Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
103 lines (78 loc) · 11.3 KB

attack-tree.md

File metadata and controls

103 lines (78 loc) · 11.3 KB

Attack Tree Analysis for cefsharp/cefsharp

Objective: Compromise Application Using CEFSharp

Attack Tree Visualization

CRITICAL NODE Compromise Application Using CEFSharp ├── OR │ ├── CRITICAL NODE Exploit Chromium Vulnerabilities (Underlying CEF) HIGH-RISK PATH START │ │ ├── CRITICAL NODE Outdated Chromium Version Vulnerabilities HIGH-RISK PATH CONTINUES │ │ │ └── AND │ │ │ ├── Application Uses Vulnerable CEFSharp Version │ │ │ └── Exploit Known Public Vulnerabilities in that Chromium Version HIGH-RISK PATH ENDS │ ├── CRITICAL NODE Application Integration Vulnerabilities (Misuse of CEFSharp) HIGH-RISK PATH START │ │ ├── OR │ │ │ ├── CRITICAL NODE Insecure URL Loading Practices HIGH-RISK PATH CONTINUES │ │ │ │ └── AND │ │ │ │ ├── Application Loads Untrusted or User-Controlled URLs Directly into CEFSharp Browser │ │ │ │ └── Attacker Provides Malicious URL to Trigger Chromium or Application Vulnerabilities HIGH-RISK PATH ENDS │ │ │ ├── CRITICAL NODE JavaScript Injection Vulnerabilities via Application Logic HIGH-RISK PATH START │ │ │ │ └── AND │ │ │ │ ├── Application Injects User-Controlled Data into Web Pages Loaded in CEFSharp without Proper Sanitization │ │ │ │ └── Attacker Injects Malicious JavaScript to Perform Actions within the Application Context or Exfiltrate Data HIGH-RISK PATH ENDS │ │ │ ├── CRITICAL NODE Exposed .NET Functionality via JavaScript Bindings (Overly Permissive) HIGH-RISK PATH START │ │ │ │ └── AND │ │ │ │ ├── Application Exposes Sensitive .NET Functionality to JavaScript via CEFSharp Binding │ │ │ │ └── Attacker Exploits JavaScript to Access and Abuse these Exposed .NET Functions HIGH-RISK PATH ENDS │ ├── CRITICAL NODE Configuration and Deployment Vulnerabilities HIGH-RISK PATH START │ │ ├── OR │ │ │ ├── CRITICAL NODE Running CEFSharp with Reduced Security Sandbox HIGH-RISK PATH CONTINUES │ │ │ │ └── AND │ │ │ │ ├── Application Disables or Weakens Chromium Sandbox for Performance or Compatibility Reasons │ │ │ │ └── Exploits in Renderer Process Have Greater Impact due to Weakened Sandbox HIGH-RISK PATH ENDS │ │ │ ├── CRITICAL NODE Lack of Updates and Patching HIGH-RISK PATH START │ │ │ │ └── AND │ │ │ │ ├── Application Does Not Regularly Update CEFSharp and Chromium Components HIGH-RISK PATH CONTINUES │ │ │ │ └── Remains Vulnerable to Publicly Known Exploits in Outdated Versions HIGH-RISK PATH ENDS

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: Compromise Application Using CEFSharp

  • Attack Vectors: This is the root goal. All subsequent points are attack vectors leading to this compromise.

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: Exploit Chromium Vulnerabilities (Underlying CEF)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities: Exploiting buffer overflows, use-after-free, or other memory safety issues in Chromium's C++ code. Attackers craft malicious web content (HTML, JavaScript, images, media files) to trigger these vulnerabilities. Successful exploitation leads to arbitrary code execution within the Chromium renderer process.
    • Logic Bugs in Rendering Engine or JavaScript Engine (V8): Discovering and exploiting logical flaws in how Chromium renders web pages or executes JavaScript. Attackers craft specific web pages to trigger unexpected behavior, potentially leading to sandbox escape or application crashes, or in more severe cases, code execution.
    • Outdated Chromium Version Vulnerabilities: Exploiting publicly known vulnerabilities in older versions of Chromium that are present in outdated CEFSharp versions. Attackers leverage readily available exploit code for known Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs).

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: Outdated Chromium Version Vulnerabilities (HIGH-RISK PATH)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Application Uses Vulnerable CEFSharp Version: The application development team fails to regularly update CEFSharp to the latest stable version.
    • Exploit Known Public Vulnerabilities in that Chromium Version: Attackers identify the CEFSharp version used by the application and check for known vulnerabilities (CVEs) associated with the bundled Chromium version. Publicly available exploits are then used to target the application. This is a high-risk path because it's easy to exploit if updates are neglected.

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: Application Integration Vulnerabilities (Misuse of CEFSharp)

  • Attack Vectors: These vulnerabilities arise from how the application uses CEFSharp, rather than flaws within CEFSharp itself.
    • Insecure URL Loading Practices: Loading URLs from untrusted sources or user input directly into the CEFSharp browser without proper validation and sanitization.
    • JavaScript Injection Vulnerabilities via Application Logic: Injecting user-controlled data into web pages loaded in CEFSharp without proper encoding or sanitization, leading to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities within the application's context.
    • Exposed .NET Functionality via JavaScript Bindings (Overly Permissive): Exposing sensitive or unnecessary .NET functions to JavaScript through CEFSharp's binding mechanism, creating an attack surface where JavaScript code can directly interact with and potentially abuse backend application logic.

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: Insecure URL Loading Practices (HIGH-RISK PATH)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Application Loads Untrusted or User-Controlled URLs Directly into CEFSharp Browser: The application code directly loads URLs provided by users or from external, potentially malicious sources without proper validation or sanitization.
    • Attacker Provides Malicious URL to Trigger Chromium or Application Vulnerabilities: Attackers provide crafted URLs designed to exploit known Chromium vulnerabilities or application-specific weaknesses when loaded by CEFSharp. This could be via phishing, malicious links, or compromised websites.

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: JavaScript Injection Vulnerabilities via Application Logic (HIGH-RISK PATH)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Application Injects User-Controlled Data into Web Pages Loaded in CEFSharp without Proper Sanitization: The application dynamically generates web pages and includes user-provided data (e.g., usernames, comments, settings) directly into the HTML or JavaScript without proper encoding or escaping.
    • Attacker Injects Malicious JavaScript to Perform Actions within the Application Context or Exfiltrate Data: Attackers inject malicious JavaScript code through the unsanitized user data. This JavaScript can then execute within the CEFSharp browser, potentially allowing them to:
      • Exfiltrate sensitive data from the application's web context or local storage.
      • Perform actions on behalf of the user within the application.
      • Potentially interact with exposed .NET bindings if available.

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: Exposed .NET Functionality via JavaScript Bindings (Overly Permissive) (HIGH-RISK PATH)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Application Exposes Sensitive .NET Functionality to JavaScript via CEFSharp Binding: Developers expose .NET methods or properties to JavaScript that provide access to sensitive operations, data, or system resources. This might include functions to access files, databases, system commands, or internal application logic.
    • Attacker Exploits JavaScript to Access and Abuse these Exposed .NET Functions: Attackers leverage JavaScript code running within CEFSharp to call the exposed .NET functions in unintended or malicious ways. This could lead to data breaches, unauthorized actions, or even remote code execution on the application's backend.

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: Configuration and Deployment Vulnerabilities

  • Attack Vectors: Vulnerabilities arising from improper configuration or deployment of the application and CEFSharp.
    • Running CEFSharp with Reduced Security Sandbox: Disabling or weakening the Chromium sandbox for performance or compatibility reasons.
    • Insecure Deployment Practices (e.g., DLL Hijacking): Deployment processes that are vulnerable to DLL hijacking or similar attacks, allowing attackers to replace legitimate CEFSharp DLLs with malicious ones.
    • Lack of Updates and Patching: Failure to regularly update CEFSharp and its Chromium components, leaving the application vulnerable to known exploits.

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: Running CEFSharp with Reduced Security Sandbox (HIGH-RISK PATH)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Application Disables or Weakens Chromium Sandbox for Performance or Compatibility Reasons: Developers intentionally or unintentionally disable or weaken the Chromium sandbox to improve performance, resolve compatibility issues, or due to misunderstanding of its security importance.
    • Exploits in Renderer Process Have Greater Impact due to Weakened Sandbox: If the sandbox is weakened or disabled, vulnerabilities exploited in the renderer process can have a much greater impact. Instead of being contained within the sandbox, successful exploits can lead to code execution with the privileges of the application process, potentially compromising the entire application or even the host system.

Attack Tree Path: CRITICAL NODE: Lack of Updates and Patching (HIGH-RISK PATH)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Application Does Not Regularly Update CEFSharp and Chromium Components: The application development team lacks a process for regularly updating CEFSharp and its bundled Chromium version.
    • Remains Vulnerable to Publicly Known Exploits in Outdated Versions: As a result of neglecting updates, the application remains vulnerable to publicly disclosed security vulnerabilities in the outdated Chromium version. Attackers can easily find and exploit these known vulnerabilities.