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Attack Tree Analysis for valkey-io/valkey

Objective: Achieve RCE on Valkey Server [CN]

Attack Tree Visualization

                                      Attacker's Goal: Achieve RCE on Valkey Server [CN]
                                                      |
                                      -------------------------------------------------
                                      |                                               |
                      -----------------------------------         ------------------------------------------------
                      |                                 |         |
             Exploit Valkey Vulnerabilities      Exploit Misconfigurations      Exploit Dependencies/Fork-Specific Issues
                      |                                 |         |
       -----------------------------------      -------------------------      ------------------------------------------------
       |                                 |      |                       |      |
  Buffer Overflow [CN]   Module Command      Weak/Default Auth [HR][CN]   Exposed Admin Interface [HR][CN]   New Vulnerability in Fork [HR][CN]
                                 |                                              |
       -----------------------------------      -------------------------
       |                                 |      |
  New/Modified Commands (Fork)[HR]   No Auth (Default) [HR]   Unprotected Port [HR]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Valkey Vulnerabilities

  • 1.1 Buffer Overflow [CN]

    • Description: A vulnerability where carefully crafted input can overwrite memory buffers, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution.
    • Likelihood: Low to Medium
    • Impact: Very High (RCE)
    • Effort: Medium to High
    • Skill Level: High to Very High
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium to High

  • 1.2 Module Command -> New/Modified Commands (Fork) [HR]

    • Description: Vulnerabilities within custom modules, specifically in new or modified commands introduced by the Valkey fork. These commands might have insufficient input validation or other security flaws.
    • Likelihood: Medium to High (New code is more prone to vulnerabilities)
    • Impact: Very High (RCE)
    • Effort: Medium to High (Depends on the complexity of the vulnerability)
    • Skill Level: Medium to High
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium to High (Requires specific monitoring of module command execution)

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Misconfigurations

  • 2.1 Weak/Default Auth [HR][CN] -> No Auth (Default) [HR]

    • Description: Valkey deployed without authentication or with easily guessable credentials. This allows attackers to connect directly and issue commands.
    • Likelihood: High (Common misconfiguration)
    • Impact: High (Unauthorized access, potential for RCE)
    • Effort: Very Low
    • Skill Level: Very Low
    • Detection Difficulty: Low

  • 2.2 Exposed Admin Interface [HR][CN] -> Unprotected Port [HR]

    • Description: Valkey instance accessible on a network without proper access controls (e.g., firewall rules). Attackers can connect directly.
    • Likelihood: Medium (Common misconfiguration)
    • Impact: High (Unauthorized access, potential for RCE)
    • Effort: Very Low
    • Skill Level: Very Low
    • Detection Difficulty: Low

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Dependencies/Fork-Specific Issues

  • 3.1 New Vulnerability in Fork [HR][CN]
    • Description: A vulnerability introduced specifically by the Valkey fork, either in new features, modified code, or bug fixes. This is the most likely location for new vulnerabilities.
    • Likelihood: Medium to High (New code is inherently riskier)
    • Impact: High to Very High (Could be RCE or other severe vulnerabilities)
    • Effort: Medium to High (Requires finding and exploiting a potentially unknown vulnerability)
    • Skill Level: High to Very High
    • Detection Difficulty: High (Less likely to be detected by existing tools)