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Attack Tree Analysis for dotnet/maui

Objective: To gain unauthorized access to sensitive user data or execute arbitrary code on the user's device through a vulnerability in the .NET MAUI framework or its implementation.

Attack Tree Visualization

                                     [Attacker's Goal: Gain Unauthorized Access to Data or Execute Arbitrary Code]
                                                        |
                                     ===================================================
                                     ||                                                 ||
                      [Exploit MAUI Platform-Specific Bridges]        [Exploit MAUI Framework Vulnerabilities]
                                     ||                                                 ||
                      ===================================               ------------------------
                      ||                 ||                 ||               |                      |
[Android Bridge] [iOS Bridge]                                   [Handler/Renderer]        [Navigation]
                      ||                 ||                                   |                      |
      =====================       =====================                ---------              ---------
      ||                   ||       ||                   ||                |                      |
[**Intent**   [**Custom URL**  [**Deep**  [**Custom URL**  [**URI Scheme**     [Custom             [**Deep**
 **Redirection**]  **Scheme**]   **Linking**] **Scheme**]       **Handling**]      Renderer]           **Linking**]
      ||                   ||       ||                   ||                |                      ||
[**Bypass**    [**Hijack**      [**Bypass**  [**Hijack**      [**Intercept**     [Exploit            [**Hijack**
**Auth,**     **App,**         **Auth,**   **App,**         **URI,**           Weak-                **Nav.**
**Access**    **Steal**        **Access**  **Steal**        **Manip.**         nesses,             **Flow,**
**Data**]     **Data**]        **Data**]   **Data**]        **Data**]          **RCE**]             **RCE**]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit MAUI Platform-Specific Bridges:

  • Android Bridge:

    • Intent Redirection:

      • Description: An attacker crafts a malicious Android Intent that targets the MAUI application. If the application doesn't properly validate the incoming Intent, it might perform unintended actions, leak sensitive data, or grant the attacker unauthorized access.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium

    • Custom URL Scheme (Android):

      • Description: The MAUI app registers a custom URL scheme (e.g., myapp://). An attacker crafts a malicious URL using this scheme and tricks the user into opening it (e.g., via a phishing link). If the app doesn't validate the URL parameters, it could lead to unauthorized actions or data leakage.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium

    • Deep Linking (Android):

      • Description: Similar to Custom URL Scheme, but using Android App Links or other deep linking mechanisms. Improper validation of deep link parameters can lead to vulnerabilities.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium

  • iOS Bridge:

    • Custom URL Scheme Handling (iOS):

      • Description: Similar to Android's custom URL scheme vulnerability. The MAUI app registers a custom URL scheme, and an attacker crafts a malicious URL to exploit it.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium

    • URI Scheme Handling (iOS):

      • Description: Similar to Custom URL Scheme, but using registered URI schemes.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium

    • Deep Linking (iOS):

      • Description: Similar to Android, but using Universal Links or other iOS deep linking mechanisms. Improper validation can lead to vulnerabilities.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: High
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit MAUI Framework Vulnerabilities:

* **Handler/Renderer Vulnerabilities:**
    * **Custom Renderer:**
        * **Description:** If the MAUI application uses custom Renderers (to customize the appearance or behavior of UI elements), vulnerabilities in the custom Renderer code could be exploited. This often involves crossing the boundary between managed (.NET) and unmanaged (native) code, making it a higher-risk area.
        *   **Likelihood:** Medium
        *   **Impact:** High
        *   **Effort:** Medium
        *   **Skill Level:** Advanced
        *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium
* **Navigation Vulnerabilities:**
    * **Deep Linking (Cross-Platform):**
        * **Description:** This refers to vulnerabilities in the MAUI application's *own* handling of deep links, *separate* from the platform-specific bridge vulnerabilities.  If the app doesn't properly validate deep link parameters *within its .NET code*, it could lead to unauthorized access or other issues.
        *   **Likelihood:** Medium
        *   **Impact:** High
        *   **Effort:** Low
        *   **Skill Level:** Intermediate
        *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium