3.4.po

# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
# Translators:
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-05 00:13+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-23 16:20+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Adrian Liaw <adrianliaw2000@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese - TAIWAN (https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-"
"tw)\n"
"Language: zh_TW\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:3
msgid "What's New In Python 3.4"
msgstr "Python 3.4 有什麼新功能"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:0
msgid "Author"
msgstr "作者"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:5
msgid "R. David Murray <rdmurray@bitdance.com> (Editor)"
msgstr "R. David Murray <rdmurray@bitdance.com> （編輯者）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:63
msgid ""
"This article explains the new features in Python 3.4, compared to 3.3. "
"Python 3.4 was released on March 16, 2014.  For full details, see the "
"`changelog <https://docs.python.org/3.4/whatsnew/changelog.html>`_."
msgstr ""
"本文介紹了 Python 3.4 與 3.3 相比多了哪些新功能。Python 3.1 已於 2014 年 3 "
"月 16 日發布。完整詳情請見 `changelog <https://docs.python.org/3.4/whatsnew/"
"changelog.html>`_。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:70
msgid ":pep:`429` -- Python 3.4 Release Schedule"
msgstr ":pep:`429` - Python 3.4 發佈時程"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:75
msgid "Summary -- Release Highlights"
msgstr "發布重點摘要"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:80
msgid "New syntax features:"
msgstr "新增語法特性："

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:82
msgid "No new syntax features were added in Python 3.4."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:84
msgid "Other new features:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:86
msgid ":ref:`pip should always be available <whatsnew-pep-453>` (:pep:`453`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:87
msgid ""
":ref:`Newly created file descriptors are non-inheritable <whatsnew-pep-446>` "
"(:pep:`446`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:89
msgid ""
"command line option for :ref:`isolated mode <whatsnew-isolated-mode>` (:"
"issue:`16499`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:91
msgid ""
":ref:`improvements in the handling of codecs <codec-handling-improvements>` "
"that are not text encodings (multiple issues)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:93
msgid ""
":ref:`A ModuleSpec Type <whatsnew-pep-451>` for the Import System (:pep:"
"`451`).  (Affects importer authors.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:95
msgid ""
"The :mod:`marshal` format has been made :ref:`more compact and efficient "
"<whatsnew-marshal-3>` (:issue:`16475`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:98
msgid "New library modules:"
msgstr "新的函式庫模組："

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:100
msgid ""
":mod:`asyncio`: :ref:`New provisional API for asynchronous IO <whatsnew-"
"asyncio>` (:pep:`3156`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:102
msgid ""
":mod:`ensurepip`: :ref:`Bootstrapping the pip installer <whatsnew-"
"ensurepip>` (:pep:`453`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:104
msgid ""
":mod:`enum`: :ref:`Support for enumeration types <whatsnew-enum>` (:pep:"
"`435`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:106
msgid ""
":mod:`pathlib`: :ref:`Object-oriented filesystem paths <whatsnew-pathlib>` (:"
"pep:`428`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:108
msgid ""
":mod:`selectors`: :ref:`High-level and efficient I/O multiplexing <whatsnew-"
"selectors>`, built upon the :mod:`select` module primitives (part of :pep:"
"`3156`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:111
msgid ""
":mod:`statistics`: A basic :ref:`numerically stable statistics library "
"<whatsnew-statistics>` (:pep:`450`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:113
msgid ""
":mod:`tracemalloc`: :ref:`Trace Python memory allocations <whatsnew-"
"tracemalloc>` (:pep:`454`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:116
msgid "Significantly improved library modules:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:118
msgid ""
":ref:`Single-dispatch generic functions <whatsnew-singledispatch>` in :mod:"
"`functools` (:pep:`443`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:120
msgid ""
"New :mod:`pickle` :ref:`protocol 4 <whatsnew-protocol-4>` (:pep:`3154`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:121
msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` now has :ref:`an option to avoid using os.fork on "
"Unix <whatsnew-multiprocessing-no-fork>` (:issue:`8713`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:123
msgid ""
":mod:`email` has a new submodule, :mod:`~email.contentmanager`, and a new :"
"mod:`~email.message.Message` subclass (:class:`~email.contentmanager."
"EmailMessage`) that :ref:`simplify MIME handling "
"<whatsnew_email_contentmanager>` (:issue:`18891`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:127
msgid ""
"The :mod:`inspect` and :mod:`pydoc` modules are now capable of correct "
"introspection of a much wider variety of callable objects, which improves "
"the output of the Python :func:`help` system."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:130
msgid "The :mod:`ipaddress` module API has been declared stable"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:132
msgid "Security improvements:"
msgstr "安全性改進："

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:134
msgid ""
":ref:`Secure and interchangeable hash algorithm <whatsnew-pep-456>` (:pep:"
"`456`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:136
msgid ""
":ref:`Make newly created file descriptors non-inheritable <whatsnew-"
"pep-446>` (:pep:`446`) to avoid leaking file descriptors to child processes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:138
msgid ""
"New command line option for :ref:`isolated mode <whatsnew-isolated-mode>`, (:"
"issue:`16499`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:140
msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` now has :ref:`an option to avoid using os.fork on "
"Unix <whatsnew-multiprocessing-no-fork>`.  *spawn* and *forkserver* are more "
"secure because they avoid sharing data with child processes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:143
msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` child processes on Windows no longer inherit all of "
"the parent's inheritable handles, only the necessary ones."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:145
msgid ""
"A new :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` function provides the `PKCS#5 password-"
"based key derivation function 2 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:148
msgid ":ref:`TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 support <whatsnew-tls-11-12>` for :mod:`ssl`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:149
msgid ""
":ref:`Retrieving certificates from the Windows system cert store support "
"<whatsnew34-win-cert-store>` for :mod:`ssl`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:151
msgid ""
":ref:`Server-side SNI (Server Name Indication) support <whatsnew34-sni>` "
"for :mod:`ssl`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:153
msgid ""
"The :class:`ssl.SSLContext` class has a :ref:`lot of improvements "
"<whatsnew34-sslcontext>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:155
msgid ""
"All modules in the standard library that support SSL now support server "
"certificate verification, including hostname matching (:func:`ssl."
"match_hostname`) and CRLs (Certificate Revocation lists, see :func:`ssl."
"SSLContext.load_verify_locations`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:160
msgid "CPython implementation improvements:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:162
msgid ":ref:`Safe object finalization <whatsnew-pep-442>` (:pep:`442`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:163
msgid ""
"Leveraging :pep:`442`, in most cases :ref:`module globals are no longer set "
"to None during finalization <whatsnew-pep-442>` (:issue:`18214`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:165
msgid ":ref:`Configurable memory allocators <whatsnew-pep-445>` (:pep:`445`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:166
msgid ":ref:`Argument Clinic <whatsnew-pep-436>` (:pep:`436`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:168
msgid ""
"Please read on for a comprehensive list of user-facing changes, including "
"many other smaller improvements, CPython optimizations, deprecations, and "
"potential porting issues."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:175
msgid "New Features"
msgstr "新增功能"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:180
msgid "PEP 453: Explicit Bootstrapping of PIP in Python Installations"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:183
msgid "Bootstrapping pip By Default"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:185
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`ensurepip` module (defined in :pep:`453`) provides a standard "
"cross-platform mechanism to bootstrap the pip installer into Python "
"installations and virtual environments. The version of ``pip`` included with "
"Python 3.4.0 is ``pip`` 1.5.4, and future 3.4.x maintenance releases will "
"update the bundled version to the latest version of ``pip`` that is "
"available at the time of creating the release candidate."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:192
msgid ""
"By default, the commands ``pipX`` and ``pipX.Y`` will be installed on all "
"platforms (where X.Y stands for the version of the Python installation), "
"along with the ``pip`` Python package and its dependencies. On Windows and "
"in virtual environments on all platforms, the unversioned ``pip`` command "
"will also be installed. On other platforms, the system wide unversioned "
"``pip`` command typically refers to the separately installed Python 2 "
"version."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:200
msgid ""
"The ``pyvenv`` command line utility and the :mod:`venv` module make use of "
"the :mod:`ensurepip` module to make ``pip`` readily available in virtual "
"environments. When using the command line utility, ``pip`` is installed by "
"default, while when using the :mod:`venv` module :ref:`venv-api` "
"installation of ``pip`` must be requested explicitly."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:206
msgid ""
"For CPython :ref:`source builds on POSIX systems <building-python-on-unix>`, "
"the ``make install`` and ``make altinstall`` commands bootstrap ``pip`` by "
"default.  This behaviour can be controlled through configure options, and "
"overridden through Makefile options."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:211
msgid ""
"On Windows and Mac OS X, the CPython installers now default to installing "
"``pip`` along with CPython itself (users may opt out of installing it during "
"the installation process). Window users will need to opt in to the automatic "
"``PATH`` modifications to have ``pip`` available from the command line by "
"default, otherwise it can still be accessed through the Python launcher for "
"Windows as ``py -m pip``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:218
msgid ""
"As :pep:`discussed in the PEP <0453#recommendations-for-downstream-"
"distributors>` platform packagers may choose not to install these commands "
"by default, as long as, when invoked, they provide clear and simple "
"directions on how to install them on that platform (usually using the system "
"package manager)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:226
msgid ""
"To avoid conflicts between parallel Python 2 and Python 3 installations, "
"only the versioned ``pip3`` and ``pip3.4`` commands are bootstrapped by "
"default when ``ensurepip`` is invoked directly - the ``--default-pip`` "
"option is needed to also request the unversioned ``pip`` command. ``pyvenv`` "
"and the Windows installer ensure that the unqualified ``pip`` command is "
"made available in those environments, and ``pip`` can always be invoked via "
"the ``-m`` switch rather than directly to avoid ambiguity on systems with "
"multiple Python installations."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:237
msgid "Documentation Changes"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:239
msgid ""
"As part of this change, the :ref:`installing-index` and :ref:`distributing-"
"index` sections of the documentation have been completely redesigned as "
"short getting started and FAQ documents. Most packaging documentation has "
"now been moved out to the Python Packaging Authority maintained `Python "
"Packaging User Guide <https://packaging.python.org>`__ and the documentation "
"of the individual projects."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:247
msgid ""
"However, as this migration is currently still incomplete, the legacy "
"versions of those guides remaining available as :ref:`install-index` and :"
"ref:`setuptools-index`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:253
msgid ":pep:`453` -- Explicit bootstrapping of pip in Python installations"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:254
msgid ""
"PEP written by Donald Stufft and Nick Coghlan, implemented by Donald Stufft, "
"Nick Coghlan, Martin von Löwis and Ned Deily."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:261
msgid "PEP 446: Newly Created File Descriptors Are Non-Inheritable"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:263
msgid ""
":pep:`446` makes newly created file descriptors :ref:`non-inheritable "
"<fd_inheritance>`.  In general, this is the behavior an application will "
"want: when launching a new process, having currently open files also open in "
"the new process can lead to all sorts of hard to find bugs, and potentially "
"to security issues."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:269
msgid ""
"However, there are occasions when inheritance is desired.  To support these "
"cases, the following new functions and methods are available:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:272
msgid ":func:`os.get_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_inheritable`"
msgstr ":func:`os.get_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_inheritable`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:273
msgid ":func:`os.get_handle_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_handle_inheritable`"
msgstr ":func:`os.get_handle_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_handle_inheritable`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:274
msgid ""
":meth:`socket.socket.get_inheritable`, :meth:`socket.socket.set_inheritable`"
msgstr ""
":meth:`socket.socket.get_inheritable`, :meth:`socket.socket.set_inheritable`"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:278
msgid ":pep:`446` -- Make newly created file descriptors non-inheritable"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:279 ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1811
msgid "PEP written and implemented by Victor Stinner."
msgstr "由 Victor Stinner 撰寫 PEP 與實作。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:285
msgid "Improvements to Codec Handling"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:287
msgid ""
"Since it was first introduced, the :mod:`codecs` module has always been "
"intended to operate as a type-neutral dynamic encoding and decoding system. "
"However, its close coupling with the Python text model, especially the type "
"restricted convenience methods on the builtin :class:`str`, :class:`bytes` "
"and :class:`bytearray` types, has historically obscured that fact."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:294
msgid ""
"As a key step in clarifying the situation, the :meth:`codecs.encode` and :"
"meth:`codecs.decode` convenience functions are now properly documented in "
"Python 2.7, 3.3 and 3.4. These functions have existed in the :mod:`codecs` "
"module (and have been covered by the regression test suite) since Python "
"2.4, but were previously only discoverable through runtime introspection."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:300
msgid ""
"Unlike the convenience methods on :class:`str`, :class:`bytes` and :class:"
"`bytearray`, the :mod:`codecs` convenience functions support arbitrary "
"codecs in both Python 2 and Python 3, rather than being limited to Unicode "
"text encodings (in Python 3) or ``basestring`` <-> ``basestring`` "
"conversions (in Python 2)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:306
msgid ""
"In Python 3.4, the interpreter is able to identify the known non-text "
"encodings provided in the standard library and direct users towards these "
"general purpose convenience functions when appropriate::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:310
msgid ""
">>> b\"abcdef\".decode(\"hex\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"LookupError: 'hex' is not a text encoding; use codecs.decode() to handle "
"arbitrary codecs\n"
"\n"
">>> \"hello\".encode(\"rot13\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"LookupError: 'rot13' is not a text encoding; use codecs.encode() to handle "
"arbitrary codecs\n"
"\n"
">>> open(\"foo.txt\", encoding=\"hex\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"LookupError: 'hex' is not a text encoding; use codecs.open() to handle "
"arbitrary codecs"
msgstr ""
">>> b\"abcdef\".decode(\"hex\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"LookupError: 'hex' is not a text encoding; use codecs.decode() to handle "
"arbitrary codecs\n"
"\n"
">>> \"hello\".encode(\"rot13\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"LookupError: 'rot13' is not a text encoding; use codecs.encode() to handle "
"arbitrary codecs\n"
"\n"
">>> open(\"foo.txt\", encoding=\"hex\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"LookupError: 'hex' is not a text encoding; use codecs.open() to handle "
"arbitrary codecs"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:325
msgid ""
"In a related change, whenever it is feasible without breaking backwards "
"compatibility, exceptions raised during encoding and decoding operations are "
"wrapped in a chained exception of the same type that mentions the name of "
"the codec responsible for producing the error::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:330
msgid ""
">>> import codecs\n"
"\n"
">>> codecs.decode(b\"abcdefgh\", \"hex\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/encodings/hex_codec.py\", line 20, in "
"hex_decode\n"
"    return (binascii.a2b_hex(input), len(input))\n"
"binascii.Error: Non-hexadecimal digit found\n"
"\n"
"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"binascii.Error: decoding with 'hex' codec failed (Error: Non-hexadecimal "
"digit found)\n"
"\n"
">>> codecs.encode(\"hello\", \"bz2\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/encodings/bz2_codec.py\", line 17, in "
"bz2_encode\n"
"    return (bz2.compress(input), len(input))\n"
"  File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/bz2.py\", line 498, in compress\n"
"    return comp.compress(data) + comp.flush()\n"
"TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface\n"
"\n"
"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"TypeError: encoding with 'bz2' codec failed (TypeError: 'str' does not "
"support the buffer interface)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:358
msgid ""
"Finally, as the examples above show, these improvements have permitted the "
"restoration of the convenience aliases for the non-Unicode codecs that were "
"themselves restored in Python 3.2. This means that encoding binary data to "
"and from its hexadecimal representation (for example) can now be written as::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:364
msgid ""
">>> from codecs import encode, decode\n"
">>> encode(b\"hello\", \"hex\")\n"
"b'68656c6c6f'\n"
">>> decode(b\"68656c6c6f\", \"hex\")\n"
"b'hello'"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:370
msgid ""
"The binary and text transforms provided in the standard library are detailed "
"in :ref:`binary-transforms` and :ref:`text-transforms`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:373
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`7475`, :issue:`17827`, :issue:"
"`17828` and :issue:`19619`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`7475`、:issue:`17827`、:issue:`17828` 和 :issue:"
"`19619` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:380
msgid "PEP 451: A ModuleSpec Type for the Import System"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:382
msgid ""
":pep:`451` provides an encapsulation of the information about a module that "
"the import machinery will use to load it (that is, a module specification).  "
"This helps simplify both the import implementation and several import-"
"related APIs. The change is also a stepping stone for `several future import-"
"related improvements`__."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:390
msgid ""
"The public-facing changes from the PEP are entirely backward-compatible. "
"Furthermore, they should be transparent to everyone but importer authors.  "
"Key finder and loader methods have been deprecated, but they will continue "
"working. New importers should use the new methods described in the PEP.  "
"Existing importers should be updated to implement the new methods.  See the :"
"ref:`deprecated-3.4` section for a list of methods that should be replaced "
"and their replacements."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:400
msgid "Other Language Changes"
msgstr "其他語言更動"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:402
msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:404
msgid "Unicode database updated to UCD version 6.3."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:406
msgid ""
":func:`min` and :func:`max` now accept a *default* keyword-only argument "
"that can be used to specify the value they return if the iterable they are "
"evaluating has no elements.  (Contributed by Julian Berman in :issue:"
"`18111`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:411
msgid "Module objects are now :ref:`weakly referenceable <mod-weakref>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:413
msgid ""
"Module ``__file__`` attributes (and related values) should now always "
"contain absolute paths by default, with the sole exception of ``__main__."
"__file__`` when a script has been executed directly using a relative path.  "
"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`18416`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:418
msgid ""
"All the UTF-\\* codecs (except UTF-7) now reject surrogates during both "
"encoding and decoding unless the ``surrogatepass`` error handler is used, "
"with the exception of the UTF-16 decoder (which accepts valid surrogate "
"pairs) and the UTF-16 encoder (which produces them while encoding non-BMP "
"characters). (Contributed by Victor Stinner, Kang-Hao (Kenny) Lu and Serhiy "
"Storchaka in :issue:`12892`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:425
msgid ""
"New German EBCDIC :ref:`codec <standard-encodings>` ``cp273``.  (Contributed "
"by Michael Bierenfeld and Andrew Kuchling in :issue:`1097797`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:428
msgid ""
"New Ukrainian :ref:`codec <standard-encodings>` ``cp1125``.  (Contributed by "
"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19668`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:431
msgid ""
":class:`bytes`.join() and :class:`bytearray`.join() now accept arbitrary "
"buffer objects as arguments.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:"
"`15958`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:435
msgid ""
"The :class:`int` constructor now accepts any object that has an "
"``__index__`` method for its *base* argument.  (Contributed by Mark "
"Dickinson in :issue:`16772`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:439
msgid ""
"Frame objects now have a :func:`~frame.clear` method that clears all "
"references to local variables from the frame.  (Contributed by Antoine "
"Pitrou in :issue:`17934`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:443
msgid ""
":class:`memoryview` is now registered as a :class:`Sequence <collections."
"abc>`, and supports the :func:`reversed` builtin.  (Contributed by Nick "
"Coghlan and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`18690` and :issue:`19078`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:447
msgid ""
"Signatures reported by :func:`help` have been modified and improved in "
"several cases as a result of the introduction of Argument Clinic and other "
"changes to the :mod:`inspect` and :mod:`pydoc` modules."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:451
msgid ""
":meth:`~object.__length_hint__` is now part of the formal language "
"specification (see :pep:`424`).  (Contributed by Armin Ronacher in :issue:"
"`16148`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:457
msgid "New Modules"
msgstr "新模組"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:463
msgid "asyncio"
msgstr "asyncio"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:465
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`asyncio` module (defined in :pep:`3156`) provides a standard "
"pluggable event loop model for Python, providing solid asynchronous IO "
"support in the standard library, and making it easier for other event loop "
"implementations to interoperate with the standard library and each other."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:470 ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:533
msgid "For Python 3.4, this module is considered a :term:`provisional API`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:474
msgid ":pep:`3156` -- Asynchronous IO Support Rebooted: the \"asyncio\" Module"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:475
msgid "PEP written and implementation led by Guido van Rossum."
msgstr "由 Guido van Rossum 撰寫 PEP 與帶領實作。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:481
msgid "ensurepip"
msgstr "ensurepip"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:483
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`ensurepip` module is the primary infrastructure for the :pep:"
"`453` implementation.  In the normal course of events end users will not "
"need to interact with this module, but it can be used to manually bootstrap "
"``pip`` if the automated bootstrapping into an installation or virtual "
"environment was declined."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:489
msgid ""
":mod:`ensurepip` includes a bundled copy of ``pip``, up-to-date as of the "
"first release candidate of the release of CPython with which it ships (this "
"applies to both maintenance releases and feature releases).  ``ensurepip`` "
"does not access the internet.  If the installation has internet access, "
"after ``ensurepip`` is run the bundled ``pip`` can be used to upgrade "
"``pip`` to a more recent release than the bundled one.  (Note that such an "
"upgraded version of ``pip`` is considered to be a separately installed "
"package and will not be removed if Python is uninstalled.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:498
msgid ""
"The module is named *ensure*\\ pip because if called when ``pip`` is already "
"installed, it does nothing.  It also has an ``--upgrade`` option that will "
"cause it to install the bundled copy of ``pip`` if the existing installed "
"version of ``pip`` is older than the bundled copy."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:507
msgid "enum"
msgstr "enum"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:509
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`enum` module (defined in :pep:`435`) provides a standard "
"implementation of enumeration types, allowing other modules (such as :mod:"
"`socket`) to provide more informative error messages and better debugging "
"support by replacing opaque integer constants with backwards compatible "
"enumeration values."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:517
msgid ":pep:`435` -- Adding an Enum type to the Python standard library"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:518
msgid ""
"PEP written by Barry Warsaw, Eli Bendersky and Ethan Furman, implemented by "
"Ethan Furman."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:525
msgid "pathlib"
msgstr "pathlib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:527
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`pathlib` module offers classes representing filesystem paths "
"with semantics appropriate for different operating systems.  Path classes "
"are divided between *pure paths*, which provide purely computational "
"operations without I/O, and *concrete paths*, which inherit from pure paths "
"but also provide I/O operations."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:537
msgid ":pep:`428` -- The pathlib module -- object-oriented filesystem paths"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:538 ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1834
msgid "PEP written and implemented by Antoine Pitrou."
msgstr "由 Antoine Pitrou 撰寫 PEP 與實作。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:544
msgid "selectors"
msgstr "selectors"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:546
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`selectors` module (created as part of implementing :pep:"
"`3156`) allows high-level and efficient I/O multiplexing, built upon the :"
"mod:`select` module primitives."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:554
msgid "statistics"
msgstr "statistics"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:556
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`statistics` module (defined in :pep:`450`) offers some core "
"statistics functionality directly in the standard library. This module "
"supports calculation of the mean, median, mode, variance and standard "
"deviation of a data series."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:563
msgid ":pep:`450` -- Adding A Statistics Module To The Standard Library"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:564
msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steven D'Aprano"
msgstr "由 Steven D'Aprano 撰寫 PEP 與實作"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:570
msgid "tracemalloc"
msgstr "tracemalloc"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:572
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`tracemalloc` module (defined in :pep:`454`) is a debug tool to "
"trace memory blocks allocated by Python. It provides the following "
"information:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:575
msgid "Trace where an object was allocated"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:576
msgid ""
"Statistics on allocated memory blocks per filename and per line number: "
"total size, number and average size of allocated memory blocks"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:578
msgid "Compute the differences between two snapshots to detect memory leaks"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:582
msgid ""
":pep:`454` -- Add a new tracemalloc module to trace Python memory allocations"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:583
msgid "PEP written and implemented by Victor Stinner"
msgstr "由 Victor Stinner 撰寫 PEP 與實作"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:588
msgid "Improved Modules"
msgstr "改進的模組"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:592
msgid "abc"
msgstr "abc"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:594
msgid ""
"New function :func:`abc.get_cache_token` can be used to know when to "
"invalidate caches that are affected by changes in the object graph.  "
"(Contributed by Łukasz Langa in :issue:`16832`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:598
msgid ""
"New class :class:`~abc.ABC` has :class:`~abc.ABCMeta` as its meta class. "
"Using ``ABC`` as a base class has essentially the same effect as specifying "
"``metaclass=abc.ABCMeta``, but is simpler to type and easier to read. "
"(Contributed by Bruno Dupuis in :issue:`16049`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:605
msgid "aifc"
msgstr "aifc"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:607
msgid ""
"The :meth:`!getparams` method now returns a namedtuple rather than a plain "
"tuple.  (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17818`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:610
msgid ""
":func:`!aifc.open` now supports the context management protocol: when used "
"in a :keyword:`with` block, the :meth:`!close` method of the returned object "
"will be called automatically at the end of the block.  (Contributed by "
"Serhiy Storchacha in :issue:`16486`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:615 ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1542
msgid ""
"The :meth:`!writeframesraw` and :meth:`!writeframes` methods now accept any :"
"term:`bytes-like object`.  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:"
"`8311`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:621
msgid "argparse"
msgstr "argparse"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:623
msgid ""
"The :class:`~argparse.FileType` class now accepts *encoding* and *errors* "
"arguments, which are passed through to :func:`open`.  (Contributed by Lucas "
"Maystre in :issue:`11175`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:629
msgid "audioop"
msgstr "audioop"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:631
msgid ""
":mod:`!audioop` now supports 24-bit samples.  (Contributed by Serhiy "
"Storchaka in :issue:`12866`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:634
msgid ""
"New :func:`!byteswap` function converts big-endian samples to little-endian "
"and vice versa.  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19641`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:638
msgid ""
"All :mod:`!audioop` functions now accept any :term:`bytes-like object`.  "
"Strings are not accepted: they didn't work before, now they raise an error "
"right away. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`16685`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:644
msgid "base64"
msgstr "base64"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:646
msgid ""
"The encoding and decoding functions in :mod:`base64` now accept any :term:"
"`bytes-like object` in cases where it previously required a :class:`bytes` "
"or :class:`bytearray` instance.  (Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:"
"`17839`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:651
msgid ""
"New functions :func:`~base64.a85encode`, :func:`~base64.a85decode`, :func:"
"`~base64.b85encode`, and :func:`~base64.b85decode` provide the ability to "
"encode and decode binary data from and to ``Ascii85`` and the git/mercurial "
"``Base85`` formats, respectively.  The ``a85`` functions have options that "
"can be used to make them compatible with the variants of the ``Ascii85`` "
"encoding, including the Adobe variant.  (Contributed by Martin Morrison, the "
"Mercurial project, Serhiy Storchaka, and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`17618`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:661
msgid "collections"
msgstr "collections"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:663
msgid ""
"The :meth:`.ChainMap.new_child` method now accepts an *m* argument "
"specifying the child map to add to the chain.  This allows an existing "
"mapping and/or a custom mapping type to be used for the child.  (Contributed "
"by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`16613`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:670
msgid "colorsys"
msgstr "colorsys"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:672
msgid ""
"The number of digits in the coefficients for the RGB --- YIQ conversions "
"have been expanded so that they match the FCC NTSC versions.  The change in "
"results should be less than 1% and may better match results found elsewhere. "
"(Contributed by Brian Landers and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`14323`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:679
msgid "contextlib"
msgstr "contextlib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:681
msgid ""
"The new :class:`contextlib.suppress` context manager helps to clarify the "
"intent of code that deliberately suppresses exceptions from a single "
"statement.  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`15806` and Zero "
"Piraeus in :issue:`19266`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:686
msgid ""
"The new :func:`contextlib.redirect_stdout` context manager makes it easier "
"for utility scripts to handle inflexible APIs that write their output to :"
"data:`sys.stdout` and don't provide any options to redirect it.  Using the "
"context manager, the :data:`sys.stdout` output can be redirected to any "
"other stream or, in conjunction with :class:`io.StringIO`, to a string. The "
"latter can be especially useful, for example, to capture output from a "
"function that was written to implement a command line interface. It is "
"recommended only for utility scripts because it affects the global state of :"
"data:`sys.stdout`.  (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`15805`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:697
msgid ""
"The :mod:`contextlib` documentation has also been updated to include a :ref:"
"`discussion <single-use-reusable-and-reentrant-cms>` of the differences "
"between single use, reusable and reentrant context managers."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:703
msgid "dbm"
msgstr "dbm"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:705
msgid ""
":func:`dbm.open` objects now support the context management protocol.  When "
"used in a :keyword:`with` statement, the ``close`` method of the database "
"object will be called automatically at the end of the block.  (Contributed "
"by Claudiu Popa and Nick Coghlan in :issue:`19282`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:712
msgid "dis"
msgstr "dis"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:714
msgid ""
"Functions :func:`~dis.show_code`, :func:`~dis.dis`, :func:`~dis.distb`, and :"
"func:`~dis.disassemble` now accept a keyword-only *file* argument that "
"controls where they write their output."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:718
msgid ""
"The :mod:`dis` module is now built around an :class:`~dis.Instruction` class "
"that provides object oriented access to the details of each individual "
"bytecode operation."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:722
msgid ""
"A new method, :func:`~dis.get_instructions`, provides an iterator that emits "
"the Instruction stream for a given piece of Python code.  Thus it is now "
"possible to write a program that inspects and manipulates a bytecode object "
"in ways different from those provided by the :mod:`~dis` module itself.  For "
"example::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:728
msgid ""
">>> import dis\n"
">>> for instr in dis.get_instructions(lambda x: x + 1):\n"
"...     print(instr.opname)\n"
"LOAD_FAST\n"
"LOAD_CONST\n"
"BINARY_ADD\n"
"RETURN_VALUE"
msgstr ""
">>> import dis\n"
">>> for instr in dis.get_instructions(lambda x: x + 1):\n"
"...     print(instr.opname)\n"
"LOAD_FAST\n"
"LOAD_CONST\n"
"BINARY_ADD\n"
"RETURN_VALUE"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:736
msgid ""
"The various display tools in the :mod:`dis` module have been rewritten to "
"use these new components."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:739
msgid ""
"In addition, a new application-friendly class :class:`~dis.Bytecode` "
"provides an object-oriented API for inspecting bytecode in both in human-"
"readable form and for iterating over instructions.  The :class:`~dis."
"Bytecode` constructor takes the same arguments that :func:`~dis."
"get_instruction` does (plus an optional *current_offset*), and the resulting "
"object can be iterated to produce :class:`~dis.Instruction` objects.  But it "
"also has a :mod:`~dis.Bytecode.dis` method, equivalent to calling :mod:`~dis."
"dis` on the constructor argument, but returned as a multi-line string::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:748
msgid ""
">>> bytecode = dis.Bytecode(lambda x: x + 1, current_offset=3)\n"
">>> for instr in bytecode:\n"
"...     print('{} ({})'.format(instr.opname, instr.opcode))\n"
"LOAD_FAST (124)\n"
"LOAD_CONST (100)\n"
"BINARY_ADD (23)\n"
"RETURN_VALUE (83)\n"
">>> bytecode.dis().splitlines()       \n"
"['  1           0 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)',\n"
" '      -->     3 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)',\n"
" '              6 BINARY_ADD',\n"
" '              7 RETURN_VALUE']"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:761
msgid ""
":class:`~dis.Bytecode` also has a class method, :meth:`~dis.Bytecode."
"from_traceback`, that provides the ability to manipulate a traceback (that "
"is, ``print(Bytecode.from_traceback(tb).dis())`` is equivalent to "
"``distb(tb)``)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:766
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Nick Coghlan, Ryan Kelly and Thomas Kluyver in :issue:"
"`11816` and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17916`.)"
msgstr ""
"（由 Nick Coghlan、Ryan Kelly 和 Thomas Kluyver 在 :issue:`11816` 中以及 "
"Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`17916` 中貢獻。）"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:769
msgid ""
"New function :func:`~dis.stack_effect` computes the effect on the Python "
"stack of a given opcode and argument, information that is not otherwise "
"available. (Contributed by Larry Hastings in :issue:`19722`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:775
msgid "doctest"
msgstr "doctest"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:777
msgid ""
"A new :ref:`option flag <doctest-options>`, :const:`~doctest.FAIL_FAST`, "
"halts test running as soon as the first failure is detected.  (Contributed "
"by R. David Murray and Daniel Urban in :issue:`16522`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:781
msgid ""
"The :mod:`doctest` command line interface now uses :mod:`argparse`, and has "
"two new options, ``-o`` and ``-f``.  ``-o`` allows :ref:`doctest options "
"<doctest-options>` to be specified on the command line, and ``-f`` is a "
"shorthand for ``-o FAIL_FAST`` (to parallel the similar option supported by "
"the :mod:`unittest` CLI).  (Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:"
"`11390`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:787
msgid ""
":mod:`doctest` will now find doctests in extension module ``__doc__`` "
"strings. (Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`3158`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:792
msgid "email"
msgstr "email"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:794
msgid ""
":meth:`~email.message.Message.as_string` now accepts a *policy* argument to "
"override the default policy of the message when generating a string "
"representation of it.  This means that ``as_string`` can now be used in more "
"circumstances, instead of having to create and use a :mod:`~email.generator` "
"in order to pass formatting parameters to its ``flatten`` method.  "
"(Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:`18600`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:801
msgid ""
"New method :meth:`~email.message.Message.as_bytes` added to produce a bytes "
"representation of the message in a fashion similar to how ``as_string`` "
"produces a string representation.  It does not accept the *maxheaderlen* "
"argument, but does accept the *unixfrom* and *policy* arguments. The :class:"
"`~email.message.Message` :meth:`~email.message.Message.__bytes__` method "
"calls it, meaning that ``bytes(mymsg)`` will now produce the intuitive "
"result:  a bytes object containing the fully formatted message.  "
"(Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:`18600`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:810
msgid ""
"The :meth:`.Message.set_param` message now accepts a *replace* keyword "
"argument. When specified, the associated header will be updated without "
"changing its location in the list of headers.  For backward compatibility, "
"the default is ``False``.  (Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:"
"`18891`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:818
msgid ""
"A pair of new subclasses of :class:`~email.message.Message` have been added "
"(:class:`.EmailMessage` and :class:`.MIMEPart`), along with a new sub-"
"module, :mod:`~email.contentmanager` and a new :mod:`~email.policy` "
"attribute :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.content_manager`.  All "
"documentation is currently in the new module, which is being added as part "
"of email's new :term:`provisional API`.  These classes provide a number of "
"new methods that make extracting content from and inserting content into "
"email messages much easier.  For details, see the :mod:`~email."
"contentmanager` documentation and the :ref:`email-examples`.  These API "
"additions complete the bulk of the work that was planned as part of the "
"email6 project.  The currently provisional API is scheduled to become final "
"in Python 3.5 (possibly with a few minor additions in the area of error "
"handling).  (Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:`18891`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:834
msgid "filecmp"
msgstr "filecmp"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:836
msgid ""
"A new :func:`~filecmp.clear_cache` function provides the ability to clear "
"the :mod:`filecmp` comparison cache, which uses :func:`os.stat` information "
"to determine if the file has changed since the last compare.  This can be "
"used, for example, if the file might have been changed and re-checked in "
"less time than the resolution of a particular filesystem's file modification "
"time field. (Contributed by Mark Levitt in :issue:`18149`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:843
msgid ""
"New module attribute :const:`~filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES` provides the list of "
"directories that are used as the default value for the *ignore* parameter of "
"the :func:`~filecmp.dircmp` function.  (Contributed by Eli Bendersky in :"
"issue:`15442`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:850
msgid "functools"
msgstr "functools"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:852
msgid ""
"The new :func:`~functools.partialmethod` descriptor brings partial argument "
"application to descriptors, just as :func:`~functools.partial` provides for "
"normal callables. The new descriptor also makes it easier to get arbitrary "
"callables (including :func:`~functools.partial` instances) to behave like "
"normal instance methods when included in a class definition. (Contributed by "
"Alon Horev and Nick Coghlan in :issue:`4331`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:861
msgid ""
"The new :func:`~functools.singledispatch` decorator brings support for "
"single-dispatch generic functions to the Python standard library. Where "
"object oriented programming focuses on grouping multiple operations on a "
"common set of data into a class, a generic function focuses on grouping "
"multiple implementations of an operation that allows it to work with "
"*different* kinds of data."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:870
msgid ":pep:`443` -- Single-dispatch generic functions"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:871
msgid "PEP written and implemented by Łukasz Langa."
msgstr "由 Łukasz Langa 撰寫 PEP 與實作。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:873
msgid ""
":func:`~functools.total_ordering` now supports a return value of :data:"
"`NotImplemented` from the underlying comparison function.  (Contributed by "
"Katie Miller in :issue:`10042`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:877
msgid ""
"A pure-python version of the :func:`~functools.partial` function is now in "
"the stdlib; in CPython it is overridden by the C accelerated version, but it "
"is available for other implementations to use.  (Contributed by Brian Thorne "
"in :issue:`12428`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:884
msgid "gc"
msgstr "gc"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:886
msgid ""
"New function :func:`~gc.get_stats` returns a list of three per-generation "
"dictionaries containing the collections statistics since interpreter "
"startup. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`16351`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:892
msgid "glob"
msgstr "glob"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:894
msgid ""
"A new function :func:`~glob.escape` provides a way to escape special "
"characters in a filename so that they do not become part of the globbing "
"expansion but are instead matched literally.  (Contributed by Serhiy "
"Storchaka in :issue:`8402`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:900
msgid "hashlib"
msgstr "hashlib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:902
msgid ""
"A new :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` function provides the `PKCS#5 password-"
"based key derivation function 2 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2>`_.  "
"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18582`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:907
msgid ""
"The :attr:`~hashlib.hash.name` attribute of :mod:`hashlib` hash objects is "
"now a formally supported interface.  It has always existed in CPython's :mod:"
"`hashlib` (although it did not return lower case names for all supported "
"hashes), but it was not a public interface and so some other Python "
"implementations have not previously supported it.  (Contributed by Jason R. "
"Coombs in :issue:`18532`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:916
msgid "hmac"
msgstr "hmac"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:918
msgid ""
":mod:`hmac` now accepts ``bytearray`` as well as ``bytes`` for the *key* "
"argument to the :func:`~hmac.new` function, and the *msg* parameter to both "
"the :func:`~hmac.new` function and the :meth:`~hmac.HMAC.update` method now "
"accepts any type supported by the :mod:`hashlib` module.  (Contributed by "
"Jonas Borgström in :issue:`18240`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:924
msgid ""
"The *digestmod* argument to the :func:`hmac.new` function may now be any "
"hash digest name recognized by :mod:`hashlib`.  In addition, the current "
"behavior in which the value of *digestmod* defaults to ``MD5`` is "
"deprecated: in a future version of Python there will be no default value.  "
"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`17276`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:930
msgid ""
"With the addition of :attr:`~hmac.HMAC.block_size` and :attr:`~hmac.HMAC."
"name` attributes (and the formal documentation of the :attr:`~hmac.HMAC."
"digest_size` attribute), the :mod:`hmac` module now conforms fully to the :"
"pep:`247` API. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18775`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:937
msgid "html"
msgstr "html"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:939
msgid ""
"New function :func:`~html.unescape` function converts HTML5 character "
"references to the corresponding Unicode characters.  (Contributed by Ezio "
"Melotti in :issue:`2927`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:943
msgid ""
":class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` accepts a new keyword argument "
"*convert_charrefs* that, when ``True``, automatically converts all character "
"references.  For backward-compatibility, its value defaults to ``False``, "
"but it will change to ``True`` in a future version of Python, so you are "
"invited to set it explicitly and update your code to use this new feature.  "
"(Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`13633`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:950
msgid ""
"The *strict* argument of :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` is now deprecated. "
"(Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`15114`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:955
msgid "http"
msgstr "http"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:957
msgid ""
":meth:`~http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_error` now accepts an "
"optional additional *explain* parameter which can be used to provide an "
"extended error description, overriding the hardcoded default if there is "
"one. This extended error description will be formatted using the :attr:"
"`~http.server.HTTP.error_message_format` attribute and sent as the body of "
"the error response.  (Contributed by Karl Cow in :issue:`12921`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:964
msgid ""
"The :mod:`http.server` :ref:`command line interface <http-server-cli>` now "
"has a ``-b/--bind`` option that causes the server to listen on a specific "
"address. (Contributed by Malte Swart in :issue:`17764`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:970
msgid "idlelib and IDLE"
msgstr "idlelib 與 IDLE"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:972
msgid ""
"Since idlelib implements the IDLE shell and editor and is not intended for "
"import by other programs, it gets improvements with every release. See :file:"
"`Lib/idlelib/NEWS.txt` for a cumulative list of changes since 3.3.0, as well "
"as changes made in future 3.4.x releases. This file is also available from "
"the IDLE :menuselection:`Help --> About IDLE` dialog."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:980
msgid "importlib"
msgstr "importlib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:982
msgid ""
"The :class:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader` ABC defines a new method, :meth:"
"`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader.source_to_code` that accepts source data and a "
"path and returns a code object.  The default implementation is equivalent to "
"``compile(data, path, 'exec', dont_inherit=True)``. (Contributed by Eric "
"Snow and Brett Cannon in :issue:`15627`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:988
msgid ""
":class:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader` also now has a default implementation "
"for the :meth:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader.get_code` method.  However, it "
"will normally be desirable to override the default implementation for "
"performance reasons.  (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`18072`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:993
msgid ""
"The :func:`~importlib.reload` function has been moved from :mod:`!imp` to :"
"mod:`importlib` as part of the :mod:`!imp` module deprecation.  (Contributed "
"by Berker Peksag in :issue:`18193`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:997
msgid ""
":mod:`importlib.util` now has a :const:`~importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER` "
"attribute providing access to the bytecode version number.  This replaces "
"the :func:`!get_magic` function in the deprecated :mod:`!imp` module. "
"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`18192`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1002
msgid ""
"New :mod:`importlib.util` functions :func:`~importlib.util."
"cache_from_source` and :func:`~importlib.util.source_from_cache` replace the "
"same-named functions in the deprecated :mod:`!imp` module.  (Contributed by "
"Brett Cannon in :issue:`18194`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1007
msgid ""
"The :mod:`importlib` bootstrap :class:`.NamespaceLoader` now conforms to "
"the :class:`.InspectLoader` ABC, which means that ``runpy`` and ``python -"
"m`` can now be used with namespace packages.  (Contributed by Brett Cannon "
"in :issue:`18058`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1012
msgid ""
":mod:`importlib.util` has a new function :func:`~importlib.util."
"decode_source` that decodes source from bytes using universal newline "
"processing.  This is useful for implementing :meth:`.InspectLoader."
"get_source` methods."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1016
msgid ""
":class:`importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader` now has a :meth:`~importlib."
"machinery.ExtensionFileLoader.get_filename` method.  This was inadvertently "
"omitted in the original implementation.  (Contributed by Eric Snow in :issue:"
"`19152`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1023
msgid "inspect"
msgstr "inspect"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1025
msgid ""
"The :mod:`inspect` module now offers a basic :ref:`command line interface "
"<inspect-module-cli>` to quickly display source code and other information "
"for modules, classes and functions.  (Contributed by Claudiu Popa and Nick "
"Coghlan in :issue:`18626`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1030
msgid ""
":func:`~inspect.unwrap` makes it easy to unravel wrapper function chains "
"created by :func:`functools.wraps` (and any other API that sets the "
"``__wrapped__`` attribute on a wrapper function).  (Contributed by Daniel "
"Urban, Aaron Iles and Nick Coghlan in :issue:`13266`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1035
msgid ""
"As part of the implementation of the new :mod:`enum` module, the :mod:"
"`inspect` module now has substantially better support for custom ``__dir__`` "
"methods and dynamic class attributes provided through metaclasses.  "
"(Contributed by Ethan Furman in :issue:`18929` and :issue:`19030`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1041
msgid ""
":func:`~inspect.getfullargspec` and :func:`~inspect.getargspec` now use the :"
"func:`~inspect.signature` API. This allows them to support a much broader "
"range of callables, including those with ``__signature__`` attributes, those "
"with metadata provided by argument clinic, :func:`functools.partial` objects "
"and more. Note that, unlike :func:`~inspect.signature`, these functions "
"still ignore ``__wrapped__`` attributes, and report the already bound first "
"argument for bound methods, so it is still necessary to update your code to "
"use :func:`~inspect.signature` directly if those features are desired. "
"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`17481`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1052
msgid ""
":func:`~inspect.signature` now supports duck types of CPython functions, "
"which adds support for functions compiled with Cython.  (Contributed by "
"Stefan Behnel and Yury Selivanov in :issue:`17159`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1058
msgid "ipaddress"
msgstr "ipaddress"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1060
msgid ""
":mod:`ipaddress` was added to the standard library in Python 3.3 as a :term:"
"`provisional API`. With the release of Python 3.4, this qualification has "
"been removed: :mod:`ipaddress` is now considered a stable API, covered by "
"the normal standard library requirements to maintain backwards compatibility."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1066
msgid ""
"A new :attr:`~ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_global` property is ``True`` if an "
"address is globally routeable.  (Contributed by Peter Moody in :issue:"
"`17400`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1072
msgid "logging"
msgstr "logging"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1074
msgid ""
"The :class:`~logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler` has a new *atTime* "
"parameter that can be used to specify the time of day when rollover should "
"happen.  (Contributed by Ronald Oussoren in :issue:`9556`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1078
msgid ""
":class:`~logging.handlers.SocketHandler` and :class:`~logging.handlers."
"DatagramHandler` now support Unix domain sockets (by setting *port* to "
"``None``).  (Contributed by Vinay Sajip in commit ce46195b56a9.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1083
msgid ""
":func:`~logging.config.fileConfig` now accepts a :class:`configparser."
"RawConfigParser` subclass instance for the *fname* parameter.  This "
"facilitates using a configuration file when logging configuration is just a "
"part of the overall application configuration, or where the application "
"modifies the configuration before passing it to :func:`~logging.config."
"fileConfig`.  (Contributed by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`16110`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1091
msgid ""
"Logging configuration data received from a socket via the :func:`logging."
"config.listen` function can now be validated before being processed by "
"supplying a verification function as the argument to the new *verify* "
"keyword argument.  (Contributed by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`15452`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1100
msgid "marshal"
msgstr "marshal"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1102
msgid ""
"The default :mod:`marshal` version has been bumped to 3.  The code "
"implementing the new version restores the Python2 behavior of recording only "
"one copy of interned strings and preserving the interning on "
"deserialization, and extends this \"one copy\" ability to any object type "
"(including handling recursive references).  This reduces both the size of ``."
"pyc`` files and the amount of memory a module occupies in memory when it is "
"loaded from a ``.pyc`` (or ``.pyo``) file.  (Contributed by Kristján Valur "
"Jónsson in :issue:`16475`, with additional speedups by Antoine Pitrou in :"
"issue:`19219`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1113
msgid "mmap"
msgstr "mmap"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1115
msgid ""
"mmap objects are now :ref:`weakly referenceable <mod-weakref>`. (Contributed "
"by Valerie Lambert in :issue:`4885`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1120
msgid "multiprocessing"
msgstr "multiprocessing"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1124
msgid ""
"On Unix two new :ref:`start methods <multiprocessing-start-methods>`, "
"``spawn`` and ``forkserver``, have been added for starting processes using :"
"mod:`multiprocessing`.  These make the mixing of processes with threads more "
"robust, and the ``spawn`` method matches the semantics that multiprocessing "
"has always used on Windows.  New function :func:`~multiprocessing."
"get_all_start_methods` reports all start methods available on the platform, :"
"func:`~multiprocessing.get_start_method` reports the current start method, "
"and :func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` sets the start method.  "
"(Contributed by Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`8713`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1134
msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` also now has the concept of a ``context``, which "
"determines how child processes are created.  New function :func:"
"`~multiprocessing.get_context` returns a context that uses a specified start "
"method.  It has the same API as the :mod:`multiprocessing` module itself, so "
"you can use it to create :class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool`\\ s and other "
"objects that will operate within that context.  This allows a framework and "
"an application or different parts of the same application to use "
"multiprocessing without interfering with each other.  (Contributed by "
"Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`18999`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1144
msgid ""
"Except when using the old *fork* start method, child processes no longer "
"inherit unneeded handles/file descriptors from their parents (part of :issue:"
"`8713`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1148
msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` now relies on :mod:`runpy` (which implements the ``-"
"m`` switch) to initialise ``__main__`` appropriately in child processes when "
"using the ``spawn`` or ``forkserver`` start methods. This resolves some edge "
"cases where combining multiprocessing, the ``-m`` command line switch, and "
"explicit relative imports could cause obscure failures in child processes.  "
"(Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`19946`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1157
msgid "operator"
msgstr "operator"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1159
msgid ""
"New function :func:`~operator.length_hint` provides an implementation of the "
"specification for how the :meth:`~object.__length_hint__` special method "
"should be used, as part of the :pep:`424` formal specification of this "
"language feature.  (Contributed by Armin Ronacher in :issue:`16148`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1164
msgid ""
"There is now a pure-python version of the :mod:`operator` module available "
"for reference and for use by alternate implementations of Python.  "
"(Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`16694`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1170
msgid "os"
msgstr "os"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1172
msgid ""
"There are new functions to get and set the :ref:`inheritable flag "
"<fd_inheritance>` of a file descriptor (:func:`os.get_inheritable`, :func:"
"`os.set_inheritable`) or a Windows handle (:func:`os."
"get_handle_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_handle_inheritable`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1177
msgid ""
"New function :func:`~os.cpu_count` reports the number of CPUs available on "
"the platform on which Python is running (or ``None`` if the count can't be "
"determined).  The :func:`multiprocessing.cpu_count` function is now "
"implemented in terms of this function).  (Contributed by Trent Nelson, "
"Yogesh Chaudhari, Victor Stinner, and Charles-François Natali in :issue:"
"`17914`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1183
msgid ""
":func:`os.path.samestat` is now available on the Windows platform (and the :"
"func:`os.path.samefile` implementation is now shared between Unix and "
"Windows).  (Contributed by Brian Curtin in :issue:`11939`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1187
msgid ""
":func:`os.path.ismount` now recognizes volumes mounted below a drive root on "
"Windows.  (Contributed by Tim Golden in :issue:`9035`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1190
msgid ""
":func:`os.open` supports two new flags on platforms that provide them, :"
"const:`~os.O_PATH` (un-opened file descriptor), and :const:`~os.O_TMPFILE` "
"(unnamed temporary file; as of 3.4.0 release available only on Linux systems "
"with a kernel version of 3.11 or newer that have uapi headers).  "
"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18673` and Benjamin Peterson, "
"respectively.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1198
msgid "pdb"
msgstr "pdb"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1200
msgid ""
":mod:`pdb` has been enhanced to handle generators, :keyword:`yield`, and "
"``yield from`` in a more useful fashion.  This is especially helpful when "
"debugging :mod:`asyncio` based programs.  (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov and "
"Xavier de Gaye in :issue:`16596`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1205
msgid ""
"The ``print`` command has been removed from :mod:`pdb`, restoring access to "
"the Python :func:`print` function from the pdb command line.  Python2's "
"``pdb`` did not have a ``print`` command; instead, entering ``print`` "
"executed the ``print`` statement.  In Python3 ``print`` was mistakenly made "
"an alias for the pdb :pdbcmd:`p` command.  ``p``, however, prints the "
"``repr`` of its argument, not the ``str`` like the Python2 ``print`` command "
"did.  Worse, the Python3 ``pdb print`` command shadowed the Python3 "
"``print`` function, making it inaccessible at the ``pdb`` prompt.  "
"(Contributed by Connor Osborn in :issue:`18764`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1219
msgid "pickle"
msgstr "pickle"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1221
msgid ""
":mod:`pickle` now supports (but does not use by default) a new pickle "
"protocol, protocol 4.  This new protocol addresses a number of issues that "
"were present in previous protocols, such as the serialization of nested "
"classes, very large strings and containers, and classes whose :meth:"
"`__new__` method takes keyword-only arguments.  It also provides some "
"efficiency improvements."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1229
msgid ":pep:`3154` -- Pickle protocol 4"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1230
msgid "PEP written by Antoine Pitrou and implemented by Alexandre Vassalotti."
msgstr "由 Antoine Pitrou 撰寫 PEP、Alexandre Vassalotti 實作。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1234
msgid "plistlib"
msgstr "plistlib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1236
msgid ""
":mod:`plistlib` now has an API that is similar to the standard pattern for "
"stdlib serialization protocols, with new :func:`~plistlib.load`, :func:"
"`~plistlib.dump`, :func:`~plistlib.loads`, and :func:`~plistlib.dumps` "
"functions.  (The older API is now deprecated.)  In addition to the already "
"supported XML plist format (:const:`~plistlib.FMT_XML`), it also now "
"supports the binary plist format (:const:`~plistlib.FMT_BINARY`).  "
"(Contributed by Ronald Oussoren and others in :issue:`14455`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1246
msgid "poplib"
msgstr "poplib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1248
msgid ""
"Two new methods have been added to :mod:`poplib`: :meth:`~poplib.POP3.capa`, "
"which returns the list of capabilities advertised by the POP server, and :"
"meth:`~poplib.POP3.stls`, which switches a clear-text POP3 session into an "
"encrypted POP3 session if the POP server supports it.  (Contributed by "
"Lorenzo Catucci in :issue:`4473`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1256
msgid "pprint"
msgstr "pprint"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1258
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pprint` module's :class:`~pprint.PrettyPrinter` class and its :"
"func:`~pprint.pformat`, and :func:`~pprint.pprint` functions have a new "
"option, *compact*, that controls how the output is formatted.  Currently "
"setting *compact* to ``True`` means that sequences will be printed with as "
"many sequence elements as will fit within *width* on each (indented) line. "
"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19132`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1265
msgid ""
"Long strings are now wrapped using Python's normal line continuation "
"syntax.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`17150`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1270
msgid "pty"
msgstr "pty"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1272
msgid ""
":func:`pty.spawn` now returns the status value from :func:`os.waitpid` on "
"the child process, instead of ``None``.  (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1277
msgid "pydoc"
msgstr "pydoc"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1279
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pydoc` module is now based directly on the :func:`inspect."
"signature` introspection API, allowing it to provide signature information "
"for a wider variety of callable objects. This change also means that "
"``__wrapped__`` attributes are now taken into account when displaying help "
"information. (Contributed by Larry Hastings in :issue:`19674`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1285
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pydoc` module no longer displays the ``self`` parameter for "
"already bound methods. Instead, it aims to always display the exact current "
"signature of the supplied callable.  (Contributed by Larry Hastings in :"
"issue:`20710`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1290
msgid ""
"In addition to the changes that have been made to :mod:`pydoc` directly, its "
"handling of custom ``__dir__`` methods and various descriptor behaviours has "
"also been improved substantially by the underlying changes in the :mod:"
"`inspect` module."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1295
msgid ""
"As the :func:`help` builtin is based on :mod:`pydoc`, the above changes also "
"affect the behaviour of :func:`help`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1300
msgid "re"
msgstr "re"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1302
msgid ""
"New :func:`~re.fullmatch` function and :meth:`.regex.fullmatch` method "
"anchor the pattern at both ends of the string to match.  This provides a way "
"to be explicit about the goal of the match, which avoids a class of subtle "
"bugs where ``$`` characters get lost during code changes or the addition of "
"alternatives to an existing regular expression.  (Contributed by Matthew "
"Barnett in :issue:`16203`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1309
msgid ""
"The repr of :ref:`regex objects <re-objects>` now includes the pattern and "
"the flags; the repr of :ref:`match objects <match-objects>` now includes the "
"start, end, and the part of the string that matched.  (Contributed by Hugo "
"Lopes Tavares and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`13592` and :issue:`17087`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1317
msgid "resource"
msgstr "resource"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1319
msgid ""
"New :func:`~resource.prlimit` function, available on Linux platforms with a "
"kernel version of 2.6.36 or later and glibc of 2.13 or later, provides the "
"ability to query or set the resource limits for processes other than the one "
"making the call.  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16595`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1324
msgid ""
"On Linux kernel version 2.6.36 or later, there are also some new Linux "
"specific constants: :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE`, :const:`~resource."
"RLIMIT_NICE`, :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_RTPRIO`, :const:`~resource."
"RLIMIT_RTTIME`, and :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SIGPENDING`. (Contributed by "
"Christian Heimes in :issue:`19324`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1330
msgid ""
"On FreeBSD version 9 and later, there some new FreeBSD specific constants: :"
"const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SBSIZE`, :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SWAP`, and :const:"
"`~resource.RLIMIT_NPTS`.  (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`19343`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1337
msgid "select"
msgstr "select"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1339
msgid ""
":class:`~select.epoll` objects now support the context management protocol. "
"When used in a :keyword:`with` statement, the :meth:`~select.epoll.close` "
"method will be called automatically at the end of the block.  (Contributed "
"by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`16488`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1344
msgid ""
":class:`~select.devpoll` objects now have :meth:`~select.devpoll.fileno` "
"and :meth:`~select.devpoll.close` methods, as well as a new attribute :attr:"
"`~select.devpoll.closed`.  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`18794`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1351
msgid "shelve"
msgstr "shelve"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1353
msgid ""
":class:`~shelve.Shelf` instances may now be used in :keyword:`with` "
"statements, and will be automatically closed at the end of the :keyword:`!"
"with` block. (Contributed by Filip Gruszczyński in :issue:`13896`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1359
msgid "shutil"
msgstr "shutil"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1361
msgid ""
":func:`~shutil.copyfile` now raises a specific :exc:`~shutil.Error` "
"subclass, :exc:`~shutil.SameFileError`, when the source and destination are "
"the same file, which allows an application to take appropriate action on "
"this specific error.  (Contributed by Atsuo Ishimoto and Hynek Schlawack in :"
"issue:`1492704`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1369
msgid "smtpd"
msgstr "smtpd"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1371
msgid ""
"The :class:`!SMTPServer` and :class:`!SMTPChannel` classes now accept a "
"*map* keyword argument which, if specified, is passed in to :class:`!"
"asynchat.async_chat` as its *map* argument.  This allows an application to "
"avoid affecting the global socket map.  (Contributed by Vinay Sajip in :"
"issue:`11959`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1379
msgid "smtplib"
msgstr "smtplib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1381
msgid ""
":exc:`~smtplib.SMTPException` is now a subclass of :exc:`OSError`, which "
"allows both socket level errors and SMTP protocol level errors to be caught "
"in one try/except statement by code that only cares whether or not an error "
"occurred. (Contributed by Ned Jackson Lovely in :issue:`2118`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1388
msgid "socket"
msgstr "socket"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1390
msgid ""
"The socket module now supports the :const:`~socket.CAN_BCM` protocol on "
"platforms that support it.  (Contributed by Brian Thorne in :issue:`15359`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1393
msgid ""
"Socket objects have new methods to get or set their :ref:`inheritable flag "
"<fd_inheritance>`, :meth:`~socket.socket.get_inheritable` and :meth:`~socket."
"socket.set_inheritable`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1397
msgid ""
"The ``socket.AF_*`` and ``socket.SOCK_*`` constants are now enumeration "
"values using the new :mod:`enum` module.  This allows meaningful names to be "
"printed during debugging, instead of integer \"magic numbers\"."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1401
msgid "The :const:`~socket.AF_LINK` constant is now available on BSD and OSX."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1403
msgid ""
":func:`~socket.inet_pton` and :func:`~socket.inet_ntop` are now supported on "
"Windows.  (Contributed by Atsuo Ishimoto in :issue:`7171`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1408
msgid "sqlite3"
msgstr "sqlite3"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1410
msgid ""
"A new boolean parameter to the :func:`~sqlite3.connect` function, *uri*, can "
"be used to indicate that the *database* parameter is a ``uri`` (see the "
"`SQLite URI documentation <https://www.sqlite.org/uri.html>`_).  "
"(Contributed by poq in :issue:`13773`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1417
msgid "ssl"
msgstr "ssl"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1421
msgid ""
":data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1` and :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2` (TLSv1.1 and "
"TLSv1.2 support) have been added; support for these protocols is only "
"available if Python is linked with OpenSSL 1.0.1 or later.  (Contributed by "
"Michele Orrù and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`16692`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1428
msgid ""
"New function :func:`~ssl.create_default_context` provides a standard way to "
"obtain an :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` whose settings are intended to be a "
"reasonable balance between compatibility and security.  These settings are "
"more stringent than the defaults provided by the :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` "
"constructor, and may be adjusted in the future, without prior deprecation, "
"if best-practice security requirements change.  The new recommended best "
"practice for using stdlib libraries that support SSL is to use :func:`~ssl."
"create_default_context` to obtain an :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` object, modify "
"it if needed, and then pass it as the *context* argument of the appropriate "
"stdlib API.  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`19689`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1440
msgid ""
":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` method :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext."
"load_verify_locations` accepts a new optional argument *cadata*, which can "
"be used to provide PEM or DER encoded certificates directly via strings or "
"bytes, respectively. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18138`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1445
msgid ""
"New function :func:`~ssl.get_default_verify_paths` returns a named tuple of "
"the paths and environment variables that the :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext."
"set_default_verify_paths` method uses to set OpenSSL's default ``cafile`` "
"and ``capath``.  This can be an aid in debugging default verification "
"issues.  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18143`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1452
msgid ""
":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` has a new method, :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext."
"cert_store_stats`, that reports the number of loaded ``X.509`` certs, "
"``X.509 CA`` certs, and certificate revocation lists (``crl``\\ s), as well "
"as a :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.get_ca_certs` method that returns a list of the "
"loaded ``CA`` certificates.  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:"
"`18147`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1459
msgid ""
"If OpenSSL 0.9.8 or later is available, :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` has a new "
"attribute :attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.verify_flags` that can be used to control "
"the certificate verification process by setting it to some combination of "
"the new constants :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT`, :const:`~ssl."
"VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF`, :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN`, or :const:"
"`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT`. OpenSSL does not do any CRL verification by "
"default.  (Contributed by Christien Heimes in :issue:`8813`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1467
msgid ""
"New :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` method :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext."
"load_default_certs` loads a set of default \"certificate authority\" (CA) "
"certificates from default locations, which vary according to the platform.  "
"It can be used to load both TLS web server authentication certificates "
"(``purpose=``:data:`~ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH`) for a client to use to verify "
"a server, and certificates for a server to use in verifying client "
"certificates (``purpose=``:data:`~ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH`).  (Contributed "
"by Christian Heimes in :issue:`19292`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1478
msgid ""
"Two new windows-only functions, :func:`~ssl.enum_certificates` and :func:"
"`~ssl.enum_crls` provide the ability to retrieve certificates, certificate "
"information, and CRLs from the Windows cert store.  (Contributed by "
"Christian Heimes in :issue:`17134`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1485
msgid ""
"Support for server-side SNI (Server Name Indication) using the new :meth:"
"`ssl.SSLContext.set_servername_callback` method. (Contributed by Daniel "
"Black in :issue:`8109`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1489
msgid ""
"The dictionary returned by :meth:`.SSLSocket.getpeercert` contains "
"additional ``X509v3`` extension items: ``crlDistributionPoints``, "
"``calIssuers``, and ``OCSP`` URIs.  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :"
"issue:`18379`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1495
msgid "stat"
msgstr "stat"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1497
msgid ""
"The :mod:`stat` module is now backed by a C implementation in :mod:`!_stat`. "
"A C implementation is required as most of the values aren't standardized and "
"are platform-dependent.  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`11016`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1501
msgid ""
"The module supports new :mod:`~stat.ST_MODE` flags, :mod:`~stat.S_IFDOOR`, :"
"const:`~stat.S_IFPORT`, and :const:`~stat.S_IFWHT`.  (Contributed by "
"Christian Hiemes in :issue:`11016`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1507
msgid "struct"
msgstr "struct"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1509
msgid ""
"New function :mod:`~struct.iter_unpack` and a new :meth:`struct.Struct."
"iter_unpack` method on compiled formats provide streamed unpacking of a "
"buffer containing repeated instances of a given format of data. (Contributed "
"by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`17804`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1516
msgid "subprocess"
msgstr "subprocess"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1518
msgid ""
":func:`~subprocess.check_output` now accepts an *input* argument that can be "
"used to provide the contents of ``stdin`` for the command that is run. "
"(Contributed by Zack Weinberg in :issue:`16624`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1522
msgid ""
":func:`~subprocess.getstatus` and :func:`~subprocess.getstatusoutput` now "
"work on Windows.  This change was actually inadvertently made in 3.3.4. "
"(Contributed by Tim Golden in :issue:`10197`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1528
msgid "sunau"
msgstr "sunau"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1530
msgid ""
"The :meth:`!getparams` method now returns a namedtuple rather than a plain "
"tuple.  (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`18901`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1533
msgid ""
":meth:`!sunau.open` now supports the context management protocol: when used "
"in a :keyword:`with` block, the ``close`` method of the returned object will "
"be called automatically at the end of the block.  (Contributed by Serhiy "
"Storchaka in :issue:`18878`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1538
msgid ""
":meth:`.AU_write.setsampwidth` now supports 24 bit samples, thus adding "
"support for writing 24 sample using the module.  (Contributed by Serhiy "
"Storchaka in :issue:`19261`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1548
msgid "sys"
msgstr "sys"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1550
msgid ""
"New function :func:`sys.getallocatedblocks` returns the current number of "
"blocks allocated by the interpreter.  (In CPython with the default ``--with-"
"pymalloc`` setting, this is allocations made through the :c:func:"
"`PyObject_Malloc` API.)  This can be useful for tracking memory leaks, "
"especially if automated via a test suite.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou "
"in :issue:`13390`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1557
msgid ""
"When the Python interpreter starts in :ref:`interactive mode <tut-"
"interactive>`, it checks for an :data:`~sys.__interactivehook__` attribute "
"on the :mod:`sys` module.  If the attribute exists, its value is called with "
"no arguments just before interactive mode is started.  The check is made "
"after the :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` file is read, so it can be set there.  "
"The :mod:`site` module :ref:`sets it <rlcompleter-config>` to a function "
"that enables tab completion and history saving (in :file:`~/.python-"
"history`) if the platform supports :mod:`readline`.  If you do not want this "
"(new) behavior, you can override it in :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP`, :mod:"
"`sitecustomize`, or :mod:`usercustomize` by deleting this attribute from :"
"mod:`sys` (or setting it to some other callable).  (Contributed by Éric "
"Araujo and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`5845`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1572
msgid "tarfile"
msgstr "tarfile"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1574
msgid ""
"The :mod:`tarfile` module now supports a simple :ref:`tarfile-commandline` "
"when called as a script directly or via ``-m``.  This can be used to create "
"and extract tarfile archives.  (Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:"
"`13477`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1580
msgid "textwrap"
msgstr "textwrap"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1582
msgid ""
"The :class:`~textwrap.TextWrapper` class has two new attributes/constructor "
"arguments: :attr:`~textwrap.TextWrapper.max_lines`, which limits the number "
"of lines in the output, and :attr:`~textwrap.TextWrapper.placeholder`, which "
"is a string that will appear at the end of the output if it has been "
"truncated because of *max_lines*.  Building on these capabilities, a new "
"convenience function :func:`~textwrap.shorten` collapses all of the "
"whitespace in the input to single spaces and produces a single line of a "
"given *width* that ends with the *placeholder* (by default, ``[...]``).  "
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`18585` and :"
"issue:`18725`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1594
msgid "threading"
msgstr "threading"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1596
msgid ""
"The :class:`~threading.Thread` object representing the main thread can be "
"obtained from the new :func:`~threading.main_thread` function.  In normal "
"conditions this will be the thread from which the Python interpreter was "
"started.  (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`18882`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1603
msgid "traceback"
msgstr "traceback"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1605
msgid ""
"A new :func:`traceback.clear_frames` function takes a traceback object and "
"clears the local variables in all of the frames it references, reducing the "
"amount of memory consumed.  (Contributed by Andrew Kuchling in :issue:"
"`1565525`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1612
msgid "types"
msgstr "types"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1614
msgid ""
"A new :func:`~types.DynamicClassAttribute` descriptor provides a way to "
"define an attribute that acts normally when looked up through an instance "
"object, but which is routed to the *class* ``__getattr__`` when looked up "
"through the class.  This allows one to have properties active on a class, "
"and have virtual attributes on the class with the same name (see :mod:`Enum` "
"for an example). (Contributed by Ethan Furman in :issue:`19030`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1623
msgid "urllib"
msgstr "urllib"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1625
msgid ""
":mod:`urllib.request` now supports ``data:`` URLs via the :class:`~urllib."
"request.DataHandler` class.  (Contributed by Mathias Panzenböck in :issue:"
"`16423`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1629
msgid ""
"The http method that will be used by a :class:`~urllib.request.Request` "
"class can now be specified by setting a :class:`~urllib.request.Request."
"method` class attribute on the subclass.  (Contributed by Jason R Coombs in :"
"issue:`18978`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1634
msgid ""
":class:`~urllib.request.Request` objects are now reusable: if the :attr:"
"`~urllib.request.Request.full_url` or :attr:`~urllib.request.Request.data` "
"attributes are modified, all relevant internal properties are updated.  This "
"means, for example, that it is now possible to use the same :class:`~urllib."
"request.Request` object in more than one :meth:`.OpenerDirector.open` call "
"with different *data* arguments, or to modify a :class:`~urllib.request."
"Request`\\ 's ``url`` rather than recomputing it from scratch.  There is "
"also a new :meth:`~urllib.request.Request.remove_header` method that can be "
"used to remove headers from a :class:`~urllib.request.Request`.  "
"(Contributed by Alexey Kachayev in :issue:`16464`, Daniel Wozniak in :issue:"
"`17485`, and Damien Brecht and Senthil Kumaran in :issue:`17272`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1647
msgid ""
":class:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` objects now have a :attr:`~urllib.error."
"HTTPError.headers` attribute that provides access to the HTTP response "
"headers associated with the error.  (Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:"
"`15701`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1654
msgid "unittest"
msgstr "unittest"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1656
msgid ""
"The :class:`~unittest.TestCase` class has a new method, :meth:`~unittest."
"TestCase.subTest`, that produces a context manager whose :keyword:`with` "
"block becomes a \"sub-test\".  This context manager allows a test method to "
"dynamically generate subtests  by, say, calling the ``subTest`` context "
"manager inside a loop.  A single test method can thereby produce an "
"indefinite number of separately identified and separately counted tests, all "
"of which will run even if one or more of them fail.  For example::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1664
msgid ""
"class NumbersTest(unittest.TestCase):\n"
"    def test_even(self):\n"
"        for i in range(6):\n"
"            with self.subTest(i=i):\n"
"                self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)"
msgstr ""
"class NumbersTest(unittest.TestCase):\n"
"    def test_even(self):\n"
"        for i in range(6):\n"
"            with self.subTest(i=i):\n"
"                self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1670
msgid ""
"will result in six subtests, each identified in the unittest verbose output "
"with a label consisting of the variable name ``i`` and a particular value "
"for that variable (``i=0``, ``i=1``, etc).  See :ref:`subtests` for the full "
"version of this example.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`16997`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1675
msgid ""
":func:`unittest.main` now accepts an iterable of test names for "
"*defaultTest*, where previously it only accepted a single test name as a "
"string.  (Contributed by Jyrki Pulliainen in :issue:`15132`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1679
msgid ""
"If :class:`~unittest.SkipTest` is raised during test discovery (that is, at "
"the module level in the test file), it is now reported as a skip instead of "
"an error.  (Contributed by Zach Ware in :issue:`16935`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1683
msgid ""
":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.discover` now sorts the discovered files to "
"provide consistent test ordering.  (Contributed by Martin Melin and Jeff "
"Ramnani in :issue:`16709`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1687
msgid ""
":class:`~unittest.TestSuite` now drops references to tests as soon as the "
"test has been run, if the test is successful.  On Python interpreters that "
"do garbage collection, this allows the tests to be garbage collected if "
"nothing else is holding a reference to the test.  It is possible to override "
"this behavior by creating a :class:`~unittest.TestSuite` subclass that "
"defines a custom ``_removeTestAtIndex`` method.  (Contributed by Tom "
"Wardill, Matt McClure, and Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`11798`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1695
msgid ""
"A new test assertion context-manager, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertLogs`, "
"will ensure that a given block of code emits a log message using the :mod:"
"`logging` module.  By default the message can come from any logger and have "
"a priority of ``INFO`` or higher, but both the logger name and an "
"alternative minimum logging level may be specified.  The object returned by "
"the context manager can be queried for the :class:`~logging.LogRecord`\\ s "
"and/or formatted messages that were logged.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou "
"in :issue:`18937`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1704
msgid ""
"Test discovery now works with namespace packages (Contributed by Claudiu "
"Popa in :issue:`17457`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1707
msgid ""
":mod:`unittest.mock` objects now inspect their specification signatures when "
"matching calls, which means an argument can now be matched by either "
"position or name, instead of only by position.  (Contributed by Antoine "
"Pitrou in :issue:`17015`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1712
msgid ""
":func:`~mock.mock_open` objects now have ``readline`` and ``readlines`` "
"methods.  (Contributed by Toshio Kuratomi in :issue:`17467`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1717
msgid "venv"
msgstr "venv"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1719
msgid ""
":mod:`venv` now includes activation scripts for the ``csh`` and ``fish`` "
"shells.  (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`15417`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1722
msgid ""
":class:`~venv.EnvBuilder` and the :func:`~venv.create` convenience function "
"take a new keyword argument *with_pip*, which defaults to ``False``, that "
"controls whether or not :class:`~venv.EnvBuilder` ensures that ``pip`` is "
"installed in the virtual environment.  (Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :"
"issue:`19552` as part of the :pep:`453` implementation.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1730
msgid "wave"
msgstr "wave"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1732
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~wave.getparams` method now returns a namedtuple rather than a "
"plain tuple.  (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17487`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1735
msgid ""
":meth:`wave.open` now supports the context management protocol.  "
"(Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17616`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1738
msgid ""
":mod:`wave` can now :ref:`write output to unseekable files <wave-write-"
"objects>`.  (Contributed by David Jones, Guilherme Polo, and Serhiy "
"Storchaka in :issue:`5202`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1742
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw` and :meth:`~wave.Wave_write."
"writeframes` methods now accept any :term:`bytes-like object`.  (Contributed "
"by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`8311`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1748
msgid "weakref"
msgstr "weakref"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1750
msgid ""
"New :class:`~weakref.WeakMethod` class simulates weak references to bound "
"methods.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`14631`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1753
msgid ""
"New :class:`~weakref.finalize` class makes it possible to register a "
"callback to be invoked when an object is garbage collected, without needing "
"to carefully manage the lifecycle of the weak reference itself.  "
"(Contributed by Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`15528`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1758
msgid ""
"The callback, if any, associated with a :class:`~weakref.ref` is now exposed "
"via the :attr:`~weakref.ref.__callback__` attribute.  (Contributed by Mark "
"Dickinson in :issue:`17643`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1764
msgid "xml.etree"
msgstr "xml.etree"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1766
msgid ""
"A new parser, :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser`, allows a non-"
"blocking applications to parse XML documents.  An example can be seen at :"
"ref:`elementtree-pull-parsing`.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:"
"`17741`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1771
msgid ""
"The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` :func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring` "
"and :func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.tostringlist` functions, and the :class:"
"`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree` :meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree."
"ElementTree.write` method, now have a *short_empty_elements* :ref:`keyword-"
"only parameter <keyword-only_parameter>` providing control over whether "
"elements with no content are written in abbreviated (``<tag />``) or "
"expanded (``<tag></tag>``) form.  (Contributed by Ariel Poliak and Serhiy "
"Storchaka in :issue:`14377`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1782
msgid "zipfile"
msgstr "zipfile"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1784
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~zipfile.PyZipFile.writepy` method of the :class:`~zipfile."
"PyZipFile` class has a new *filterfunc* option that can be used to control "
"which directories and files are added to the archive.  For example, this "
"could be used to exclude test files from the archive. (Contributed by "
"Christian Tismer in :issue:`19274`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1790
msgid ""
"The *allowZip64* parameter to :class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` and :class:`~zipfile."
"PyZipfile` is now ``True`` by default.  (Contributed by William Mallard in :"
"issue:`17201`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1797
msgid "CPython Implementation Changes"
msgstr "CPython 實作變更"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1803
msgid "PEP 445: Customization of CPython Memory Allocators"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1805
msgid ""
":pep:`445` adds new C level interfaces to customize memory allocation in the "
"CPython interpreter."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1810
msgid ":pep:`445` -- Add new APIs to customize Python memory allocators"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1817
msgid "PEP 442: Safe Object Finalization"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1819
msgid ""
":pep:`442` removes the current limitations and quirks of object finalization "
"in CPython. With it, objects with :meth:`__del__` methods, as well as "
"generators with :keyword:`finally` clauses, can be finalized when they are "
"part of a reference cycle."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1824
msgid ""
"As part of this change, module globals are no longer forcibly set to :const:"
"`None` during interpreter shutdown in most cases, instead relying on the "
"normal operation of the cyclic garbage collector.  This avoids a whole class "
"of interpreter-shutdown-time errors, usually involving ``__del__`` methods, "
"that have plagued Python since the cyclic GC was first introduced."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1833
msgid ":pep:`442` -- Safe object finalization"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1840
msgid "PEP 456: Secure and Interchangeable Hash Algorithm"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1842
msgid ""
":pep:`456` follows up on earlier security fix work done on Python's hash "
"algorithm to address certain DOS attacks to which public facing APIs backed "
"by dictionary lookups may be subject.  (See :issue:`14621` for the start of "
"the current round of improvements.)  The PEP unifies CPython's hash code to "
"make it easier for a packager to substitute a different hash algorithm, and "
"switches Python's default implementation to a SipHash implementation on "
"platforms that have a 64 bit data type.  Any performance differences in "
"comparison with the older FNV algorithm are trivial."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1851
msgid ""
"The PEP adds additional fields to the :data:`sys.hash_info` named tuple to "
"describe the hash algorithm in use by the currently executing binary.  "
"Otherwise, the PEP does not alter any existing CPython APIs."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1859
msgid "PEP 436: Argument Clinic"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1861
msgid ""
"\"Argument Clinic\" (:pep:`436`) is now part of the CPython build process "
"and can be used to simplify the process of defining and maintaining accurate "
"signatures for builtins and standard library extension modules implemented "
"in C."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1866
msgid ""
"Some standard library extension modules have been converted to use Argument "
"Clinic in Python 3.4, and :mod:`pydoc` and :mod:`inspect` have been updated "
"accordingly."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1870
msgid ""
"It is expected that signature metadata for programmatic introspection will "
"be added to additional callables implemented in C as part of Python 3.4 "
"maintenance releases."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1875
msgid ""
"The Argument Clinic PEP is not fully up to date with the state of the "
"implementation. This has been deemed acceptable by the release manager and "
"core development team in this case, as Argument Clinic will not be made "
"available as a public API for third party use in Python 3.4."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1882
msgid ":pep:`436` -- The Argument Clinic DSL"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1883
msgid "PEP written and implemented by Larry Hastings."
msgstr "由 Larry Hastings 撰寫 PEP 與實作。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1887
msgid "Other Build and C API Changes"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1889
msgid ""
"The new :c:func:`PyType_GetSlot` function has been added to the stable ABI, "
"allowing retrieval of function pointers from named type slots when using the "
"limited API.  (Contributed by Martin von Löwis in :issue:`17162`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1893
msgid ""
"The new :c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding` pre-initialization API "
"allows applications embedding the CPython interpreter to reliably force a "
"particular encoding and error handler for the standard streams. (Contributed "
"by Bastien Montagne and Nick Coghlan in :issue:`16129`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1898
msgid ""
"Most Python C APIs that don't mutate string arguments are now correctly "
"marked as accepting ``const char *`` rather than ``char *``.  (Contributed "
"by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`1772673`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1902
msgid ""
"A new shell version of ``python-config`` can be used even when a python "
"interpreter is not available (for example, in cross compilation scenarios)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1905
msgid ""
":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` now supports width and precision "
"specifications for ``%s``, ``%A``, ``%U``, ``%V``, ``%S``, and ``%R``. "
"(Contributed by Ysj Ray and Victor Stinner in :issue:`7330`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1909
msgid ""
"New function :c:func:`PyStructSequence_InitType2` supplements the existing :"
"c:func:`PyStructSequence_InitType` function.  The difference is that it "
"returns ``0`` on success and ``-1`` on failure."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1913
msgid ""
"The CPython source can now be compiled using the address sanity checking "
"features of recent versions of GCC and clang:  the false alarms in the small "
"object allocator have been silenced.  (Contributed by Dhiru Kholia in :issue:"
"`18596`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1918
msgid ""
"The Windows build now uses `Address Space Layout Randomization <https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_space_layout_randomization>`_ and `Data Execution "
"Prevention <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention>`_.  "
"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16632`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1923
msgid ""
"New function :c:func:`PyObject_LengthHint` is the C API equivalent of :func:"
"`operator.length_hint`.  (Contributed by Armin Ronacher in :issue:`16148`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1931
msgid "Other Improvements"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1935
msgid ""
"The :ref:`python <using-on-cmdline>` command has a new :ref:`option <using-"
"on-misc-options>`, ``-I``, which causes it to run in \"isolated mode\", "
"which means that :data:`sys.path` contains neither the script's directory "
"nor the user's ``site-packages`` directory, and all :envvar:`!PYTHON*` "
"environment variables are ignored (it implies both ``-s`` and ``-E``).  "
"Other restrictions may also be applied in the future, with the goal being to "
"isolate the execution of a script from the user's environment.  This is "
"appropriate, for example, when Python is used to run a system script.  On "
"most POSIX systems it can and should be used in the ``#!`` line of system "
"scripts.  (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16499`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1946
msgid ""
"Tab-completion is now enabled by default in the interactive interpreter on "
"systems that support :mod:`readline`.  History is also enabled by default, "
"and is written to (and read from) the file :file:`~/.python-history`. "
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Éric Araujo in :issue:`5845`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1951
msgid ""
"Invoking the Python interpreter with ``--version`` now outputs the version "
"to standard output instead of standard error (:issue:`18338`). Similar "
"changes were made to :mod:`argparse` (:issue:`18920`) and other modules that "
"have script-like invocation capabilities (:issue:`18922`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1956
msgid ""
"The CPython Windows installer now adds ``.py`` to the :envvar:`PATHEXT` "
"variable when extensions are registered, allowing users to run a python "
"script at the windows command prompt by just typing its name without the ``."
"py`` extension.  (Contributed by Paul Moore in :issue:`18569`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1961
msgid ""
"A new ``make`` target `coverage-report <https://devguide.python.org/coverage/"
"#measuring-coverage-of-c-code-with-gcov-and-lcov>`_ will build python, run "
"the test suite, and generate an HTML coverage report for the C codebase "
"using ``gcov`` and `lcov <https://github.com/linux-test-project/lcov>`_."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1967
msgid ""
"The ``-R`` option to the :ref:`python regression test suite <regrtest>` now "
"also checks for memory allocation leaks, using :func:`sys."
"getallocatedblocks`.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`13390`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1972
msgid "``python -m`` now works with namespace packages."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1974
msgid ""
"The :mod:`stat` module is now implemented in C, which means it gets the "
"values for its constants from the C header files, instead of having the "
"values hard-coded in the python module as was previously the case."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1978
msgid ""
"Loading multiple python modules from a single OS module (``.so``, ``.dll``) "
"now works correctly (previously it silently returned the first python module "
"in the file).  (Contributed by Václav Šmilauer in :issue:`16421`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1982
msgid ""
"A new opcode, :opcode:`!LOAD_CLASSDEREF`, has been added to fix a bug in the "
"loading of free variables in class bodies that could be triggered by certain "
"uses of :ref:`__prepare__ <prepare>`.  (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in :"
"issue:`17853`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1987
msgid ""
"A number of MemoryError-related crashes were identified and fixed by Victor "
"Stinner using his :pep:`445`-based ``pyfailmalloc`` tool (:issue:`18408`, :"
"issue:`18520`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1991
msgid ""
"The ``pyvenv`` command now accepts a ``--copies`` option to use copies "
"rather than symlinks even on systems where symlinks are the default.  "
"(Contributed by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`18807`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1995
msgid ""
"The ``pyvenv`` command also accepts a ``--without-pip`` option to suppress "
"the otherwise-automatic bootstrapping of pip into the virtual environment.  "
"(Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`19552` as part of the :pep:`453` "
"implementation.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2000
msgid ""
"The encoding name is now optional in the value set for the :envvar:"
"`PYTHONIOENCODING` environment variable.  This makes it possible to set just "
"the error handler, without changing the default encoding. (Contributed by "
"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`18818`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2005
msgid ""
"The :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`lzma`, and :mod:`gzip` module ``open`` functions now "
"support ``x`` (exclusive creation) mode.  (Contributed by Tim Heaney and "
"Vajrasky Kok in :issue:`19201`, :issue:`19222`, and :issue:`19223`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2011
msgid "Significant Optimizations"
msgstr "顯著最佳化"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2013
msgid ""
"The UTF-32 decoder is now 3x to 4x faster.  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka "
"in :issue:`14625`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2016
msgid ""
"The cost of hash collisions for sets is now reduced.  Each hash table probe "
"now checks a series of consecutive, adjacent key/hash pairs before "
"continuing to make random probes through the hash table.  This exploits "
"cache locality to make collision resolution less expensive. The collision "
"resolution scheme can be described as a hybrid of linear probing and open "
"addressing.  The number of additional linear probes defaults to nine.  This "
"can be changed at compile-time by defining LINEAR_PROBES to be any value.  "
"Set LINEAR_PROBES=0 to turn-off linear probing entirely.  (Contributed by "
"Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`18771`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2027
msgid ""
"The interpreter starts about 30% faster. A couple of measures lead to the "
"speedup. The interpreter loads fewer modules on startup, e.g. the :mod:"
"`re`, :mod:`collections` and :mod:`locale` modules and their dependencies "
"are no longer imported by default. The marshal module has been improved to "
"load compiled Python code faster.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, Christian "
"Heimes and Victor Stinner in :issue:`19219`, :issue:`19218`, :issue:"
"`19209`, :issue:`19205` and :issue:`9548`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2035
msgid ""
":class:`bz2.BZ2File` is now as fast or faster than the Python2 version for "
"most cases.  :class:`lzma.LZMAFile` has also been optimized.  (Contributed "
"by Serhiy Storchaka and Nadeem Vawda in :issue:`16034`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2039
msgid ""
":func:`random.getrandbits` is 20%-40% faster for small integers (the most "
"common use case).  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`16674`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2042
msgid ""
"By taking advantage of the new storage format for strings, pickling of "
"strings is now significantly faster.  (Contributed by Victor Stinner and "
"Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`15596`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2046
msgid ""
"A performance issue in :meth:`io.FileIO.readall` has been solved.  This "
"particularly affects Windows, and significantly speeds up the case of piping "
"significant amounts of data through :mod:`subprocess`.  (Contributed by "
"Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`15758`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2051
msgid ""
":func:`html.escape` is now 10x faster.  (Contributed by Matt Bryant in :"
"issue:`18020`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2054
msgid ""
"On Windows, the native ``VirtualAlloc`` is now used instead of the CRT "
"``malloc`` in ``obmalloc``.  Artificial benchmarks show about a 3% memory "
"savings."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2058
msgid ""
":func:`os.urandom` now uses a lazily opened persistent file descriptor so as "
"to avoid using many file descriptors when run in parallel from multiple "
"threads.  (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`18756`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2066
msgid "Deprecated"
msgstr "已棄用"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2068
msgid ""
"This section covers various APIs and other features that have been "
"deprecated in Python 3.4, and will be removed in Python 3.5 or later.  In "
"most (but not all) cases, using the deprecated APIs will produce a :exc:"
"`DeprecationWarning` when the interpreter is run with deprecation warnings "
"enabled (for example, by using ``-Wd``)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2076
msgid "Deprecations in the Python API"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2078
msgid ""
"As mentioned in :ref:`whatsnew-pep-451`, a number of :mod:`importlib` "
"methods and functions are deprecated: :meth:`!importlib.find_loader` is "
"replaced by :func:`importlib.util.find_spec`; :meth:`!importlib.machinery."
"PathFinder.find_module` is replaced by :meth:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder."
"find_spec`; :meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module` is replaced "
"by :meth:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec`; :meth:`!importlib.abc."
"PathEntryFinder.find_loader` and :meth:`!find_module` are replaced by :meth:"
"`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec`; all of the :samp:`{xxx}Loader` "
"ABC ``load_module`` methods (:meth:`!importlib.abc.Loader.load_module`, :"
"meth:`!importlib.abc.InspectLoader.load_module`, :meth:`!importlib.abc."
"FileLoader.load_module`, :meth:`!importlib.abc.SourceLoader.load_module`) "
"should no longer be implemented, instead loaders should implement an "
"``exec_module`` method (:meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`, :meth:"
"`importlib.abc.InspectLoader.exec_module` :meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader."
"exec_module`) and let the import system take care of the rest; and :meth:`!"
"importlib.abc.Loader.module_repr`, :meth:`!importlib.util."
"module_for_loader`, :meth:`!importlib.util.set_loader`, and :meth:`!"
"importlib.util.set_package` are no longer needed because their functions are "
"now handled automatically by the import system."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2103
msgid ""
"The :mod:`!imp` module is pending deprecation. To keep compatibility with "
"Python 2/3 code bases, the module's removal is currently not scheduled."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2106
msgid ""
"The :mod:`formatter` module is pending deprecation and is slated for removal "
"in Python 3.6."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2109
msgid ""
"``MD5`` as the default *digestmod* for the :func:`hmac.new` function is "
"deprecated.  Python 3.6 will require an explicit digest name or constructor "
"as *digestmod* argument."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2113
msgid ""
"The internal ``Netrc`` class in the :mod:`ftplib` module has been documented "
"as deprecated in its docstring for quite some time.  It now emits a :exc:"
"`DeprecationWarning` and will be removed completely in Python 3.5."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2117
msgid ""
"The undocumented *endtime* argument to :meth:`subprocess.Popen.wait` should "
"not have been exposed and is hopefully not in use; it is deprecated and will "
"mostly likely be removed in Python 3.5."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2121
msgid ""
"The *strict* argument of :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` is deprecated."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2123
msgid ""
"The :mod:`plistlib` :func:`~plistlib.readPlist`, :func:`~plistlib."
"writePlist`, :func:`~plistlib.readPlistFromBytes`, and :func:`~plistlib."
"writePlistToBytes` functions are deprecated in favor of the corresponding "
"new functions :func:`~plistlib.load`, :func:`~plistlib.dump`, :func:"
"`~plistlib.loads`, and :func:`~plistlib.dumps`.  :func:`~plistlib.Data` is "
"deprecated in favor of just using the :class:`bytes` constructor."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2130
msgid ""
"The :mod:`sysconfig` key ``SO`` is deprecated, it has been replaced by "
"``EXT_SUFFIX``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2133
msgid ""
"The ``U`` mode accepted by various ``open`` functions is deprecated. In "
"Python3 it does not do anything useful, and should be replaced by "
"appropriate uses of :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` (if needed) and its *newline* "
"argument."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2138
msgid ""
"The *parser* argument of :func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse` has been "
"deprecated, as has the *html* argument of :func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree."
"XMLParser`.  To prepare for the removal of the latter, all arguments to "
"``XMLParser`` should be passed by keyword."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2145
msgid "Deprecated Features"
msgstr "已棄用功能"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2147
msgid ""
"Running :ref:`idle` with the ``-n`` flag (no subprocess) is deprecated. "
"However, the feature will not be removed until :issue:`18823` is resolved."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2150
msgid ""
"The site module adding a \"site-python\" directory to sys.path, if it "
"exists, is deprecated (:issue:`19375`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2156
msgid "Removed"
msgstr "已移除"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2160
msgid "Operating Systems No Longer Supported"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2162
msgid ""
"Support for the following operating systems has been removed from the source "
"and build tools:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2165
msgid "OS/2 (:issue:`16135`)."
msgstr "OS/2 (:issue:`16135`)。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2166
msgid "Windows 2000 (changeset e52df05b496a)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2167
msgid ""
"Windows systems where ``COMSPEC`` points to ``command.com`` (:issue:`14470`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2168
msgid "VMS (:issue:`16136`)."
msgstr "VMS (:issue:`16136`)。"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2172
msgid "API and Feature Removals"
msgstr "API 與功能的移除"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2174
msgid ""
"The following obsolete and previously deprecated APIs and features have been "
"removed:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2177
msgid ""
"The unmaintained ``Misc/TextMate`` and ``Misc/vim`` directories have been "
"removed (see the `devguide <https://devguide.python.org>`_ for suggestions "
"on what to use instead)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2181
msgid ""
"The ``SO`` makefile macro is removed (it was replaced by the "
"``SHLIB_SUFFIX`` and ``EXT_SUFFIX`` macros) (:issue:`16754`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2184
msgid ""
"The ``PyThreadState.tick_counter`` field has been removed; its value has "
"been meaningless since Python 3.2, when the \"new GIL\" was introduced (:"
"issue:`19199`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2188
msgid ""
"``PyLoader`` and ``PyPycLoader`` have been removed from :mod:`importlib`. "
"(Contributed by Taras Lyapun in :issue:`15641`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2191
msgid ""
"The *strict* argument to :class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` and :class:"
"`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` has been removed.  HTTP 0.9-style \"Simple "
"Responses\" are no longer supported."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2195
msgid ""
"The deprecated :mod:`urllib.request.Request` getter and setter methods "
"``add_data``, ``has_data``, ``get_data``, ``get_type``, ``get_host``, "
"``get_selector``, ``set_proxy``, ``get_origin_req_host``, and "
"``is_unverifiable`` have been removed (use direct attribute access instead)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2200
msgid ""
"Support for loading the deprecated ``TYPE_INT64`` has been removed from :mod:"
"`marshal`.  (Contributed by Dan Riti in :issue:`15480`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2203
msgid ""
":class:`inspect.Signature`: positional-only parameters are now required to "
"have a valid name."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2206
msgid ""
":meth:`object.__format__` no longer accepts non-empty format strings, it now "
"raises a :exc:`TypeError` instead.  Using a non-empty string has been "
"deprecated since Python 3.2.  This change has been made to prevent a "
"situation where previously working (but incorrect) code would start failing "
"if an object gained a __format__ method, which means that your code may now "
"raise a :exc:`TypeError` if you are using an ``'s'`` format code with "
"objects that do not have a __format__ method that handles it.  See :issue:"
"`7994` for background."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2215
msgid ""
":meth:`difflib.SequenceMatcher.isbjunk` and :meth:`difflib.SequenceMatcher."
"isbpopular` were deprecated in 3.2, and have now been removed: use ``x in sm."
"bjunk`` and ``x in sm.bpopular``, where *sm* is a :class:`~difflib."
"SequenceMatcher` object (:issue:`13248`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2223
msgid "Code Cleanups"
msgstr "程式碼的清除"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2225
msgid ""
"The unused and undocumented internal ``Scanner`` class has been removed from "
"the :mod:`pydoc` module."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2228
msgid ""
"The private and effectively unused ``_gestalt`` module has been removed, "
"along with the private :mod:`platform` functions ``_mac_ver_lookup``, "
"``_mac_ver_gstalt``, and ``_bcd2str``, which would only have ever been "
"called on badly broken OSX systems (see :issue:`18393`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2233
msgid ""
"The hardcoded copies of certain :mod:`stat` constants that were included in "
"the :mod:`tarfile` module namespace have been removed."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2239
msgid "Porting to Python 3.4"
msgstr "移植至 Python 3.4"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2241
msgid ""
"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may "
"require changes to your code."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2246
msgid "Changes in 'python' Command Behavior"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2248
msgid ""
"In a posix shell, setting the :envvar:`PATH` environment variable to an "
"empty value is equivalent to not setting it at all.  However, setting :"
"envvar:`PYTHONPATH` to an empty value was *not* equivalent to not setting it "
"at all: setting :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` to an empty value was equivalent to "
"setting it to ``.``, which leads to confusion when reasoning by analogy to "
"how :envvar:`PATH` works.  The behavior now conforms to the posix convention "
"for :envvar:`PATH`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2256
msgid ""
"The [X refs, Y blocks] output of a debug (``--with-pydebug``) build of the "
"CPython interpreter is now off by default.  It can be re-enabled using the "
"``-X showrefcount`` option.  (Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`17323`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2260
msgid ""
"The python command and most stdlib scripts (as well as :mod:`argparse`) now "
"output ``--version`` information to ``stdout`` instead of ``stderr`` (for "
"issue list see :ref:`other-improvements-3.4` above)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2266
msgid "Changes in the Python API"
msgstr "Python API 的變更"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2268
msgid ""
"The ABCs defined in :mod:`importlib.abc` now either raise the appropriate "
"exception or return a default value instead of raising :exc:"
"`NotImplementedError` blindly. This will only affect code calling :func:"
"`super` and falling through all the way to the ABCs. For compatibility, "
"catch both :exc:`NotImplementedError` or the appropriate exception as needed."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2274
msgid ""
"The module type now initializes the :attr:`~module.__package__` and :attr:"
"`~module.__loader__` attributes to ``None`` by default. To determine if "
"these attributes were set in a backwards-compatible fashion, use e.g. "
"``getattr(module, '__loader__', None) is not None``.  (:issue:`17115`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2280
msgid ""
":meth:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader` now sets ``__loader__`` and "
"``__package__`` unconditionally to properly support reloading. If this is "
"not desired then you will need to set these attributes manually. You can "
"use :func:`importlib.util.module_to_load` for module management."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2285
msgid ""
"Import now resets relevant attributes (e.g. ``__name__``, ``__loader__``, "
"``__package__``, ``__file__``, ``__cached__``) unconditionally when "
"reloading. Note that this restores a pre-3.3 behavior in that it means a "
"module is re-found when re-loaded (:issue:`19413`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2290
msgid ""
"Frozen packages no longer set ``__path__`` to a list containing the package "
"name, they now set it to an empty list.  The previous behavior could cause "
"the import system to do the wrong thing on submodule imports if there was "
"also a directory with the same name as the frozen package.  The correct way "
"to determine if a module is a package or not is to use ``hasattr(module, "
"'__path__')`` (:issue:`18065`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2297
msgid ""
"Frozen modules no longer define a ``__file__`` attribute. It's semantically "
"incorrect for frozen modules to set the attribute as they are not loaded "
"from any explicit location. If you must know that a module comes from frozen "
"code then you can see if the module's ``__spec__.location`` is set to "
"``'frozen'``, check if the loader is a subclass of :class:`importlib."
"machinery.FrozenImporter`, or if Python 2 compatibility is necessary you can "
"use :func:`!imp.is_frozen`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2305
msgid ""
":func:`py_compile.compile` now raises :exc:`FileExistsError` if the file "
"path it would write to is a symlink or a non-regular file. This is to act as "
"a warning that import will overwrite those files with a regular file "
"regardless of what type of file path they were originally."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2310
msgid ""
":meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader.get_source` no longer raises :exc:"
"`ImportError` when the source code being loaded triggers a :exc:"
"`SyntaxError` or :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`. As :exc:`ImportError` is meant "
"to be raised only when source code cannot be found but it should, it was "
"felt to be over-reaching/overloading of that meaning when the source code is "
"found but improperly structured. If you were catching ImportError before and "
"wish to continue to ignore syntax or decoding issues, catch all three "
"exceptions now."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2319
msgid ""
":func:`functools.update_wrapper` and :func:`functools.wraps` now correctly "
"set the ``__wrapped__`` attribute to the function being wrapped, even if "
"that function also had its ``__wrapped__`` attribute set. This means "
"``__wrapped__`` attributes now correctly link a stack of decorated functions "
"rather than every ``__wrapped__`` attribute in the chain referring to the "
"innermost function. Introspection libraries that assumed the previous "
"behaviour was intentional can use :func:`inspect.unwrap` to access the first "
"function in the chain that has no ``__wrapped__`` attribute."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2329
msgid ""
":func:`inspect.getfullargspec` has been reimplemented on top of :func:"
"`inspect.signature` and hence handles a much wider variety of callable "
"objects than it did in the past. It is expected that additional builtin and "
"extension module callables will gain signature metadata over the course of "
"the Python 3.4 series. Code that assumes that :func:`inspect.getfullargspec` "
"will fail on non-Python callables may need to be adjusted accordingly."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2337
msgid ""
":class:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder` now passes on the current working "
"directory to objects in :data:`sys.path_hooks` for the empty string. This "
"results in :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` never containing ``''``, thus "
"iterating through :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` based on :data:`sys.path` "
"will not find all keys. A module's ``__file__`` when imported in the current "
"working directory will also now have an absolute path, including when using "
"``-m`` with the interpreter (except for ``__main__.__file__`` when a script "
"has been executed directly using a relative path) (Contributed by Brett "
"Cannon in :issue:`18416`).  is specified on the command-line) (:issue:"
"`18416`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2348
msgid ""
"The removal of the *strict* argument to :class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` "
"and :class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` changes the meaning of the "
"remaining arguments if you are specifying them positionally rather than by "
"keyword.  If you've been paying attention to deprecation warnings your code "
"should already be specifying any additional arguments via keywords."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2354
msgid ""
"Strings between ``from __future__ import ...`` statements now *always* raise "
"a :exc:`SyntaxError`.  Previously if there was no leading docstring, an "
"interstitial string would sometimes be ignored.  This brings CPython into "
"compliance with the language spec; Jython and PyPy already were. (:issue:"
"`17434`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2360
msgid ""
":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert` and :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.do_handshake` now "
"raise an :exc:`OSError` with ``ENOTCONN`` when the ``SSLSocket`` is not "
"connected, instead of the previous behavior of raising an :exc:"
"`AttributeError`.  In addition, :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert` will "
"raise a :exc:`ValueError` if the handshake has not yet been done."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2366
msgid ""
":func:`base64.b32decode` now raises a :exc:`binascii.Error` when the input "
"string contains non-b32-alphabet characters, instead of a :exc:`TypeError`.  "
"This particular :exc:`TypeError` was missed when the other :exc:"
"`TypeError`\\ s were converted.  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:"
"`18011`.)  Note: this change was also inadvertently applied in Python 3.3.3."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2373
msgid ""
"The :attr:`!file` attribute is now automatically closed when the creating :"
"class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` instance is garbage collected. If you were pulling "
"the file object out separately from the :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` instance "
"and not keeping the instance alive, then you should either store the entire :"
"class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` instance or read the contents of the file before "
"the :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` instance is garbage collected."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2380
msgid ""
"Calling ``read`` or ``write`` on a closed SSL socket now raises an "
"informative :exc:`ValueError` rather than the previous more mysterious :exc:"
"`AttributeError` (:issue:`9177`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2384
msgid ""
":meth:`slice.indices` no longer produces an :exc:`OverflowError` for huge "
"values.  As a consequence of this fix, :meth:`slice.indices` now raises a :"
"exc:`ValueError` if given a negative length; previously it returned nonsense "
"values (:issue:`14794`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2389
msgid ""
"The :class:`complex` constructor, unlike the :mod:`cmath` functions, was "
"incorrectly accepting :class:`float` values if an object's ``__complex__`` "
"special method returned one.  This now raises a :exc:`TypeError`. (:issue:"
"`16290`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2394
msgid ""
"The :class:`int` constructor in 3.2 and 3.3 erroneously accepts :class:"
"`float` values for the *base* parameter.  It is unlikely anyone was doing "
"this, but if so, it will now raise a :exc:`TypeError` (:issue:`16772`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2398
msgid ""
"Defaults for keyword-only arguments are now evaluated *after* defaults for "
"regular keyword arguments, instead of before.  Hopefully no one wrote any "
"code that depends on the previous buggy behavior (:issue:`16967`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2402
msgid ""
"Stale thread states are now cleared after :func:`~os.fork`.  This may cause "
"some system resources to be released that previously were incorrectly kept "
"perpetually alive (for example, database connections kept in thread-local "
"storage).  (:issue:`17094`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2407
msgid ""
"Parameter names in ``__annotations__`` dicts are now mangled properly, "
"similarly to :attr:`~function.__kwdefaults__`. (Contributed by Yury "
"Selivanov in :issue:`20625`.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2411
msgid ""
":attr:`hashlib.hash.name` now always returns the identifier in lower case. "
"Previously some builtin hashes had uppercase names, but now that it is a "
"formal public interface the naming has been made consistent (:issue:`18532`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2415
msgid ""
"Because :mod:`unittest.TestSuite` now drops references to tests after they "
"are run, test harnesses that reuse a :class:`~unittest.TestSuite` to re-run "
"a set of tests may fail.   Test suites should not be re-used in this fashion "
"since it means state is retained between test runs, breaking the test "
"isolation that :mod:`unittest` is designed to provide.  However, if the lack "
"of isolation is considered acceptable, the old behavior can be restored by "
"creating a :mod:`~unittest.TestSuite` subclass that defines a "
"``_removeTestAtIndex`` method that does nothing (see :meth:`.TestSuite."
"__iter__`) (:issue:`11798`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2425
msgid ""
":mod:`unittest` now uses :mod:`argparse` for command line parsing.  There "
"are certain invalid command forms that used to work that are no longer "
"allowed; in theory this should not cause backward compatibility issues since "
"the disallowed command forms didn't make any sense and are unlikely to be in "
"use."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2430
msgid ""
"The :func:`re.split`, :func:`re.findall`, and :func:`re.sub` functions, and "
"the :meth:`~re.match.group` and :meth:`~re.match.groups` methods of "
"``match`` objects now always return a *bytes* object when the string to be "
"matched is a :term:`bytes-like object`.  Previously the return type matched "
"the input type, so if your code was depending on the return value being, "
"say, a ``bytearray``, you will need to change your code."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2437
msgid ""
":mod:`!audioop` functions now raise an error immediately if passed string "
"input, instead of failing randomly later on (:issue:`16685`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2440
msgid ""
"The new *convert_charrefs* argument to :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` "
"currently defaults to ``False`` for backward compatibility, but will "
"eventually be changed to default to ``True``.  It is recommended that you "
"add this keyword, with the appropriate value, to any :class:`~html.parser."
"HTMLParser` calls in your code (:issue:`13633`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2446
msgid ""
"Since the *digestmod* argument to the :func:`hmac.new` function will in the "
"future have no default, all calls to :func:`hmac.new` should be changed to "
"explicitly specify a *digestmod* (:issue:`17276`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2450
msgid ""
"Calling :func:`sysconfig.get_config_var` with the ``SO`` key, or looking "
"``SO`` up in the results of a call to :func:`sysconfig.get_config_vars` is "
"deprecated.  This key should be replaced by ``EXT_SUFFIX`` or "
"``SHLIB_SUFFIX``, depending on the context (:issue:`19555`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2455
msgid ""
"Any calls to ``open`` functions that specify ``U`` should be modified. ``U`` "
"is ineffective in Python3 and will eventually raise an error if used. "
"Depending on the function, the equivalent of its old Python2 behavior can be "
"achieved using either a *newline* argument, or if necessary by wrapping the "
"stream in :mod:`~io.TextIOWrapper` to use its *newline* argument (:issue:"
"`15204`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2462
msgid ""
"If you use ``pyvenv`` in a script and desire that pip *not* be installed, "
"you must add ``--without-pip`` to your command invocation."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2466
msgid ""
"The default behavior of :func:`json.dump` and :func:`json.dumps` when an "
"indent is specified has changed: it no longer produces trailing spaces after "
"the item separating commas at the ends of lines.  This will matter only if "
"you have tests that are doing white-space-sensitive comparisons of such "
"output (:issue:`16333`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2472
msgid ""
":mod:`doctest` now looks for doctests in extension module ``__doc__`` "
"strings, so if your doctest test discovery includes extension modules that "
"have things that look like doctests in them you may see test failures you've "
"never seen before when running your tests (:issue:`3158`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2477
msgid ""
"The :mod:`collections.abc` module has been slightly refactored as part of "
"the Python startup improvements.  As a consequence of this, it is no longer "
"the case that importing :mod:`collections` automatically imports :mod:"
"`collections.abc`.  If your program depended on the (undocumented) implicit "
"import, you will need to add an explicit ``import collections.abc`` (:issue:"
"`20784`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2486
msgid "Changes in the C API"
msgstr "C API 中的改動"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2488
msgid ""
":c:func:`PyEval_EvalFrameEx`, :c:func:`PyObject_Repr`, and :c:func:"
"`PyObject_Str`, along with some other internal C APIs, now include a "
"debugging assertion that ensures they are not used in situations where they "
"may silently discard a currently active exception. In cases where discarding "
"the active exception is expected and desired (for example, because it has "
"already been saved locally with :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` or is being "
"deliberately replaced with a different exception), an explicit :c:func:"
"`PyErr_Clear` call will be needed to avoid triggering the assertion when "
"invoking these operations (directly or indirectly) and running against a "
"version of Python that is compiled with assertions enabled."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2500
msgid ""
":c:func:`PyErr_SetImportError` now sets :exc:`TypeError` when its **msg** "
"argument is not set. Previously only ``NULL`` was returned with no exception "
"set."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2504
msgid ""
"The result of the :c:data:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` callback must now "
"be a string allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` or :c:func:"
"`PyMem_RawRealloc`, or ``NULL`` if an error occurred, instead of a string "
"allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` or :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` (:issue:"
"`16742`)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2510
msgid ""
":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value` now always set the value. In Python 3.3, "
"the function did nothing if the key already exists (if the current value is "
"a non-``NULL`` pointer)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2514
msgid ""
"The ``f_tstate`` (thread state) field of the :c:type:`PyFrameObject` "
"structure has been removed to fix a bug: see :issue:`14432` for the "
"rationale."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2519
msgid "Changed in 3.4.3"
msgstr "3.4.3 中的變更"

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2524
msgid ""
"PEP 476: Enabling certificate verification by default for stdlib http clients"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2526
msgid ""
":mod:`http.client` and modules which use it, such as :mod:`urllib.request` "
"and :mod:`xmlrpc.client`, will now verify that the server presents a "
"certificate which is signed by a CA in the platform trust store and whose "
"hostname matches the hostname being requested by default, significantly "
"improving security for many applications."
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2532
msgid ""
"For applications which require the old previous behavior, they can pass an "
"alternate context::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2535
msgid ""
"import urllib.request\n"
"import ssl\n"
"\n"
"# This disables all verification\n"
"context = ssl._create_unverified_context()\n"
"\n"
"# This allows using a specific certificate for the host, which doesn't need\n"
"# to be in the trust store\n"
"context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=\"/path/to/file.crt\")\n"
"\n"
"urllib.request.urlopen(\"https://invalid-cert\", context=context)"
msgstr ""