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attack-surface.md

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Attack Surface Analysis for ossrs/srs

Attack Surface: Exposed RTMP Port (TCP 1935)

  • Description: SRS exposes TCP port 1935 for RTMP streaming, making it a direct entry point for network-based attacks targeting RTMP protocol vulnerabilities within SRS.
  • SRS Contribution: SRS requires this port to be open for RTMP streaming functionality, a core feature. Vulnerabilities in SRS's RTMP implementation directly contribute to the attack surface.
  • Example: An attacker sends specially crafted RTMP packets to port 1935 exploiting a buffer overflow vulnerability in SRS's RTMP handling code, leading to remote code execution on the server.
  • Impact: Remote Code Execution, Denial of Service, Data Breach (if stream data is compromised).
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Keep SRS Updated: Regularly update SRS to the latest version to patch known RTMP vulnerabilities in SRS code.
    • Network Segmentation: Isolate the SRS server in a network segment with restricted access, limiting exposure to untrusted networks.
    • RTMP over TLS (RTMPS): Enable RTMPS to encrypt RTMP communication, protecting against eavesdropping and MITM attacks. Configure SRS and clients to use RTMPS.

Attack Surface: HTTP API Vulnerabilities (TCP 8080)

  • Description: SRS provides an HTTP API on TCP port 8080 for management and control. Vulnerabilities in SRS's HTTP API implementation can lead to unauthorized access and control of the SRS server.
  • SRS Contribution: SRS implements this HTTP API as a core management interface. Vulnerabilities in the API code are directly part of SRS's attack surface.
  • Example: An attacker exploits a command injection vulnerability in SRS's HTTP API code by sending a malicious request that executes arbitrary commands on the SRS server's operating system.
  • Impact: Remote Code Execution, Server Takeover, Data Manipulation, Denial of Service.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Authentication and Authorization: Enable and enforce strong authentication and authorization for the HTTP API provided by SRS.
    • Input Sanitization: Carefully sanitize all user inputs to the HTTP API handled by SRS to prevent injection vulnerabilities.
    • Principle of Least Privilege: Grant API access only to authorized users and applications with the minimum necessary permissions.
    • HTTPS Only: Enforce HTTPS for all HTTP API communication to protect credentials and data in transit.
    • Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing of the HTTP API provided by SRS.

Attack Surface: Media Stream Processing Vulnerabilities

  • Description: SRS processes incoming media streams. Malformed or malicious streams can exploit vulnerabilities in SRS's media processing pipeline.
  • SRS Contribution: SRS's core function is to process media streams. Vulnerabilities in how SRS handles and processes media data are a direct attack surface.
  • Example: An attacker streams a specially crafted RTMP stream containing malformed media data that triggers a buffer overflow in SRS's media demuxing library used by SRS, leading to a crash or remote code execution.
  • Impact: Denial of Service, Remote Code Execution, Server Instability.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Resource Limits: Configure resource limits within SRS (if available) to prevent malicious streams from consuming excessive resources and causing DoS.
    • Keep SRS Updated: Regularly update SRS to benefit from patches for media processing vulnerabilities within SRS and its dependencies.
    • Consider Media Stream Sanitization/Transcoding (external to SRS): In some scenarios, consider using a separate media processing service to sanitize or transcode incoming streams before they are ingested by SRS, adding a layer of defense.

Attack Surface: Dependency Vulnerabilities

  • Description: SRS relies on third-party libraries. Vulnerabilities in these dependencies can be exploited through SRS.
  • SRS Contribution: SRS uses external libraries (like FFmpeg, OpenSSL, etc.) for media processing and other functionalities. SRS's choice and integration of these dependencies directly contributes to its attack surface if those dependencies are vulnerable.
  • Example: SRS uses an outdated version of OpenSSL with a known vulnerability. An attacker exploits this OpenSSL vulnerability through a connection to SRS, gaining unauthorized access.
  • Impact: Wide range of impacts depending on the dependency vulnerability, including Remote Code Execution, Denial of Service, Information Disclosure.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • Dependency Scanning: Regularly scan SRS and its dependencies for known vulnerabilities using vulnerability scanning tools.
    • Dependency Updates: Keep SRS and its dependencies updated to the latest versions, including security patches.
    • Dependency Management: Use a robust dependency management system to track and manage SRS's dependencies.
    • Vendor Security Advisories: Monitor security advisories from SRS developers and the vendors of its dependencies.