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threat-modeling.md

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Threat Model Analysis for octalmage/robotjs

Threat: Remote Keyboard and Mouse Control

  • Threat: Remote Control and Data Exfiltration
    • Description: An attacker gains unauthorized access to the application and uses robotjs's keyboard and mouse control functions to remotely control the user's machine. They can simulate user actions to navigate the file system, open applications, copy data, and potentially execute malicious commands. This could be achieved by exploiting a vulnerability in the application that allows arbitrary code execution, or through social engineering to trick a user into running malicious code.
    • Impact: Data theft (credentials, sensitive documents, personal information), malware installation, unauthorized actions performed as the user, complete system compromise.
    • Robotjs Component Affected: robotjs.Mouse, robotjs.Keyboard modules (functions like moveMouse, mouseClick, typeString, keyTap, keyToggle).
    • Risk Severity: Critical
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Input Validation and Sanitization: Strictly validate and sanitize all user inputs to prevent injection vulnerabilities that could be used to execute arbitrary code and call robotjs functions.
      • Principle of Least Privilege: Run the application with the minimum necessary privileges. Avoid running the application as root or administrator.
      • Access Control: Implement strong authentication and authorization mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access to the application and its functionalities.
      • Regular Security Audits and Penetration Testing: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and address potential vulnerabilities in the application and its use of robotjs.
      • Content Security Policy (CSP): Implement a strong CSP to mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks that could be used to inject malicious code leveraging robotjs.
      • User Awareness Training: Educate users about the risks of running untrusted applications and downloading files from unknown sources.

Threat: Credential Harvesting via Keystroke Logging

  • Threat: Credential Harvesting
    • Description: An attacker leverages robotjs's keyboard input simulation capabilities to implement a keystroke logger. Malicious code within the application or injected into it could use robotjs.Keyboard functions to capture keystrokes as users type, potentially capturing passwords, usernames, and other sensitive information. The captured data could be exfiltrated to a remote server controlled by the attacker.
    • Impact: Account compromise, identity theft, unauthorized access to systems and data, financial loss, reputational damage.
    • Robotjs Component Affected: robotjs.Keyboard module (functions like typeString, keyTap, keyToggle used indirectly to simulate input while monitoring events). While robotjs doesn't directly offer keystroke logging, its input simulation can be used in conjunction with other methods to achieve this.
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Input Validation and Sanitization: Prevent injection vulnerabilities that could allow attackers to inject code that uses robotjs for keystroke logging.
      • Principle of Least Privilege: Limit the application's access to system resources and user input.
      • Code Reviews: Conduct thorough code reviews to identify and remove any malicious or unintended code that could be used for keystroke logging.
      • Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP): Consider using RASP solutions to detect and prevent malicious runtime behavior, including attempts to capture keystrokes.
      • Operating System Security Features: Utilize operating system security features like input method editors (IMEs) with password field protection and secure input modes.

Threat: Automated Malicious Actions

  • Threat: Automated Malicious Actions
    • Description: An attacker uses robotjs to automate malicious actions on the user's machine without explicit user consent. This could involve automatically clicking on malicious links, downloading and executing malware, or performing actions within applications that lead to data breaches or system compromise. This could be triggered by a compromised application or by tricking a user into running malicious code.
    • Impact: Malware infection, system compromise, data breaches, financial loss, reputational damage.
    • Robotjs Component Affected: robotjs.Mouse, robotjs.Keyboard modules (functions like mouseClick, moveMouse, keyTap, typeString).
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Input Validation and Sanitization: Prevent injection vulnerabilities that could be used to inject code that automates malicious actions.
      • Principle of Least Privilege: Limit the application's permissions to prevent it from performing actions outside its intended scope.
      • User Awareness Training: Educate users about the risks of running untrusted applications and clicking on suspicious links.
      • Antivirus and Anti-malware Software: Ensure users have up-to-date antivirus and anti-malware software installed.
      • Sandboxing: Run the application in a sandboxed environment to limit the potential damage if it is compromised.

Threat: UI Manipulation for Phishing or Deception

  • Threat: UI Manipulation for Phishing or Deception
    • Description: An attacker uses robotjs's window and input control functions to manipulate the user interface. This could involve creating fake login prompts, dialog boxes, or overlays that mimic legitimate applications or system prompts. The goal is to trick users into providing sensitive information (credentials, personal data) or performing unintended actions, such as clicking on malicious links or approving unauthorized transactions.
    • Impact: Credential theft, social engineering attacks, unauthorized access, financial loss, reputational damage.
    • Robotjs Component Affected: robotjs.Screen, robotjs.Mouse, robotjs.Keyboard modules (functions like captureScreen, moveMouse, mouseClick, typeString, keyTap, and potentially window manipulation functions if used in conjunction with other libraries).
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Input Validation and Sanitization: Prevent injection vulnerabilities that could be used to inject code that manipulates the UI.
      • Principle of Least Privilege: Limit the application's ability to manipulate the user interface beyond its necessary functions.
      • User Awareness Training: Educate users to be cautious of unexpected UI prompts and to verify the legitimacy of login screens and dialog boxes.
      • Digital Signatures and Code Signing: Use digital signatures and code signing to ensure the application's integrity and authenticity, making it harder for attackers to inject malicious code.
      • Operating System Security Features: Utilize operating system security features that protect against UI spoofing and phishing attacks.

Threat: Information Disclosure via Screenshots

  • Threat: Information Disclosure via Screenshots
    • Description: An attacker uses robotjs's screen capture functionality to take screenshots of the user's screen without their knowledge or consent. These screenshots can capture sensitive information displayed on the screen, such as passwords, financial data, personal communications, or confidential documents. The captured screenshots could be exfiltrated to a remote server.
    • Impact: Data breaches, privacy violations, exposure of confidential information, reputational damage, legal liabilities.
    • Robotjs Component Affected: robotjs.Screen module (function captureScreen).
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Principle of Least Privilege: Restrict the application's access to screen capture functionality unless absolutely necessary. If screen capture is required, minimize its usage and scope.
      • Access Control: Implement strict access control to the screen capture functionality, ensuring only authorized users or processes can use it.
      • Data Minimization: Avoid displaying sensitive information on the screen unnecessarily.
      • User Consent and Transparency: If screen capture is a legitimate feature, obtain explicit user consent and provide clear transparency about when and why screenshots are being taken.
      • Data Encryption: Encrypt any captured screenshots at rest and in transit to protect them from unauthorized access.

Threat: Privacy Violation and Surveillance via Continuous Screen Capture

  • Threat: Privacy Violation and Surveillance
    • Description: An attacker uses robotjs's screen capture functionality to continuously or periodically monitor user activity without their knowledge or consent. This can be used for unauthorized surveillance, tracking user behavior, and collecting sensitive information over time.
    • Impact: Severe privacy violations, potential legal and reputational damage, user distrust, psychological harm to users.
    • Robotjs Component Affected: robotjs.Screen module (function captureScreen used repeatedly).
    • Risk Severity: Critical
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Avoid Unnecessary Screen Capture: Do not implement continuous or periodic screen capture unless there is a compelling and legitimate business need, and only with explicit user consent and strong privacy safeguards.
      • Principle of Least Privilege: Strictly limit access to screen capture functionality and ensure it is only used for its intended purpose.
      • Transparency and User Control: If screen capture is used, provide clear and prominent notifications to users, allow them to control when and how screen capture is used, and provide mechanisms to disable it.
      • Data Minimization and Retention: Minimize the amount of data captured and retain it only for as long as necessary.
      • Data Encryption and Security: Encrypt captured screenshots and implement strong security measures to protect them from unauthorized access and misuse.
      • Regular Audits and Monitoring: Conduct regular audits and monitoring to ensure screen capture functionality is being used responsibly and in compliance with privacy policies and regulations.

Threat: Vulnerabilities in robotjs Library

  • Threat: robotjs Library Vulnerabilities
    • Description: Security vulnerabilities are discovered in the robotjs library itself. These vulnerabilities could be exploited by attackers to compromise applications that use robotjs. Exploits could range from remote code execution to denial of service, depending on the nature of the vulnerability. Attackers could target known vulnerabilities in specific versions of robotjs.
    • Impact: Remote code execution, privilege escalation, information disclosure, denial of service, complete system compromise, application malfunction.
    • Robotjs Component Affected: Entire robotjs library, potentially affecting any module or function depending on the vulnerability.
    • Risk Severity: Critical to High (depending on the vulnerability)
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Keep robotjs Updated: Regularly update robotjs to the latest version to patch known security vulnerabilities. Monitor security advisories and release notes for robotjs.
      • Dependency Scanning: Use dependency scanning tools to identify known vulnerabilities in robotjs and its dependencies.
      • Vulnerability Management: Implement a robust vulnerability management process to track, prioritize, and remediate vulnerabilities in robotjs and other dependencies.
      • Code Reviews: Conduct code reviews to identify potential vulnerabilities in the application's use of robotjs and ensure secure coding practices.
      • Security Testing: Perform regular security testing, including penetration testing and vulnerability scanning, to identify and address vulnerabilities.