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Mitigation Strategies Analysis for lizardbyte/sunshine

Mitigation Strategy: Implement Strong Password Policies

  • Description:

    1. Password Complexity Requirements: Enforce minimum password length (e.g., 12 characters), require a mix of character types (uppercase, lowercase, numbers, symbols). Implement checks during user registration and password changes within Sunshine's user management system to ensure compliance.
    2. Password Strength Meter: Integrate a password strength meter into Sunshine's user interface during password creation and modification to provide real-time feedback to users and encourage stronger passwords. This would be part of the user registration/profile editing functionality in Sunshine.
    3. Password History: Consider implementing password history within Sunshine to prevent users from reusing recently used passwords. This would be a backend feature in Sunshine's user authentication module.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Brute-Force Attacks (High Severity): Attackers attempting to guess passwords through repeated login attempts against Sunshine accounts.
    • Dictionary Attacks (High Severity): Attackers using lists of common words and passwords to guess Sunshine user credentials.
    • Credential Stuffing (High Severity): Attackers using compromised credentials from other breaches to attempt logins on Sunshine.

  • Impact: Significantly Reduces risk of successful password-based attacks against Sunshine user accounts. Makes it much harder for attackers to guess or crack passwords.

  • Currently Implemented: Partially Implemented. Likely basic password length requirements are in place within Sunshine. Password complexity and strength meter might be missing. Implementation location would be in Sunshine's user authentication module/backend and frontend user interface.

  • Missing Implementation: Enhance password complexity requirements within Sunshine's backend, implement a password strength meter in Sunshine's user interface, consider password history in Sunshine's user authentication module.

Mitigation Strategy: Consider Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

  • Description:

    1. Choose MFA Method: Select an appropriate MFA method for Sunshine (e.g., Time-Based One-Time Passwords (TOTP) via apps like Google Authenticator or Authy, SMS-based OTP, hardware security keys). TOTP is generally recommended for security and ease of use and integration with Sunshine.
    2. Implement MFA Flow: Integrate MFA into Sunshine's login process. After successful password entry, prompt the user for a second factor within the Sunshine login flow.
    3. User Enrollment: Provide a user-friendly process within Sunshine for users to enroll in MFA, including generating and storing recovery codes in case of MFA device loss. This would be part of Sunshine's user profile management.
    4. Backend Integration: Implement server-side logic within Sunshine to verify MFA tokens and manage MFA settings for user accounts. This would be a core feature in Sunshine's authentication module.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Credential Compromise (High Severity): Even if Sunshine user passwords are leaked or stolen, MFA prevents unauthorized access without the second factor.
    • Phishing Attacks (Medium Severity): MFA adds a layer of protection against phishing attempts targeting Sunshine logins, as attackers would need to compromise both the password and the second factor.

  • Impact: Significantly Reduces risk of unauthorized access to Sunshine due to compromised credentials. Provides a strong second layer of defense for Sunshine user accounts.

  • Currently Implemented: Likely Not Implemented. MFA is a more advanced authentication feature and is not typically included in basic open-source projects like Sunshine unless explicitly added.

  • Missing Implementation: MFA needs to be implemented within Sunshine from scratch. This involves backend changes in Sunshine's user account management and authentication flows, as well as frontend changes in Sunshine's user interface and enrollment processes.

Mitigation Strategy: Regularly Audit User Accounts and Permissions

  • Description:

    1. Periodic Review Schedule: Establish a schedule for regular user account audits within Sunshine's user management system (e.g., monthly or quarterly).
    2. Account Inventory: Maintain an inventory of all Sunshine user accounts and their assigned roles/permissions within Sunshine's administration interface.
    3. Permission Review: Review the permissions granted to each Sunshine user account. Ensure they align with the principle of least privilege – users should only have the permissions necessary to perform their tasks within Sunshine.
    4. Inactive Account Management: Identify and disable or remove inactive Sunshine user accounts. Define criteria for inactivity (e.g., no login for 90 days) within Sunshine's user management.
    5. Account Termination Process: Implement a clear process within Sunshine for disabling or removing user accounts when users leave the project or no longer require access to Sunshine.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Unauthorized Access (Medium Severity): Reduces the risk of unauthorized access to Sunshine by stale or overly privileged accounts.
    • Insider Threats (Medium Severity): Helps mitigate potential insider threats within Sunshine by ensuring appropriate access controls are in place and regularly reviewed.
    • Privilege Escalation (Low Severity): Reduces the risk of unintended privilege escalation within Sunshine by ensuring permissions are correctly assigned and reviewed.

  • Impact: Moderately Reduces risk of unauthorized access and insider threats within Sunshine by maintaining a clean and controlled user account environment.

  • Currently Implemented: Likely Partially Implemented. Basic user account management exists within Sunshine, but regular auditing and formal permission review processes are probably missing from Sunshine's administrative features.

  • Missing Implementation: Implement a formal process for regular user account audits and permission reviews within Sunshine. This might involve creating scripts or tools within Sunshine to generate user account reports and facilitate the review process, accessible through an admin interface. Documentation of roles and permissions within Sunshine is also needed.

Mitigation Strategy: Rate Limiting for Login Attempts

  • Description:

    1. Identify Login Endpoint: Determine the specific endpoint(s) in Sunshine that handle user login requests. This is within Sunshine's authentication module.
    2. Implement Rate Limiting Logic: Implement rate limiting middleware or logic on the server-side within Sunshine for the login endpoint. This can be based on IP address, username, or a combination, implemented in Sunshine's backend.
    3. Define Rate Limits: Set appropriate rate limits within Sunshine's configuration (e.g., allow 5 login attempts per IP address per minute). Adjust limits based on expected legitimate user behavior and security needs for Sunshine.
    4. Response Handling: When rate limits are exceeded, return an appropriate error response (e.g., HTTP 429 Too Many Requests) from Sunshine and potentially implement a temporary lockout period within Sunshine's authentication logic.
    5. Logging and Monitoring: Log rate limiting events within Sunshine for monitoring and security analysis.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Brute-Force Attacks (High Severity): Significantly slows down and makes brute-force password guessing attacks against Sunshine logins much less effective.
    • Denial of Service (DoS) (Medium Severity): Can partially mitigate DoS attempts targeting Sunshine's login endpoint by limiting the rate of requests.

  • Impact: Significantly Reduces the effectiveness of brute-force attacks against Sunshine logins. Moderately reduces DoS risk on Sunshine's login endpoint.

  • Currently Implemented: Potentially Not Implemented. Rate limiting is a security best practice but might not be implemented by default in Sunshine.

  • Missing Implementation: Rate limiting needs to be implemented on the server-side within Sunshine for the login endpoint. This can be done using middleware or framework-specific rate limiting libraries integrated into Sunshine's backend.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Session Management

  • Description:

    1. Strong Session ID Generation: Use cryptographically secure random number generators within Sunshine to create session IDs that are long and unpredictable. This is part of Sunshine's session handling.
    2. HTTP-Only and Secure Flags: Set the HttpOnly flag for session cookies generated by Sunshine to prevent client-side JavaScript from accessing them, mitigating Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. Set the Secure flag to ensure cookies are only transmitted over HTTPS when Sunshine is configured for HTTPS.
    3. Session Timeout: Implement appropriate session timeouts within Sunshine. Consider both idle timeouts (e.g., 30 minutes of inactivity) and absolute timeouts (e.g., 24 hours) in Sunshine's session management.
    4. Session Regeneration: Regenerate session IDs within Sunshine after successful login to prevent session fixation attacks.
    5. Secure Session Storage: Store session data securely on the server-side within Sunshine. Avoid storing sensitive information directly in session cookies. Consider using server-side session stores like databases or in-memory caches managed by Sunshine.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Session Hijacking (High Severity): Makes it harder for attackers to steal or guess Sunshine session IDs and impersonate users.
    • Session Fixation (Medium Severity): Prevents attackers from pre-setting session IDs and tricking users into using them in Sunshine.
    • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) related session theft (Medium Severity): HttpOnly flag mitigates session theft via XSS vulnerabilities in Sunshine.

  • Impact: Significantly Reduces risk of session-based attacks and unauthorized access to Sunshine.

  • Currently Implemented: Likely Partially Implemented. Basic session management is probably in place in Sunshine, but HTTP-Only and Secure flags, session regeneration, and robust session storage might need review and improvement within Sunshine's code. Implementation is typically within the application framework's session handling mechanisms used by Sunshine.

  • Missing Implementation: Ensure HttpOnly and Secure flags are set for session cookies generated by Sunshine. Implement session regeneration after login within Sunshine. Review and potentially enhance server-side session storage for security within Sunshine.

Mitigation Strategy: Enforce HTTPS for All Communication

  • Description:

    1. Application Configuration: Ensure Sunshine application itself is configured to generate HTTPS URLs and communicate securely. This involves settings within Sunshine to enforce HTTPS.
    2. Redirect HTTP to HTTPS (Application Level): Configure Sunshine to automatically redirect all HTTP requests to HTTPS. This can be done within Sunshine's routing or web server configuration.
    3. HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) Configuration: Consider enabling HSTS within Sunshine's web server configuration to instruct browsers to always connect to the server over HTTPS when accessing Sunshine.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks (High Severity): Encrypts communication between Moonlight clients and Sunshine, preventing eavesdropping and data interception during transmission.
    • Data Eavesdropping (High Severity): Protects sensitive data like credentials, game input, and potentially game output transmitted via Sunshine from being intercepted in transit.
    • Session Hijacking via Network Sniffing (High Severity): Encrypts session cookies used by Sunshine, making them unreadable if intercepted.

  • Impact: Significantly Reduces risk of network-based attacks and data breaches related to Sunshine communication. Essential for protecting sensitive information transmitted by Sunshine.

  • Currently Implemented: Likely Partially Implemented. Sunshine should be designed to work over HTTPS, but it's crucial to verify and enforce it within Sunshine's configuration and potentially code.

  • Missing Implementation: Strictly enforce HTTPS for all communication within Sunshine's configuration. Ensure proper redirection from HTTP to HTTPS is configured within Sunshine. Implement HSTS configuration options within Sunshine's deployment setup. This is primarily a configuration task within Sunshine and its deployment.

Mitigation Strategy: Regularly Update Sunshine and Dependencies

  • Description:

    1. Dependency Tracking: Maintain a list of all dependencies used by Sunshine (libraries, frameworks, etc.) within the Sunshine project's documentation or build system.
    2. Vulnerability Monitoring: Monitor security vulnerability databases and advisories for known vulnerabilities in Sunshine and its dependencies. Implement automated tools within the Sunshine development process to check for vulnerabilities.
    3. Update Process: Establish a process for promptly applying security updates to Sunshine and its dependencies when vulnerabilities are identified. This includes testing updates in a staging environment before releasing new versions of Sunshine.
    4. Automated Updates (Carefully): Consider using automated update mechanisms for dependencies within the Sunshine build process, but exercise caution and test updates thoroughly to avoid introducing instability in Sunshine.
    5. Inform Users about Updates: Notify users about new Sunshine releases and encourage them to update to the latest versions, especially when security updates are included. This can be done through Sunshine's website, release notes, or in-application notifications.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Exploitation of Known Vulnerabilities (High Severity): Patches known security flaws in Sunshine and its dependencies, preventing attackers from exploiting them in deployed Sunshine instances.
    • Zero-Day Attacks (Minimally): While updates don't prevent zero-day attacks, staying up-to-date with Sunshine reduces the window of opportunity for attackers to exploit newly discovered vulnerabilities.

  • Impact: Significantly Reduces risk of exploitation of known vulnerabilities in Sunshine and its dependencies. Crucial for maintaining a secure Sunshine application.

  • Currently Implemented: Partially Implemented. The Sunshine project likely has a release process, but proactive vulnerability monitoring and automated dependency update mechanisms might be missing from the development workflow.

  • Missing Implementation: Implement a more formal vulnerability monitoring process for Sunshine and its dependencies within the development workflow. Consider providing update notifications to users within Sunshine itself or through other channels. Improve documentation on how to update Sunshine.

Mitigation Strategy: Minimize Exposed Services

  • Description:

    1. Feature Review: Review all features and services offered by Sunshine.
    2. Disable Unnecessary Features: Identify and disable any features or services within Sunshine that are not essential for the core functionality of Sunshine or are not actively used. This would involve configuration options within Sunshine.
    3. Remove Unused Code: Remove any unused code or components from the Sunshine codebase to reduce the attack surface. This is a development practice for the Sunshine project.
    4. Principle of Least Functionality: Design Sunshine with only the necessary features and avoid adding unnecessary complexity that could introduce vulnerabilities in future versions of Sunshine.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Reduced Attack Surface (Medium Severity): Minimizing exposed services in Sunshine reduces the number of potential entry points for attackers.
    • Complexity-Related Vulnerabilities (Medium Severity): Simplifying Sunshine reduces the likelihood of introducing vulnerabilities due to complex or unnecessary features.

  • Impact: Moderately Reduces the overall attack surface of Sunshine and potential for vulnerabilities.

  • Currently Implemented: Likely Partially Implemented. Good software development practices generally encourage minimizing unnecessary features, and Sunshine likely follows some of these principles.

  • Missing Implementation: Conduct a specific review of Sunshine's features and services from a security perspective to identify and disable or remove any non-essential components. This should be an ongoing process as Sunshine evolves and new features are considered. Provide configuration options in Sunshine to disable optional features.

Mitigation Strategy: Input Validation and Sanitization for Game Launching

  • Description:

    1. Identify Input Points: Identify all points within Sunshine's code where user input is used to construct commands for launching games (e.g., game paths, launch parameters).
    2. Whitelist Valid Characters/Formats: Define strict whitelists of allowed characters and formats for game paths and parameters within Sunshine's input handling logic. Reject any input that does not conform to the whitelist in Sunshine.
    3. Path Sanitization: Sanitize game paths within Sunshine's code to remove or escape potentially dangerous characters or sequences (e.g., shell metacharacters, directory traversal sequences like ../).
    4. Parameter Sanitization: Sanitize game launch parameters within Sunshine's code to prevent command injection. Use safe parameter passing mechanisms provided by the operating system or programming language, avoiding shell interpretation where possible in Sunshine.
    5. Input Length Limits: Enforce reasonable length limits on input fields within Sunshine to prevent buffer overflow vulnerabilities (though less common in modern languages, still good practice).

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Command Injection (High Severity): Prevents attackers from injecting arbitrary commands into the game launching process via Sunshine, potentially leading to remote code execution on the host system.
    • Path Traversal (Medium Severity): Prevents attackers from manipulating game paths within Sunshine to access files outside of intended directories.

  • Impact: Significantly Reduces risk of command injection and path traversal vulnerabilities in Sunshine. Critical for preventing remote code execution via Sunshine.

  • Currently Implemented: Needs Review. Input validation and sanitization are essential security practices, but the extent and effectiveness of implementation in Sunshine needs to be assessed, especially around game launching functionality.

  • Missing Implementation: Thoroughly review and strengthen input validation and sanitization for all game launching related inputs within Sunshine's code. Implement robust whitelisting and sanitization functions in Sunshine. Conduct security testing specifically targeting command injection vulnerabilities in Sunshine's game launching features.

Mitigation Strategy: Resource Limits for Game Processes

  • Description:

    1. Identify Resource Limits: Determine appropriate resource limits for game processes launched by Sunshine (CPU time, memory usage, number of processes, file descriptors, etc.). These limits should be configurable within Sunshine.
    2. Implement Resource Control Mechanisms: Use operating system features (e.g., ulimit on Linux, process quotas on Windows) or programming language libraries within Sunshine to enforce resource limits on child processes launched by Sunshine.
    3. Configuration Options: Make resource limits configurable within Sunshine's settings, allowing users to adjust them based on their system resources and security needs.
    4. Monitoring and Logging: Monitor resource usage of game processes launched by Sunshine and log any instances where resource limits are exceeded within Sunshine's logging system.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Denial of Service (DoS) (Medium Severity): Prevents malicious clients from launching resource-intensive games or processes via Sunshine that could exhaust system resources and make the Sunshine host unavailable.
    • Resource Exhaustion (Medium Severity): Protects the host system from resource exhaustion due to runaway game processes launched by Sunshine.

  • Impact: Moderately Reduces risk of DoS and resource exhaustion attacks against Sunshine hosts.

  • Currently Implemented: Potentially Not Implemented. Resource limits are not always implemented by default and require explicit implementation within Sunshine.

  • Missing Implementation: Implement resource limits for game processes launched by Sunshine. Provide configuration options within Sunshine for users to adjust limits. Document how to configure and use resource limits in Sunshine's documentation.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Temporary File Handling

  • Description:

    1. Minimize Temporary File Usage: Reduce the use of temporary files within Sunshine's code wherever possible. Explore alternative approaches that avoid creating temporary files in Sunshine.
    2. Secure Temporary Directory: Use a dedicated, secure temporary directory for Sunshine's temporary files. This should be configured within Sunshine or its deployment environment.
    3. Unique File Names: Generate unique and unpredictable filenames for temporary files created by Sunshine to prevent predictable file paths and potential race conditions.
    4. Restrict File Permissions: Set restrictive file permissions on temporary files created by Sunshine, ensuring they are only readable and writable by the Sunshine process user.
    5. Proper Cleanup: Implement robust mechanisms within Sunshine to ensure temporary files are properly deleted after use, even in case of errors or crashes. Use try-finally blocks or similar constructs in Sunshine's code to guarantee cleanup.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Information Leakage (Low to Medium Severity): Prevents sensitive information from being inadvertently left in insecure temporary files created by Sunshine.
    • Race Conditions (Low Severity): Reduces the risk of race conditions related to temporary file creation and access within Sunshine.
    • Denial of Service (Low Severity): Prevents temporary files created by Sunshine from accumulating and filling up disk space, potentially leading to DoS.

  • Impact: Minimally to Moderately Reduces risks related to temporary file handling in Sunshine. Good practice for general security hygiene in Sunshine's code.

  • Currently Implemented: Needs Review. Secure temporary file handling is a standard programming practice, but the implementation in Sunshine needs to be reviewed to ensure it follows best practices throughout the codebase.

  • Missing Implementation: Review and improve temporary file handling throughout the Sunshine codebase. Ensure secure temporary directory usage, unique filenames, restrictive permissions, and proper cleanup are consistently implemented in Sunshine's code.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Default Configuration

  • Description:

    1. Security-Focused Defaults: Set default configuration values for Sunshine that prioritize security. This is about the default settings in Sunshine's configuration files or initial setup.
    2. Disable Unnecessary Features by Default: Disable any optional or non-essential features by default in Sunshine's configuration, requiring users to explicitly enable them if needed.
    3. Strong Default Passwords (If Applicable): If Sunshine uses default passwords for any accounts or services, ensure they are strong and unique. Ideally, avoid default passwords altogether in Sunshine and force users to set their own during initial setup.
    4. Enable Security Features by Default: Enable security-related features by default in Sunshine's configuration, such as HTTPS redirection, if applicable.
    5. Clear Security Warnings: Display clear warnings or prompts within Sunshine's user interface to users if they are using insecure configurations or have not implemented recommended security settings.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Out-of-the-Box Insecurity (Medium Severity): Prevents users from deploying Sunshine with insecure default settings that could be easily exploited.
    • Misconfiguration (Medium Severity): Reduces the risk of users misconfiguring Sunshine in a way that introduces security vulnerabilities.

  • Impact: Moderately Reduces risk of security vulnerabilities arising from insecure default configurations or user misconfiguration of Sunshine.

  • Currently Implemented: Needs Review. The default configuration of Sunshine needs to be reviewed from a security perspective to ensure it is as secure as possible out-of-the-box.

  • Missing Implementation: Conduct a security review of Sunshine's default configuration. Adjust default settings to be more secure. Provide clear documentation and guidance within Sunshine on secure configuration practices.

Mitigation Strategy: Configuration File Security

  • Description:

    1. Restrict File Permissions (during installation/setup): Provide guidance or mechanisms during Sunshine's installation or setup to ensure Sunshine's configuration files are stored with restrictive file permissions.
    2. Secure Storage Location (by default): Store configuration files in a secure location on the file system by default in Sunshine, outside of publicly accessible web directories.
    3. Avoid Plaintext Secrets: Crucially, avoid storing sensitive information like passwords, API keys, or encryption keys directly in plaintext configuration files used by Sunshine.
    4. Environment Variables or Encrypted Storage: Encourage or implement the use of environment variables or encrypted storage mechanisms (e.g., encrypted configuration files, secrets management tools) within Sunshine to store sensitive configuration data.
    5. Configuration File Validation: Implement validation checks within Sunshine for configuration files to detect and prevent malformed or malicious configurations.

  • List of Threats Mitigated:

    • Exposure of Sensitive Information (High Severity): Prevents unauthorized access to sensitive configuration data like passwords and keys stored in Sunshine's configuration.
    • Configuration Tampering (Medium Severity): Reduces the risk of attackers modifying Sunshine's configuration files to compromise the application.

  • Impact: Significantly Reduces risk of exposure of sensitive configuration data and configuration tampering related to Sunshine.

  • Currently Implemented: Needs Review. Configuration file security is a standard security practice, but the implementation in Sunshine needs to be reviewed, especially regarding the storage of sensitive information in its configuration files.

  • Missing Implementation: Review how sensitive information is stored in Sunshine's configuration. Implement mechanisms within Sunshine to avoid storing plaintext secrets, such as using environment variables or encrypted configuration files. Improve documentation within Sunshine on secure configuration practices.