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Attack Tree Analysis for facebook/rocksdb

Objective: To gain unauthorized read and/or write access to data stored within RocksDB, leading to data exfiltration, data corruption, or denial of service specific to the RocksDB instance.

Attack Tree Visualization

                                     +-------------------------------------------------+
                                     |  Attacker Gains Unauthorized Read/Write Access  |
                                     |        to RocksDB Data (Data Exfiltration,      |
                                     |         Corruption, or DoS via RocksDB)         |
                                     +-------------------------------------------------+
                                                        |
          +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
          |                                                                                          |
+---------------------+                                                               +---------------------+
|  Exploit           |                                                               |  Abuse Configuration| [HIGH RISK]
|  Vulnerabilities   |                                                               |  or Features        |
+---------------------+                                                               +---------------------+
          |                                                                                          |
+---------+---------+                                                                 +---------+---------+
|  Code   |  Other  |                                                                 |  Poor   |  Weak   |
|  Flaws  |  Libs   |                                                                 |  Access |  Crypto | [CRITICAL]
+---------+---------+                                                                 | Control |         |
    |         |                                                                         +---------+---------+
    |         |                                                                             |
+---+---+ +---+---+                                                                 +---+---+
|CVE-XXX| |Dep.  |                                                                 |No Auth| [HIGH RISK]
|       | |Vuln. | [HIGH RISK]                                                        |Checks |
|       | |(CVE- |                                                                 |       |
|       | | XXX) |                                                                 |       |
+-------+ +-------+                                                                 +-------+

Attack Tree Path: 1. Abuse Configuration or Features [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: This branch represents attacks that exploit misconfigurations or misuse intended features of RocksDB, rather than exploiting underlying code vulnerabilities. This is often a more accessible attack path.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1 Poor Access Control [CRITICAL]

  • Description: This sub-branch focuses on failures in the application's access control mechanisms, allowing unauthorized interaction with RocksDB. RocksDB itself does not provide application-level authentication.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1 No Authentication/Authorization Checks [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: The application using RocksDB does not implement any authentication (verifying user identity) or authorization (checking user permissions) before allowing access to the database. This is a fundamental security flaw.
  • Likelihood: Medium to High (Common application-level mistake.)
  • Impact: Very High (Complete data compromise.)
  • Effort: Very Low (Trivial if no checks exist.)
  • Skill Level: Novice
  • Detection Difficulty: Easy to Medium (Absence of authentication logs is a clear indicator; unauthorized access attempts might be logged.)
  • Mitigation:
    • Implement robust authentication and authorization in the application before any RocksDB interaction.
    • Use a least-privilege model.
    • Never expose RocksDB directly to untrusted networks.

Attack Tree Path: 1.2 Weak Cryptography

  • Description: This focuses on weaknesses related to RocksDB's encryption features, particularly key management.

Attack Tree Path: 1.2.1 Insecure Key Management

  • Description: Encryption keys for RocksDB are stored or managed insecurely, making them vulnerable to compromise. Examples include hardcoding keys, storing them in easily accessible files, or using weak key generation methods.
  • Likelihood: Medium (Poor key management practices are common.)
  • Impact: Very High (Leads to data decryption.)
  • Effort: Low to Medium (Depends on key storage location.)
  • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate
  • Detection Difficulty: Hard (Difficult to detect unless key access is specifically monitored.)
  • Mitigation:
    • Use a secure Key Management System (KMS).
    • Never hardcode keys.
    • Follow best practices for key rotation and access control.
    • Consider Hardware Security Modules (HSMs).

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Vulnerabilities

  • Description: This branch represents attacks that directly exploit vulnerabilities within RocksDB's code or its dependencies.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1 Code Flaws

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.1 CVE-XXX (Placeholder)

  • Description: Represents known, publicly disclosed vulnerabilities (CVEs) in RocksDB. The risk is significantly higher when a known, exploitable CVE exists and a patch is not applied.
  • Likelihood: Medium (Depends on the specific CVE and patch application speed.)
  • Impact: High to Very High (Depends on the CVE; could range from DoS to RCE and data exfiltration.)
  • Effort: Low to Medium (Exploits are often publicly available.)
  • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate (Using pre-built exploits is easier.)
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard (IDS/WAFs might detect known patterns, but sophisticated attackers can bypass them.)
  • Mitigation:
    • Regularly update RocksDB to the latest version.
    • Monitor security advisories.
    • Implement a robust vulnerability management process.

Attack Tree Path: 2.2 Other Libraries Vulnerabilities

Attack Tree Path: 2.2.1 Dependency Vulnerabilities (CVE-XXX) [HIGH RISK]

  • Description: Vulnerabilities in libraries that RocksDB depends on (e.g., compression libraries). Similar to direct RocksDB CVEs, the risk is high when a known, exploitable CVE exists.
  • Likelihood: Medium (Dependencies are frequently updated, but vulnerabilities are regularly discovered.)
  • Impact: High to Very High (Depends on the specific dependency and vulnerability.)
  • Effort: Low to Medium (Exploits are often publicly available.)
  • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard (Similar to direct CVEs.)
  • Mitigation:
    • Maintain an up-to-date Software Bill of Materials (SBOM).
    • Monitor for vulnerabilities in dependencies.
    • Update dependencies promptly.
    • Use dependency analysis tools.