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Attack Tree Analysis for google/leveldb

Objective: Compromise Application Using LevelDB

Attack Tree Visualization

Root: Compromise Application Using LevelDB [CR]
    ├── 1. Data Breach (Confidentiality Compromise) [HR]
    │   ├── 1.1. Unauthorized Data Access [CR]
    │   │   ├── 1.1.1. File System Access Control Weakness [CR]
    │   │   │   ├── 1.1.1.1. Exploit Weak File Permissions on LevelDB Data Directory [HR]
    │   │   ├── 1.1.2. API Misuse/Vulnerability Leading to Data Exposure [CR]
    │   │   │   ├── 1.1.2.1. Application Logic Flaw Exposing LevelDB Data [HR]
    ├── 2. Data Manipulation (Integrity Compromise) [HR]
    │   ├── 2.1. Unauthorized Data Modification [CR]
    │   │   ├── 2.1.1. File System Access Control Weakness [CR]
    │   │   │   ├── 2.1.1.1. Exploit Weak File Permissions on LevelDB Data Directory [HR]
    │   │   ├── 2.1.2. API Misuse/Vulnerability Leading to Data Corruption [CR]
    │   │   │   ├── 2.1.2.1. Application Logic Flaw Allowing Data Corruption [HR]
    │   │   ├── 2.1.3. Data Injection/Poisoning [HR]
    ├── 3. Denial of Service (Availability Compromise) [HR]
    │   ├── 3.1. Resource Exhaustion [CR]
    │   │   ├── 3.1.1. Storage Exhaustion [HR]
    │   │   │   ├── 3.1.1.1. Fill LevelDB Storage with Excessive Data [HR]
    │   │   ├── 3.1.3. CPU Exhaustion [HR]
    │   │   │   ├── 3.1.3.1. Trigger CPU-Intensive Operations in LevelDB [HR]

Attack Tree Path: Root: Compromise Application Using LevelDB [CR]

  • Description: This is the ultimate attacker goal. Success means gaining unauthorized control or causing significant harm to the application utilizing LevelDB.
  • Criticality: Highest - Represents complete compromise.

Attack Tree Path: 1. Data Breach (Confidentiality Compromise) [HR]

  • Description: The attacker aims to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data stored within LevelDB, leading to a breach of confidentiality.
  • Risk Level: High - Data breaches can have severe consequences, including reputational damage, financial loss, and legal repercussions.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1. Unauthorized Data Access [CR]

  • Description: This is the primary method to achieve a data breach. It involves bypassing intended access controls to read LevelDB data.
  • Criticality: High - Direct path to data breach.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1. File System Access Control Weakness [CR]

  • Description: Exploiting misconfigurations in file system permissions on the LevelDB data directory.
  • Criticality: High - Fundamental vulnerability affecting data confidentiality and integrity.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1.1. Exploit Weak File Permissions on LevelDB Data Directory [HR]

  • Attack Vector:
    • Weak Permissions: If the LevelDB data directory and files are not properly secured, an attacker with access to the server (e.g., through web server vulnerabilities or compromised accounts) can directly read the files.
    • Action: Identify and exploit misconfigured file permissions allowing unauthorized read access to LevelDB files.
  • Risk Level: High - Relatively easy to exploit if misconfigured, high impact data breach.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2. API Misuse/Vulnerability Leading to Data Exposure [CR]

  • Description: Exploiting flaws in the application's API or logic that interacts with LevelDB, leading to unintended data exposure.
  • Criticality: High - Relies on application-specific vulnerabilities, but common and impactful.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2.1. Application Logic Flaw Exposing LevelDB Data [HR]

  • Attack Vector:
    • Logic Errors: Application code might have flaws in authorization checks, data sanitization, or API design, unintentionally exposing LevelDB data through application endpoints.
    • Example: An API endpoint designed to retrieve user profiles might inadvertently expose sensitive fields stored in LevelDB without proper access control.
    • Action: Identify application endpoints or functionalities that unintentionally expose LevelDB data due to flawed logic.
  • Risk Level: High - Common application vulnerability, can lead to significant data exposure.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Data Manipulation (Integrity Compromise) [HR]

  • Description: The attacker aims to modify or corrupt data stored in LevelDB without authorization, compromising data integrity.
  • Risk Level: High - Data integrity compromise can lead to application malfunction, incorrect business logic, and further security issues.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1. Unauthorized Data Modification [CR]

  • Description: This is the primary method to achieve data manipulation. It involves bypassing intended access controls to write or modify LevelDB data.
  • Criticality: High - Direct path to data integrity compromise.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.1. File System Access Control Weakness [CR]

  • Description: Exploiting misconfigurations in file system permissions on the LevelDB data directory to gain write access.
  • Criticality: High - Fundamental vulnerability affecting data confidentiality and integrity.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.1.1. Exploit Weak File Permissions on LevelDB Data Directory [HR]

  • Attack Vector:
    • Weak Permissions (Write Access): If the LevelDB data directory and files are not properly secured, an attacker with server access can directly modify or delete LevelDB files.
    • Action: Identify and exploit misconfigured file permissions allowing unauthorized write access to LevelDB files.
  • Risk Level: High - Relatively easy to exploit if misconfigured, critical impact data corruption.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.2. API Misuse/Vulnerability Leading to Data Corruption [CR]

  • Description: Exploiting flaws in the application's API or logic that interacts with LevelDB, leading to unintended data corruption.
  • Criticality: High - Relies on application-specific vulnerabilities, but common and impactful.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.2.1. Application Logic Flaw Allowing Data Corruption [HR]

  • Attack Vector:
    • Logic Errors (Data Modification): Application code might have flaws in data validation, update logic, or API design, unintentionally allowing corruption of data stored in LevelDB.
    • Example: An API endpoint for updating user settings might lack proper validation, allowing an attacker to send malformed data that corrupts the user's profile in LevelDB.
    • Action: Identify application endpoints or functionalities that unintentionally allow corruption of LevelDB data due to flawed logic.
  • Risk Level: High - Common application vulnerability, can lead to data corruption and application instability.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.3. Data Injection/Poisoning [HR]

  • Attack Vector:
    • Malicious Data Injection: If unauthorized write access is achieved (via file system or API vulnerabilities), an attacker can inject malicious or crafted data into LevelDB. This poisoned data can then be used to manipulate application behavior or logic when the application reads and processes it.
    • Action: If unauthorized write access is achieved (via file system or API), inject malicious or crafted data into LevelDB to compromise application functionality or logic that relies on this data.
  • Risk Level: High - Can lead to application logic compromise, data corruption, and potentially further attacks.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Denial of Service (Availability Compromise) [HR]

  • Description: The attacker aims to disrupt the application's availability, making it unusable for legitimate users.
  • Risk Level: High - DoS attacks can severely impact business operations and user experience.

Attack Tree Path: 3.1. Resource Exhaustion [CR]

  • Description: Overwhelming system resources (storage, memory, CPU) used by LevelDB to cause a denial of service.
  • Criticality: High - Common and effective DoS technique.

Attack Tree Path: 3.1.1. Storage Exhaustion [HR]

  • Description: Filling up the disk space used by LevelDB with excessive data.
  • Risk Level: High - Relatively easy to achieve if write access is possible, direct impact on availability.

Attack Tree Path: 3.1.1.1. Fill LevelDB Storage with Excessive Data [HR]

  • Attack Vector:
    • Uncontrolled Data Input: If the application allows users or external systems to write data to LevelDB without proper size limits or quotas, an attacker can flood the system with data, filling up the disk.
    • Action: If attacker can write to LevelDB (even indirectly via application), fill the storage with a large amount of data to exhaust disk space and cause application failure.
  • Risk Level: High - Easy to execute if write access is available, direct DoS impact.

Attack Tree Path: 3.1.3. CPU Exhaustion [HR]

  • Description: Triggering CPU-intensive LevelDB operations to consume excessive CPU resources.
  • Risk Level: High - Can lead to application slowdown or unresponsiveness, impacting availability.

Attack Tree Path: 3.1.3.1. Trigger CPU-Intensive Operations in LevelDB [HR]

  • Attack Vector:
    • Expensive Queries/Operations: Identifying and repeatedly triggering LevelDB operations that are computationally expensive (e.g., complex range queries, forced compaction) can exhaust CPU resources.
    • Action: Identify and trigger LevelDB operations (e.g., specific queries, compaction processes) that are computationally expensive and can consume excessive CPU resources, leading to application slowdown or unresponsiveness.
  • Risk Level: High - Can be effective in causing DoS, requires some understanding of LevelDB operations and application usage.