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co-uring-http

co-uring-http is a high-performance HTTP server built with io_uring and C++20 coroutines. This project explores the latest advancements in C++ and the Linux kernel, making it an experimental endeavor, so it's not recommended for production use.

co-uring-http implements core server logic using coroutines for listening for incoming connections, receiving and parsing HTTP requests, and sending HTTP responses. Each coroutine that performs an I/O operation suspends, submits the request to io_uring, and returns control to an event loop. When the I/O operation completes, the event loop resumes the corresponding coroutine. To optimize io_uring performance, co-uring-http uses ring-mapped buffers to minimize heap allocations and submits multishot accept requests to reduce event creation overhead.

The project showcases modern C++ features from C++20 and C++23. (Most non-trivial C++26 features are still under development, so there's limited scope for exploration.) The codebase is built on C++ modules, including the std module. It uses std::expected for error handling instead of exceptions and adopts std::source_location for improved error diagnostics. The HTTP parser and serializer are built with std::ranges and std::format. The codebase makes extensive use of constraints and concepts in templates, such as general-purpose coroutine primitives like task and wait.

Requirement

  • Linux Kernel 6.10
  • Clang 18 with libc++
  • CMake 3.30 with Ninja 1.12
  • liburing 2.6

Build

Generate the build configuration with CMake:

cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-stdlib=libc++ -DCMAKE_-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:FILEPATH=$(which clang) -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:FILEPATH=$(which clang++) -B build -G Ninja

Build and run, which will listen on localhost:8080 and serves static files:

ninja -C build
./build/main

Performance

The benchmark was conducted using the hey benchmark tool, which sends 200 batches of requests, each batch containing 5,000 concurrent clients requesting a 1024-byte file. co-uring-http serves 81,816 requests per second and handles 95% of the requests within 0.1 seconds.

The benchmark was conducted on an OrbStack virtual machine running on MacBook Air (M1, 2020) with Linux kernel version 6.9.8. The virtual machine has 8 cores and 8 GB of RAM. The executable is compiled with Clang 18 with optimization level O3.

./hey -n 1000000 -c 5000 http://127.0.0.1:8080/1k

Summary:
  Total:        12.2225 secs
  Slowest:      0.3702 secs
  Fastest:      0.0000 secs
  Average:      0.0530 secs
  Requests/sec: 81816.5124

  Total data:   1024000000 bytes
  Size/request: 1024 bytes

Response time histogram:
  0.000 [1]     |
  0.037 [2054]  |
  0.074 [911261]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.111 [59536] |■■■
  0.148 [746]   |
  0.185 [0]     |
  0.222 [14526] |■
  0.259 [6611]  |
  0.296 [3536]  |
  0.333 [1671]  |
  0.370 [58]    |

Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0412 secs
  25% in 0.0421 secs
  50% in 0.0438 secs
  75% in 0.0490 secs
  90% in 0.0715 secs
  95% in 0.0811 secs
  99% in 0.2271 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.0003 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0999 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0001 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0415 secs
  resp wait:    0.0033 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0615 secs
  resp read:    0.0487 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.2822 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses