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Mitigation Strategies Analysis for zerotier/zerotierone

Mitigation Strategy: Principle of Least Privilege (Network Membership)

  • Mitigation Strategy: Principle of Least Privilege (Network Membership)

    • Description:

      1. Network Inventory: Maintain an up-to-date inventory of all devices and users that require access to ZeroTier networks. This directly impacts which zerotierone clients are joined to which networks.
      2. Needs Assessment: For each device and user (and therefore, each zerotierone client), determine the specific ZeroTier networks they need to access.
      3. Restricted Membership: Only join zerotierone clients to the ZeroTier networks they absolutely require. Avoid joining them to networks unnecessarily. This is done via the zerotier-cli join <networkID> command.
      4. Regular Review: Periodically review network membership (e.g., every quarter) and remove any zerotierone clients that no longer require access using zerotier-cli leave <networkID>.
      5. Automated Deprovisioning: Ideally, integrate ZeroTier network joining/leaving (using zerotier-cli) with your existing user and device management systems to automate the deprovisioning process.

    • Threats Mitigated:

      • Unauthorized Network Access (High Severity): Limits the impact of a compromised zerotierone client by restricting its access.
      • Lateral Movement (High Severity): Reduces the ability of an attacker to move laterally after compromising a client.
      • Data Exfiltration (Medium Severity): Limits the data accessible from a compromised client.

    • Impact:

      • Unauthorized Network Access: Significantly reduces the impact.
      • Lateral Movement: Significantly reduces the risk.
      • Data Exfiltration: Moderately reduces the risk.

    • Currently Implemented:

      • Network Inventory: Partially implemented (informal list).
      • Needs Assessment: Partially implemented (ad-hoc basis).
      • Restricted Membership: Partially implemented (some restrictions).
      • Regular Review: Not implemented.
      • Automated Deprovisioning: Not implemented.

    • Missing Implementation:

      • Network Inventory: Formal, up-to-date inventory.
      • Needs Assessment: Formalized process.
      • Restricted Membership: Strict enforcement.
      • Regular Review: Scheduled reviews.
      • Automated Deprovisioning: Integration with management systems.

Mitigation Strategy: Network Segmentation (Within ZeroTier) using Flow Rules

  • Mitigation Strategy: Network Segmentation (Within ZeroTier) using Flow Rules

    • Description: This strategy primarily involves configuring flow rules on the controller, but the enforcement of those rules happens within the zerotierone client on each device. Therefore, it's directly relevant.

      1. Identify Network Segments: Define logical segments.
      2. Default Deny Policy: (Controller-side configuration) Start with a "default deny" policy.
      3. Explicit Allow Rules: (Controller-side configuration) Create "allow" rules.
      4. Use Tags and Capabilities: (Controller-side configuration) Use tags and capabilities.
      5. Testing: Use tools like nmap from devices running zerotierone to verify that the flow rules enforced by the client are working as expected. This is a crucial client-side testing step.
      6. Documentation: Document the rules.
      7. Regular Review: Periodically review the rules.

    • Threats Mitigated:

      • Lateral Movement (High Severity): The zerotierone client enforces the rules that prevent lateral movement.
      • Unauthorized Access to Services (High Severity): The client restricts access based on the rules.
      • Data Exfiltration (Medium Severity): The client limits data access.
      • Compromised Node Impact (High Severity): The client limits the damage a compromised node can do.

    • Impact:

      • Lateral Movement: Significantly reduces the risk.
      • Unauthorized Access to Services: Significantly reduces the risk.
      • Data Exfiltration: Moderately reduces the risk.
      • Compromised Node Impact: Significantly reduces the impact.

    • Currently Implemented:

      • Identify Network Segments: Partially implemented.
      • Default Deny Policy: Not implemented.
      • Explicit Allow Rules: Partially implemented.
      • Use Tags and Capabilities: Not implemented.
      • Testing: Partially implemented (basic testing from client devices).
      • Documentation: Not implemented.
      • Regular Review: Not implemented.

    • Missing Implementation:

      • Default Deny Policy: Implement on the controller.
      • Explicit Allow Rules: Refine rules.
      • Use Tags and Capabilities: Implement on the controller.
      • Testing: More rigorous testing from client devices.
      • Documentation: Create documentation.
      • Regular Review: Schedule reviews.

Mitigation Strategy: Regular Client Updates

  • Mitigation Strategy: Regular Client Updates

    • Description:

      1. Enable Automatic Updates: Configure the zerotierone client to automatically update itself. The exact method depends on the operating system and installation method (e.g., package manager, installer).
      2. Manual Updates (If Necessary): If automatic updates are not possible, establish a process for regularly checking for and installing updates to the zerotierone client manually. This might involve running zerotier-cli commands or using OS-specific update mechanisms.
      3. Monitor Release Notes: Monitor ZeroTier's release notes.
      4. Centralized Management (If Possible): Use a centralized system to manage zerotierone client updates across multiple devices.

    • Threats Mitigated:

      • Client Vulnerability Exploitation (High Severity): Directly addresses vulnerabilities in the zerotierone client.
      • Zero-Day Exploits (High Severity): Helps mitigate zero-days by ensuring rapid patching.

    • Impact:

      • Client Vulnerability Exploitation: Significantly reduces the risk.
      • Zero-Day Exploits: Moderately reduces the risk.

    • Currently Implemented:

      • Enable Automatic Updates: Partially implemented.
      • Manual Updates (If Necessary): Not implemented.
      • Monitor Release Notes: Not implemented.
      • Centralized Management (If Possible): Not implemented.

    • Missing Implementation:

      • Enable Automatic Updates: Enable on all devices where possible.
      • Manual Updates (If Necessary): Establish a process.
      • Monitor Release Notes: Implement monitoring.
      • Centralized Management (If Possible): Explore options.