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Mitigation Strategies Analysis for dotnet/efcore

Mitigation Strategy: Prioritize LINQ to Entities and Safe Raw SQL Usage

Description: 1. Review Existing Code: Examine all database interactions. Identify all instances of FromSqlRaw, ExecuteSqlRaw, and any custom SQL query generation. 2. Refactor to LINQ: Convert FromSqlRaw and ExecuteSqlRaw calls to equivalent LINQ to Entities expressions whenever possible. Use EF Core's LINQ methods (Where, Select, Join, OrderBy, etc.). 3. Use FromSqlInterpolated / ExecuteSqlInterpolated: If raw SQL is unavoidable, replace FromSqlRaw with FromSqlInterpolated and ExecuteSqlRaw with ExecuteSqlInterpolated. Use C# string interpolation for parameters. 4. Code Reviews: Enforce code reviews that specifically check for safe SQL usage within EF Core.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • SQL Injection (Severity: Critical): Direct injection of malicious SQL code.
    • Data Modification (Severity: High): If SQL injection modifies data.
    • Data Exfiltration (Severity: High): If SQL injection reads data.

  • Impact:

    • SQL Injection: Risk significantly reduced (from Critical to Low/Negligible) if LINQ to Entities is used consistently and FromSqlInterpolated is used correctly.
    • Data Modification/Exfiltration: Risk reduced proportionally to the reduction in SQL injection risk.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

  • Missing Implementation:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

Mitigation Strategy: Implement Eager Loading and Projections (EF Core Methods)

Description: 1. Identify N+1 Problems: Use EF Core logging or database profiling to find N+1 query issues. 2. Use Include and ThenInclude: Refactor queries to use EF Core's Include and ThenInclude methods to load related entities in a single query. 3. Use Select for Projections: Use EF Core's Select method to retrieve only the necessary columns, creating anonymous types or DTOs. 4. Review Query Performance: Regularly monitor query performance using EF Core logging.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Denial of Service (DoS) (Severity: Medium/High): Inefficient queries can overload the database.
    • Performance Degradation (Severity: Medium): Slow queries impact responsiveness.

  • Impact:

    • DoS: Risk significantly reduced by eliminating N+1 problems.
    • Performance Degradation: Significant performance improvements.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

  • Missing Implementation:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

Mitigation Strategy: Utilize AsNoTracking for Read-Only Operations (EF Core Method)

Description: 1. Identify Read-Only Queries: Find queries where data is only read, not modified. 2. Append AsNoTracking(): Add .AsNoTracking() to the end of these LINQ queries before materializing (e.g., before ToList()). 3. Code Reviews: Ensure AsNoTracking() is used correctly and not on queries where entities will be modified.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Performance Degradation (Severity: Low/Medium): Reduces memory overhead.
    • Unintended Data Modification (Severity: Low): Reduces risk of accidental modifications.

  • Impact:

    • Performance Degradation: Moderate performance improvement.
    • Unintended Data Modification: Small but helpful risk reduction.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

  • Missing Implementation:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

Mitigation Strategy: Implement Pagination (EF Core Methods)

Description: 1. Identify Large Result Sets: Find queries that could return many results. 2. Implement Skip() and Take(): Use EF Core's Skip() and Take() methods in your LINQ queries to retrieve data in pages. 3. Default Page Size: Set a reasonable default page size.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Denial of Service (DoS) (Severity: Medium/High): Prevents loading huge datasets.
    • Performance Degradation (Severity: Medium): Improves performance.

  • Impact:

    • DoS: Significant risk reduction.
    • Performance Degradation: Significant performance improvement.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

  • Missing Implementation:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

Mitigation Strategy: Avoid Client-Side Evaluation (EF Core Behavior)

Description: 1. Review LINQ Queries: Examine LINQ queries for custom functions and complex logic. 2. EF Core Logging: Enable EF Core logging to see generated SQL and warnings about client-side evaluation. 3. Refactor for Server-Side Evaluation: Rewrite queries to use built-in EF Core methods and ensure all data is available server-side. 4. Test Thoroughly: Test queries after refactoring.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Denial of Service (DoS) (Severity: Medium): Client-side evaluation can load large datasets into memory.
    • Performance Degradation (Severity: Medium): Client-side evaluation is slower.

  • Impact:

    • DoS: Significant risk reduction.
    • Performance Degradation: Significant performance improvement.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

  • Missing Implementation:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

Mitigation Strategy: Configure Logging to Exclude Sensitive Data (EF Core Configuration)

Description: 1. Review Logging Configuration: Examine your EF Core logging setup. 2. Adjust Log Level: Set an appropriate log level (e.g., Information, Warning). 3. Customize Logging: Use EF Core's logging API to filter out sensitive data, potentially suppressing parameter values in logged SQL.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Sensitive Data Exposure (Severity: High): Prevents sensitive data from being logged.

  • Impact:

    • Sensitive Data Exposure: Significant risk reduction.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

  • Missing Implementation:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

Mitigation Strategy: Explicitly Specify Updatable Properties (EF Core Change Tracking)

Description: 1. Avoid Update(entity) with Untrusted Data: Do not use context.Update(entity) with data directly from user input. 2. Load Entity, Then Update: Load the existing entity from the database, then update only the specific properties that should change. 3. Use Attach and Set Modified Properties: Alternatively, use context.Attach(entity) and set the IsModified flag for changed properties. 4. Code Reviews: Enforce code reviews for safe update practices.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Over-Posting/Mass Assignment (Severity: Medium/High): Prevents unintended property modifications.

  • Impact:

    • Over-Posting/Mass Assignment: Reduces the risk of unintended modifications.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

  • Missing Implementation:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

Mitigation Strategy: Concurrency Handling (EF Core Feature)

Description: 1. Identify Concurrent Access: Find areas where multiple users might modify the same data. 2. Choose a Concurrency Strategy: Use EF Core's optimistic concurrency. 3. Implement Optimistic Concurrency: * Add a concurrency token (e.g., RowVersion column). * Handle DbUpdateConcurrencyException: Catch this exception in your SaveChanges calls. * Implement a Resolution Strategy (Retry, Inform User, Merge). 4. Test Thoroughly: Test with multiple concurrent users.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Data Loss (Severity: Medium/High): Prevents lost updates.
    • Data Corruption (Severity: High): Prevents inconsistent data.

  • Impact:

    • Data Loss/Corruption: Significantly reduces the risk.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)

  • Missing Implementation:

    • (Replace with your project's specifics)