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Attack Tree Analysis for mariadb/server

Objective: Compromise Application by Exploiting MariaDB Server Weaknesses

Attack Tree Visualization

└── AND Compromise Application via MariaDB Server ├── OR [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit MariaDB Server Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ ├── OR [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Known MariaDB Vulnerabilities (CVEs) [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├── OR [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit SQL Injection Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ ├── AND Identify SQL Injection Points │ │ │ │ ├── Check Application Input Fields │ │ │ │ └── Check Stored Procedures/Functions │ │ │ ├── AND Craft Malicious SQL Payloads │ │ │ ├── AND Execute SQL Injection Attack │ │ │ ├── Via Application Interface │ │ │ └── Via Direct Database Connection (if exposed) │ │ ├── OR Exploit Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities (Buffer Overflows, etc.) │ │ │ ├── AND Research Known Memory Corruption CVEs │ │ │ ├── AND Develop Exploit for Memory Corruption Vulnerability │ │ │ ├── AND Execute Memory Corruption Exploit │ │ ├── OR Exploit Logical Vulnerabilities in MariaDB │ │ └── OR Exploit Zero-Day Vulnerabilities in MariaDB (Advanced) │ │ ├── AND Discover Zero-Day Vulnerability │ │ ├── AND Develop Zero-Day Exploit │ │ └── AND Execute Zero-Day Exploit ├── OR [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit MariaDB Server Misconfigurations [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ ├── OR [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Weak Authentication [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├── AND Identify Weak Credentials │ │ │ ├── Default Credentials │ │ │ ├── Brute-Force/Dictionary Attacks │ │ │ └── Credential Stuffing (if applicable) │ │ ├── AND Bypass Authentication Mechanisms │ │ │ ├── Authentication Bypass Vulnerabilities (CVEs) │ │ │ └── Misconfigured Authentication Plugins │ │ └── AND Gain Unauthorized Access │ │ ├── Access Sensitive Data │ │ ├── Modify Data │ │ └── Take Over Database Accounts │ ├── OR [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Insecure Network Configuration [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├── AND Identify Exposed MariaDB Ports │ │ │ ├── Port Scanning │ │ ├── AND Connect Directly to MariaDB Server │ │ │ ├── Bypass Firewall Rules (if possible) │ │ │ └── Connect from Trusted Network (if compromised) │ │ ├── AND Exploit Exposed Services │ │ │ ├── Exploit Vulnerabilities in Exposed MariaDB Service │ │ │ └── Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks │ ├── OR [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Lack of Security Updates/Patching [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ ├── AND Identify Outdated MariaDB Version │ │ │ ├── Version Fingerprinting │ │ ├── AND Research Known Vulnerabilities for Outdated Version │ │ │ ├── CVE Databases Search │ │ ├── AND [CRITICAL NODE] Exploit Known Vulnerabilities in Outdated Version [HIGH-RISK PATH] │ │ │ ├── Utilize Publicly Available Exploits │ │ └── AND Compromise Application via Exploited Vulnerabilities │ │ ├── Data Breach │ │ ├── Application Downtime │ │ └── Full System Compromise └── AND Impact on Application ├── Data Breach (Confidentiality) ├── Data Manipulation/Corruption (Integrity) ├── Service Disruption/Downtime (Availability) ├── Unauthorized Access to Application Functionality (Authorization) ├── Reputational Damage └── Financial Loss

Attack Tree Path: Exploit MariaDB Server Vulnerabilities

  • Attack Vectors: This path encompasses exploiting various types of vulnerabilities within the MariaDB server software itself. This includes:
    • Known CVEs: Exploiting publicly disclosed vulnerabilities with existing exploits.
    • Memory Corruption: Exploiting buffer overflows or other memory safety issues to gain control or cause denial of service.
    • Logical Vulnerabilities: Exploiting flaws in the design or implementation logic of MariaDB features.
    • Zero-Day Vulnerabilities: Exploiting previously unknown vulnerabilities, requiring advanced attacker capabilities.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Known MariaDB Vulnerabilities (CVEs)

  • Attack Vectors: Focusing specifically on leveraging publicly known vulnerabilities (CVEs) in MariaDB. This is a high-risk path because exploits are often readily available, and outdated or unpatched servers are vulnerable.
    • SQL Injection: Exploiting vulnerabilities in application code or database configurations that allow attackers to inject malicious SQL queries.
    • Memory Corruption CVEs: Exploiting known memory corruption vulnerabilities in specific MariaDB versions.
    • Authentication Bypass CVEs: Exploiting known vulnerabilities that allow bypassing authentication mechanisms.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit SQL Injection Vulnerabilities

  • Attack Vectors: Targeting SQL injection flaws, a prevalent web application vulnerability that can directly impact the MariaDB server.
    • Application Input Fields: Injecting malicious SQL through web forms, API parameters, or other user-controlled inputs.
    • Stored Procedures/Functions: Injecting malicious SQL through vulnerable custom stored procedures or functions.
    • Via Application Interface: Exploiting SQL injection through the normal application interaction points.
    • Via Direct Database Connection (if exposed): Exploiting SQL injection by directly connecting to the database if network access is misconfigured.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit MariaDB Server Misconfigurations

  • Attack Vectors: Exploiting weaknesses arising from improper configuration of the MariaDB server.
    • Weak Authentication: Exploiting weak passwords, default credentials, or lack of multi-factor authentication.
    • Insecure Network Configuration: Exploiting exposed database ports or lack of firewall protection.
    • Insufficient Access Controls: Exploiting over-privileged database accounts or lack of proper permission management.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Weak Authentication

  • Attack Vectors: Focusing on vulnerabilities related to weak or bypassed authentication mechanisms.
    • Default Credentials: Using default usernames and passwords that are often left unchanged.
    • Brute-Force/Dictionary Attacks: Attempting to guess passwords through automated attacks.
    • Credential Stuffing: Using compromised credentials from other breaches.
    • Authentication Bypass Vulnerabilities (CVEs): Exploiting known vulnerabilities that allow bypassing authentication.
    • Misconfigured Authentication Plugins: Exploiting misconfigurations in authentication plugins that weaken security.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Insecure Network Configuration

  • Attack Vectors: Exploiting vulnerabilities due to improper network setup and exposure of the MariaDB server.
    • Exposed MariaDB Ports: Directly accessing the database port (typically 3306) from untrusted networks.
    • Bypass Firewall Rules: Circumventing firewall protections to gain direct access.
    • Connect from Trusted Network (if compromised): Leveraging a compromised system within a "trusted" network to access the database.
    • Exploit Vulnerabilities in Exposed MariaDB Service: Exploiting vulnerabilities in the MariaDB service itself when directly exposed to the network.
    • Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks: Launching DoS attacks against the exposed database service.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Lack of Security Updates/Patching

  • Attack Vectors: Exploiting vulnerabilities present in outdated and unpatched MariaDB server versions.
    • Exploit Known Vulnerabilities in Outdated Version: Leveraging publicly known exploits for vulnerabilities present in the specific outdated MariaDB version being used.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Known Vulnerabilities in Outdated Version

  • Attack Vectors: Directly utilizing known exploits against an identified outdated MariaDB server.
    • Utilize Publicly Available Exploits: Using readily available exploit code to compromise the vulnerable server.