.  See :"
"pep:`385` for details."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2522
msgid ""
"To learn to use the new version control system, see the `Quick Start "
"<https://www.mercurial-scm.org/wiki/QuickStart>`_ or the `Guide to Mercurial "
"Workflows <https://www.mercurial-scm.org/guide>`_."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2528
msgid "Build and C API Changes"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2530
msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2532
msgid ""
"The *idle*, *pydoc* and *2to3* scripts are now installed with a version-"
"specific suffix on ``make altinstall`` (:issue:`10679`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2535
msgid ""
"The C functions that access the Unicode Database now accept and return "
"characters from the full Unicode range, even on narrow unicode builds "
"(Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER, Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL, and others).  A visible "
"difference in Python is that :func:`unicodedata.numeric` now returns the "
"correct value for large code points, and :func:`repr` may consider more "
"characters as printable."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2542
msgid ""
"(Reported by Bupjoe Lee and fixed by Amaury Forgeot D'Arc; :issue:`5127`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2544
msgid ""
"Computed gotos are now enabled by default on supported compilers (which are "
"detected by the configure script).  They can still be disabled selectively "
"by specifying ``--without-computed-gotos``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2548
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9203`.)"
msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 貢獻；:issue:`9203`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2550
msgid ""
"The option ``--with-wctype-functions`` was removed.  The built-in unicode "
"database is now used for all functions."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2553
msgid "(Contributed by Amaury Forgeot D'Arc; :issue:`9210`.)"
msgstr "（由 Amaury Forgeot D'Arc 貢獻；:issue:`9210`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2555
msgid ""
"Hash values are now values of a new type, :c:type:`Py_hash_t`, which is "
"defined to be the same size as a pointer.  Previously they were of type "
"long, which on some 64-bit operating systems is still only 32 bits long.  As "
"a result of this fix, :class:`set` and :class:`dict` can now hold more than "
"``2**32`` entries on builds with 64-bit pointers (previously, they could "
"grow to that size but their performance degraded catastrophically)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2562
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Benjamin Peterson; :issue:"
"`9778`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Raymond Hettinger 建議並由 Benjamin Peterson 實作；:issue:`9778`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2565
msgid ""
"A new macro :c:macro:`!Py_VA_COPY` copies the state of the variable argument "
"list.  It is equivalent to C99 *va_copy* but available on all Python "
"platforms (:issue:`2443`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2569
msgid ""
"A new C API function :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` allows an embedded "
"interpreter to set :data:`sys.argv` without also modifying :data:`sys.path` "
"(:issue:`5753`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2573
msgid ""
":c:func:`!PyEval_CallObject` is now only available in macro form.  The "
"function declaration, which was kept for backwards compatibility reasons, is "
"now removed -- the macro was introduced in 1997 (:issue:`8276`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2577
msgid ""
"There is a new function :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow` which is "
"analogous to :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow`.  They both serve to convert "
"Python :class:`int` into a native fixed-width type while providing detection "
"of cases where the conversion won't fit (:issue:`7767`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2582
msgid ""
"The :c:func:`PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString` function now returns *not "
"equal* if the Python string is *NUL* terminated."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2585
msgid ""
"There is a new function :c:func:`PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc` that is like :c:"
"func:`PyErr_NewException` but allows a docstring to be specified. This lets "
"C exceptions have the same self-documenting capabilities as their pure "
"Python counterparts (:issue:`7033`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2590
msgid ""
"When compiled with the ``--with-valgrind`` option, the pymalloc allocator "
"will be automatically disabled when running under Valgrind.  This gives "
"improved memory leak detection when running under Valgrind, while taking "
"advantage of pymalloc at other times (:issue:`2422`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2595
msgid ""
"Removed the ``O?`` format from the *PyArg_Parse* functions.  The format is "
"no longer used and it had never been documented (:issue:`8837`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2598
msgid ""
"There were a number of other small changes to the C-API.  See the `Misc/NEWS "
"<https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.2.6/Misc/NEWS>`__ file for a "
"complete list."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2602
msgid ""
"Also, there were a number of updates to the Mac OS X build, see `Mac/"
"BuildScript/README.txt <https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.2.6/Mac/"
"BuildScript/README.txt>`_ for details.  For users running a 32/64-bit build, "
"there is a known problem with the default Tcl/Tk on Mac OS X 10.6. "
"Accordingly, we recommend installing an updated alternative such as "
"`ActiveState Tcl/Tk 8.5.9 <https://web.archive.org/web/20101208191259/"
"https://www.activestate.com/activetcl/downloads>`_\\. See https://www.python."
"org/download/mac/tcltk/ for additional details."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2611
msgid "Porting to Python 3.2"
msgstr "移植至 Python 3.2"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2613
msgid ""
"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may "
"require changes to your code:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2616
msgid ""
"The :mod:`configparser` module has a number of clean-ups.  The major change "
"is to replace the old :class:`!ConfigParser` class with long-standing "
"preferred alternative :class:`!SafeConfigParser`.  In addition there are a "
"number of smaller incompatibilities:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2621
msgid ""
"The interpolation syntax is now validated on :meth:`~configparser."
"ConfigParser.get` and :meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.set` operations. In "
"the default interpolation scheme, only two tokens with percent signs are "
"valid: ``%(name)s`` and ``%%``, the latter being an escaped percent sign."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2627
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.set` and :meth:`~configparser."
"ConfigParser.add_section` methods now verify that values are actual "
"strings.  Formerly, unsupported types could be introduced unintentionally."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2632
msgid ""
"Duplicate sections or options from a single source now raise either :exc:"
"`~configparser.DuplicateSectionError` or :exc:`~configparser."
"DuplicateOptionError`.  Formerly, duplicates would silently overwrite a "
"previous entry."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2637
msgid ""
"Inline comments are now disabled by default so now the **;** character can "
"be safely used in values."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2640
msgid ""
"Comments now can be indented.  Consequently, for **;** or **#** to appear at "
"the start of a line in multiline values, it has to be interpolated.  This "
"keeps comment prefix characters in values from being mistaken as comments."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2644
msgid ""
"``\"\"`` is now a valid value and is no longer automatically converted to an "
"empty string. For empty strings, use ``\"option =\"`` in a line."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2647
msgid ""
"The :mod:`!nntplib` module was reworked extensively, meaning that its APIs "
"are often incompatible with the 3.1 APIs."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2650
msgid ""
":class:`bytearray` objects can no longer be used as filenames; instead, they "
"should be converted to :class:`bytes`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2653
msgid ""
"The :meth:`!array.tostring` and :meth:`!array.fromstring` have been renamed "
"to :meth:`array.tobytes() <array.array.tobytes>` and :meth:`array."
"frombytes() <array.array.frombytes>` for clarity.  The old names have been "
"deprecated. (See :issue:`8990`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2658
msgid "``PyArg_Parse*()`` functions:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2660
msgid "\"t#\" format has been removed: use \"s#\" or \"s*\" instead"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2661
msgid "\"w\" and \"w#\" formats has been removed: use \"w*\" instead"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2663
msgid ""
"The :c:type:`!PyCObject` type, deprecated in 3.1, has been removed.  To wrap "
"opaque C pointers in Python objects, the :c:type:`PyCapsule` API should be "
"used instead; the new type has a well-defined interface for passing typing "
"safety information and a less complicated signature for calling a destructor."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2668
msgid ""
"The :func:`!sys.setfilesystemencoding` function was removed because it had a "
"flawed design."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2671
msgid ""
"The :func:`random.seed` function and method now salt string seeds with an "
"sha512 hash function.  To access the previous version of *seed* in order to "
"reproduce Python 3.1 sequences, set the *version* argument to *1*, ``random."
"seed(s, version=1)``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2676
msgid ""
"The previously deprecated :func:`!string.maketrans` function has been "
"removed in favor of the static methods :meth:`bytes.maketrans` and :meth:"
"`bytearray.maketrans`.  This change solves the confusion around which types "
"were supported by the :mod:`string` module.  Now, :class:`str`, :class:"
"`bytes`, and :class:`bytearray` each have their own **maketrans** and "
"**translate** methods with intermediate translation tables of the "
"appropriate type."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2684
msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl; :issue:`5675`.)"
msgstr "（由 Georg Brandl 貢獻；:issue:`5675`。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2686
msgid ""
"The previously deprecated :func:`!contextlib.nested` function has been "
"removed in favor of a plain :keyword:`with` statement which can accept "
"multiple context managers.  The latter technique is faster (because it is "
"built-in), and it does a better job finalizing multiple context managers "
"when one of them raises an exception::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2692
msgid ""
"with open('mylog.txt') as infile, open('a.out', 'w') as outfile:\n"
"    for line in infile:\n"
"        if '<critical>' in line:\n"
"            outfile.write(line)"
msgstr ""
"with open('mylog.txt') as infile, open('a.out', 'w') as outfile:\n"
"    for line in infile:\n"
"        if '<critical>' in line:\n"
"            outfile.write(line)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2697
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Georg Brandl and Mattias Brändström; `appspot issue 53094 "
"<https://codereview.appspot.com/53094>`_.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Georg Brandl 和 Mattias Brändström 貢獻；`appspot 問題 53094 <https://"
"codereview.appspot.com/53094>`_。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2700
msgid ""
":func:`struct.pack` now only allows bytes for the ``s`` string pack code. "
"Formerly, it would accept text arguments and implicitly encode them to bytes "
"using UTF-8.  This was problematic because it made assumptions about the "
"correct encoding and because a variable-length encoding can fail when "
"writing to fixed length segment of a structure."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2706
msgid ""
"Code such as ``struct.pack('<6sHHBBB', 'GIF87a', x, y)`` should be rewritten "
"with to use bytes instead of text, ``struct.pack('<6sHHBBB', b'GIF87a', x, "
"y)``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2709
msgid ""
"(Discovered by David Beazley and fixed by Victor Stinner; :issue:`10783`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2711
msgid ""
"The :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree` class now raises an :exc:`xml.etree."
"ElementTree.ParseError` when a parse fails. Previously it raised an :exc:"
"`xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2715
msgid ""
"The new, longer :func:`str` value on floats may break doctests which rely on "
"the old output format."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2718
msgid ""
"In :class:`subprocess.Popen`, the default value for *close_fds* is now "
"``True`` under Unix; under Windows, it is ``True`` if the three standard "
"streams are set to ``None``, ``False`` otherwise.  Previously, *close_fds* "
"was always ``False`` by default, which produced difficult to solve bugs or "
"race conditions when open file descriptors would leak into the child process."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2725
msgid ""
"Support for legacy HTTP 0.9 has been removed from :mod:`urllib.request` and :"
"mod:`http.client`.  Such support is still present on the server side (in :"
"mod:`http.server`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2729
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`10711`.)"
msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 於 :issue:`10711` 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2731
msgid ""
"SSL sockets in timeout mode now raise :exc:`socket.timeout` when a timeout "
"occurs, rather than a generic :exc:`~ssl.SSLError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2734
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`10272`.)"
msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 於 :issue:`10272` 貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2736
msgid ""
"The misleading functions :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` and :c:func:`!"
"PyEval_ReleaseLock` have been officially deprecated.  The thread-state aware "
"APIs (such as :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` and :c:func:"
"`PyEval_RestoreThread`) should be used instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2741
msgid ""
"Due to security risks, :func:`!asyncore.handle_accept` has been deprecated, "
"and a new function, :func:`!asyncore.handle_accepted`, was added to replace "
"it."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2744
msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola in :issue:`6706`.)"
msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodola 在 :issue:`6706` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2746
msgid ""
"Due to the new :term:`GIL` implementation, :c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` "
"cannot be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize` anymore."
msgstr ""