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attention.mm
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<map version="0.9.0">
<!-- To view this file, download free mind mapping software FreeMind from http://freemind.sourceforge.net -->
<node CREATED="1399044034542" ID="ID_1383451054" MODIFIED="1399044036964" TEXT="attention">
<node CREATED="1401280698756" ID="ID_1537512415" MODIFIED="1401282084759" POSITION="right" TEXT="introduction">
<node CREATED="1399044037695" ID="ID_905684792" MODIFIED="1401282307162" TEXT="have model">
<node CREATED="1401282122746" ID="ID_1449085701" MODIFIED="1401282144237" TEXT="learns MSI by a SOM-like process">
<node CREATED="1401282144913" ID="ID_168116442" MODIFIED="1401282167116" TEXT="neurons learn to compute (approximately) the probability of a stimulus being in their receptive field given input"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401282269359" ID="ID_148465732" MODIFIED="1401282272906" TEXT="exhibits">
<node CREATED="1401282273471" ID="ID_1174931725" MODIFIED="1401282286634" TEXT="spatial principle"/>
<node CREATED="1401282286847" ID="ID_1495267684" MODIFIED="1401282291450" TEXT="inverse effectiveness"/>
<node CREATED="1401282292070" ID="ID_1105782577" MODIFIED="1401282297204" TEXT="optimal integration"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399044091260" ID="ID_173008431" MODIFIED="1401282095508" TEXT="purely reactive, stateless"/>
<node CREATED="1399045257111" ID="ID_1598379938" MODIFIED="1399045281165" TEXT="MSI and behavior depend on attentional and motivational state">
<node CREATED="1399044097356" ID="ID_1514799719" MODIFIED="1399048377763" TEXT="MSI isn't stateless">
<node CREATED="1399044101484" ID="ID_666675289" MODIFIED="1399048445658" TEXT="behavior is not stateless">
<node CREATED="1399046965423" ID="ID_858613161" MODIFIED="1399046987669" TEXT="trivial: presented with the same stimuli, we do not behave the same every time."/>
<node CREATED="1399044344680" ID="ID_1099633175" MODIFIED="1399044466236" TEXT="depending on spatial attention, one stimulus is given preference"/>
<node CREATED="1399044307400" ID="ID_1920735217" MODIFIED="1399048520696" STYLE="fork" TEXT="depending on belief about stimulus, one modality can be given preference"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399047031878" ID="ID_162986293" MODIFIED="1399047034996" TEXT="neurophysiology">
<node CREATED="1399048522650" ID="ID_1182568946" MODIFIED="1399048546457" TEXT="spatial attention enhances activity in neurons with corresponding RF"/>
<node CREATED="1399048522650" ID="ID_1846450623" MODIFIED="1399048585840" TEXT="feature-based attention enhances activity in neurons with corresponding feature selectivity"/>
</node>
</node>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401281792312" ID="ID_243115148" MODIFIED="1401281802219" TEXT="cortical input to SC">
<node CREATED="1401281923078" ID="ID_782614297" MODIFIED="1401281934017" TEXT="Modeled by Anastasio and Patton">
<node CREATED="1401281934565" ID="ID_542327376" MODIFIED="1401281940849" TEXT="anastasio and patton 2003"/>
<node CREATED="1401281941509" ID="ID_653964206" MODIFIED="1401281953607" TEXT="but without actual MSI"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401282381613" ID="ID_1624489628" MODIFIED="1401282388367" TEXT="Modeled by Cuppini et al.">
<node CREATED="1401282388885" ID="ID_1538449979" MODIFIED="1401282395327" TEXT="cuppini-et-al-2012"/>
<node CREATED="1401282401324" ID="ID_332447150" MODIFIED="1401282407888" TEXT="only spatial?"/>
<node CREATED="1401282414868" ID="ID_1804715288" MODIFIED="1401282461110" TEXT="no evaluation of effects on">
<node CREATED="1401282463579" ID="ID_1801264848" MODIFIED="1401282475239" TEXT="stimulus selectivity"/>
<node CREATED="1401282475459" ID="ID_936733387" MODIFIED="1401282479696" TEXT="spatial organization"/>
<node CREATED="1401282461811" ID="ID_1923374571" MODIFIED="1401282462694" TEXT="decisions"/>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401282520874" ID="ID_1030416176" MODIFIED="1401282524411" TEXT="no interpretation"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401280702717" ID="ID_1632730038" MODIFIED="1401280715551" TEXT="multisensory integration and attention are connected"/>
<node CREATED="1401280916080" ID="ID_1489538448" MODIFIED="1401280922525" TEXT="behavioral">
<node CREATED="1401280716196" ID="ID_967642758" MODIFIED="1401280913207" TEXT="attention is focusing on a single object"/>
<node CREATED="1401280937272" ID="ID_1525255484" MODIFIED="1401280941715" TEXT="attention facilitates processing">
<node CREATED="1401281144700" ID="ID_1952805054" MODIFIED="1401281152399" TEXT="canaugh-et-al-2006"/>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401280922760" ID="ID_206545717" MODIFIED="1401280929764" TEXT="neurophys,">
<node CREATED="1401280943064" ID="ID_1418838957" MODIFIED="1401280949602" TEXT="attention enhances activity"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401280962527" ID="ID_1853884098" MODIFIED="1401280970618" TEXT="saccades are closely related to attention">
<node CREATED="1401280971607" ID="ID_1519122399" MODIFIED="1401281005162" TEXT="they direct a limited resource (retinal space) towards a stimulus to be processed"/>
<node CREATED="1401281005406" ID="ID_126998598" MODIFIED="1401281009690" TEXT="they're very closely linked">
<node CREATED="1401281140748" ID="ID_1336016275" MODIFIED="1401281316338" TEXT="especially in SC">
<node CREATED="1401281278602" ID="ID_1551112573" MODIFIED="1401281314057" TEXT="Activation build-up in build-up neurons is modulated by spatial attention.">
<node CREATED="1401281283930" ID="ID_299348309" MODIFIED="1401281291433" TEXT="kustov-and-robinson-2006"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401281316321" ID="ID_1061851045" MODIFIED="1401281332450" TEXT="stimulating supposed motor neurons in the SC facilitates visual processing in the part of V1 whose receptive field is the same as that of the SC stimulated neurons.">
<node CREATED="1401281187747" ID="ID_815794487" MODIFIED="1401281195459" TEXT="mueller-et-al-2005"/>
<node CREATED="1401281144700" ID="ID_1767346626" MODIFIED="1401281152399" TEXT="canaugh-et-al-2006"/>
<node CREATED="1401281165868" ID="ID_1985754271" MODIFIED="1401281167007" TEXT="born-et-al-2012"/>
</node>
</node>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401281010478" ID="ID_1180307563" MODIFIED="1401281033745" TEXT="How does this directing happen"/>
<node CREATED="1401281350480" ID="ID_1650276018" MODIFIED="1401281360897" TEXT="How is it learned?">
<node CREATED="1401281629747" ID="ID_1362018997" MODIFIED="1401281638246" TEXT="weber and triesch use reinforcement learning">
<node CREATED="1401281679906" ID="ID_293872716" MODIFIED="1401281686547" TEXT="weber and triesch 2009b"/>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1401281720761" ID="ID_1471425093" MODIFIED="1401281727251" TEXT="We take a very general stance here">
<node CREATED="1401281727833" ID="ID_1688347771" MODIFIED="1401282051135" TEXT="we explore the possibility that the effects of attention in SC are emergent---they are not due to special wiring but instead to its relationship with sensory signals."/>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399044042973" ID="ID_37392808" MODIFIED="1399045085224" POSITION="right" TEXT="here, we investigate the consequences of modeling attention as a kind of input"/>
<node CREATED="1399049149791" ID="ID_793875591" MODIFIED="1400760629005" POSITION="right" TEXT="experiment">
<node CREATED="1399549189671" ID="ID_1927208976" MODIFIED="1399549196057" TEXT="base scenario">
<node CREATED="1399549196935" ID="ID_1787018610" MODIFIED="1399549200073" TEXT="low-level input"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399548923975" ID="ID_501160679" MODIFIED="1399548946822" TEXT="Traditionally, attention is separated into two kinds">
<node CREATED="1399548947732" ID="ID_1074888337" MODIFIED="1399548950815" TEXT="spatial attention"/>
<node CREATED="1399548951036" ID="ID_849089185" MODIFIED="1399548959465" TEXT="object attention">
<node CREATED="1399548960076" ID="ID_801653633" MODIFIED="1399549070791" TEXT="object attention facilitates processing of features associated with a certain object or class of objects">
<node CREATED="1399549089481" ID="ID_895047813" MODIFIED="1399549091645" TEXT="color"/>
<node CREATED="1399549091889" ID="ID_807834368" MODIFIED="1399549093643" TEXT="shape"/>
<node CREATED="1399549094441" ID="ID_1019211707" MODIFIED="1399549095603" TEXT="size"/>
<node CREATED="1399549096001" ID="ID_892743326" MODIFIED="1399549102455" TEXT="we simplify:">
<node CREATED="1399549102985" ID="ID_1395940479" MODIFIED="1399549128337" TEXT="attention on whether visual or auditory"/>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399549131688" ID="ID_452675590" MODIFIED="1399549139281" TEXT="therefore feature-related input">
<node CREATED="1399549140184" ID="ID_817953103" MODIFIED="1399549150242" TEXT="three bits for three classes of stimuli">
<node CREATED="1399549150960" ID="ID_1498554968" MODIFIED="1399549160905" TEXT="highly visible"/>
<node CREATED="1399549161136" ID="ID_1802265927" MODIFIED="1399549163674" TEXT="highly audible"/>
<node CREATED="1399549163904" ID="ID_1019702814" MODIFIED="1399549170553" TEXT="highly salient in both modality"/>
</node>
</node>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1400760628979" ID="ID_1810509510" MODIFIED="1400760631091" TEXT="training">
<node CREATED="1399049152926" ID="ID_928852542" MODIFIED="1399049169229" TEXT="have three input populations">
<node CREATED="1399049169822" ID="ID_1921034685" MODIFIED="1399049172429" TEXT="visual"/>
<node CREATED="1399049172670" ID="ID_1476850136" MODIFIED="1399049174117" TEXT="auditory"/>
<node CREATED="1399049174334" ID="ID_1627002791" MODIFIED="1399049232732" TEXT="semantic">
<node CREATED="1399049232719" ID="ID_799784943" MODIFIED="1399049248260" TEXT="object-based concepts">
<node CREATED="1399049182502" ID="ID_1924179407" MODIFIED="1399049254412" TEXT="loud"/>
<node CREATED="1399049200749" ID="ID_1175834024" MODIFIED="1399049257476" TEXT="visible"/>
<node CREATED="1399049204485" ID="ID_1209237837" MODIFIED="1399049259836" TEXT="loud-and-visible"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399049223365" ID="ID_1414003773" MODIFIED="1399049225573" TEXT="spatial concepts">
<node CREATED="1399049226149" ID="ID_834378434" MODIFIED="1399049227645" TEXT="left"/>
<node CREATED="1399049227909" ID="ID_1417402721" MODIFIED="1399049229092" TEXT="right"/>
<node CREATED="1399049229309" ID="ID_166259564" MODIFIED="1399049230500" TEXT="center"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399281412300" ID="ID_732952211" MODIFIED="1399281438392" TEXT="These are simplistic representations of activations in unspecified cortical areas">
<node CREATED="1399281438987" ID="ID_1800847653" MODIFIED="1399281557195" TEXT="The idea is that associations with `loud' or `visible' are activated whenever stimuli of certain kinds are expected, and verbal or non-verbal associations with `left', `right', and `center' are activated whenever a stimulus is expected in the respective region."/>
<node CREATED="1399281573873" ID="ID_656670863" MODIFIED="1399281600524" TEXT="Since the SC receives projections from all over the cortex, it is realistic that such representations could be available."/>
</node>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399049289068" ID="ID_1908566409" MODIFIED="1399049297852" TEXT="tuning functions">
<node CREATED="1399049298588" ID="ID_20184584" MODIFIED="1399049302196" TEXT="auditory, visual"/>
<node CREATED="1399049302411" ID="ID_813420055" MODIFIED="1399049305419" TEXT="conceptual">
<node CREATED="1399049306035" ID="ID_1665197728" MODIFIED="1399049311915" TEXT="object-based"/>
<node CREATED="1399049312163" ID="ID_886666574" MODIFIED="1399049313451" TEXT="spatial"/>
</node>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1400760631834" ID="ID_1189617516" MODIFIED="1400760738459" TEXT="Results">
<node CREATED="1400760704097" ID="ID_103282469" MODIFIED="1400760707675" TEXT="spatial enhancement"/>
<node CREATED="1400760707937" ID="ID_1033771160" MODIFIED="1400760715171" TEXT="feature-based enhancement"/>
<node CREATED="1400760715409" ID="ID_179367375" MODIFIED="1400760720699" TEXT="localization"/>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399045100914" ID="ID_856139618" MODIFIED="1399045103296" POSITION="right" TEXT="discussion">
<node CREATED="1400760433534" ID="ID_182672911" MODIFIED="1400760694631" TEXT="results">
<node CREATED="1399044884062" ID="ID_1676747332" MODIFIED="1399370807153" TEXT="neural responses">
<node CREATED="1399044896629" ID="ID_576774812" MODIFIED="1399044913860" TEXT="enhancement">
<node CREATED="1399048522650" ID="ID_1433563320" MODIFIED="1399048831469" TEXT="spatial attention enhances activity in neurons with corresponding RF"/>
<node CREATED="1399048522650" ID="ID_164142908" MODIFIED="1399048831475" TEXT="feature-based attention enhances activity in neurons with corresponding feature selectivity">
<node CREATED="1399044921125" ID="ID_283937612" MODIFIED="1399044924763" TEXT="across the field"/>
<node CREATED="1399044954260" ID="ID_1210595854" MODIFIED="1399044963843" TEXT="born et al. 2012">
<node CREATED="1399044988084" ID="ID_391817261" MODIFIED="1399044992226" TEXT="actually: references">
<node CREATED="1399045054323" ID="ID_363423803" MODIFIED="1399045060017" TEXT="andersen-et-al-2009"/>
</node>
</node>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399044196802" ID="ID_661270113" MODIFIED="1399044204064" TEXT="neuron specificity"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399044299569" ID="ID_1701942640" MODIFIED="1399478749116" TEXT="stimulus selection">
<node CREATED="1399044307400" ID="ID_1767262551" MODIFIED="1399044402941" STYLE="fork" TEXT="depending on belief about stimulus, one modality can be given preference"/>
<node CREATED="1399044344680" ID="ID_427547889" MODIFIED="1399044466236" TEXT="depending on spatial attention, one stimulus is given preference"/>
<node CREATED="1399285791720" ID="ID_1770227010" MODIFIED="1399478764043" TEXT="binding depends on distance... and class"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399478819957" ID="ID_685819278" MODIFIED="1399478822854" TEXT="mapping">
<node CREATED="1399478823405" ID="ID_1458888605" MODIFIED="1399478946301" TEXT="does spatial attention influence localization of incongruent audiovisual localization?">
<node CREATED="1399478946834" ID="ID_1271040531" MODIFIED="1399478963045" TEXT="Bertelson et al. 2000 say it doesn't in humans."/>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399048884867" ID="ID_138078147" MODIFIED="1399467278544" TEXT="Mapping differs from combined case">
<node CREATED="1399048911731" ID="ID_1436440529" MODIFIED="1399048918234" TEXT="mottled spatial selectivity">
<node CREATED="1399048921043" ID="ID_72584595" MODIFIED="1399048925178" TEXT="like in real SC"/>
</node>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1400760483559" ID="ID_811210589" MODIFIED="1400760485831" TEXT="biology">
<node CREATED="1400511994437" ID="ID_1718645881" MODIFIED="1400760799113" TEXT="necessary conditions">
<node CREATED="1400511998756" ID="ID_80016213" MODIFIED="1400512005268" TEXT="there must be noise"/>
<node CREATED="1400760929877" ID="ID_86420125" MODIFIED="1400760964463" TEXT="otherwise evidence from cognitive input is overruled by sensory input"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399044190923" ID="ID_1265013566" MODIFIED="1400760789240" TEXT="model selection">
<node CREATED="1399044238538" ID="ID_1442905349" MODIFIED="1399048959561" TEXT="stimuli aren't integrated if they are too far apart."/>
<node CREATED="1399044266105" ID="ID_1316119745" MODIFIED="1399044278095" TEXT="distance depends on belief about stimulus"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399048465659" ID="ID_233246776" MODIFIED="1400760458914" TEXT="we're treating attention and motivation the same">
<node CREATED="1399048479451" ID="ID_919129098" MODIFIED="1399049616023" TEXT="that's probably not fair, but it works.">
<node CREATED="1399048721806" ID="ID_1465785240" MODIFIED="1399048735005" TEXT="some of the motivational effects will be in action selection"/>
<node CREATED="1399048735206" ID="ID_98061607" MODIFIED="1399048751431" TEXT="but attention and action selection are very similar at the level of the SC"/>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399045104002" ID="ID_27902189" MODIFIED="1399045183991" TEXT="although we're modeling attention as a kind of input, we're not saying that's the whole picture"/>
<node CREATED="1399048764925" ID="ID_1381939422" MODIFIED="1399048770565" TEXT="no time component">
<node CREATED="1399049066064" ID="ID_1737813745" MODIFIED="1399049080639" TEXT="similarity between delayed reaction and lower responses"/>
</node>
<node CREATED="1399371904970" ID="ID_770402241" MODIFIED="1399371919555" TEXT="feature-based and spatial attention are treated the same">
<node CREATED="1399371920314" ID="ID_1098742674" MODIFIED="1399371938851" TEXT="this supports the theory that they are based on similar mechanisms">
<node CREATED="1399371939730" ID="ID_275161519" MODIFIED="1399371940548" TEXT="maunsell-and-treue-2006"/>
</node>
</node>
</node>
<node CREATED="1400760487157" ID="ID_1272538523" MODIFIED="1400760488800" TEXT="cs">
<node CREATED="1400760491341" ID="ID_1251487459" MODIFIED="1400760512991" TEXT="multi-dimensional topology embedded in 1-dimensional SOM"/>
<node CREATED="1399479498952" ID="ID_1317735569" MODIFIED="1399479507970" TEXT="relate to Kohonens `supervised SOM'"/>
</node>
</node>
</node>
</map>