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sec-design.md

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Okay, let's create a design document for the IdentityServer4 project.

BUSINESS POSTURE

IdentityServer4 is a widely used OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 framework for ASP.NET Core. It's designed to provide a centralized authentication and authorization service for web applications, APIs, and mobile apps.

Priorities:

  • Provide a standards-compliant and secure implementation of OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0.
  • Enable single sign-on (SSO) across multiple applications.
  • Protect APIs and resources with access tokens.
  • Offer extensibility to accommodate various authentication and authorization scenarios.
  • Maintain a high level of security and protect user data.
  • Provide good developer experience.

Goals:

  • Become the go-to solution for implementing OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 in ASP.NET Core applications.
  • Maintain a strong community and ecosystem.
  • Continuously improve security and performance.

Business Risks:

  • Vulnerabilities in the framework could lead to unauthorized access to applications and user data.
  • Incorrect implementation or configuration by developers could expose security flaws.
  • Lack of maintenance or updates could make the framework vulnerable to new threats.
  • Competition from other identity providers could reduce adoption.
  • Failure to comply with relevant regulations (e.g., GDPR) could result in legal and financial penalties.

SECURITY POSTURE

Existing Security Controls:

  • security control: Implements industry-standard protocols (OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0) with built-in security features. (Described in the official specification of those protocols and implemented in the code).
  • security control: Supports various grant types, including authorization code flow with PKCE, client credentials, and resource owner password credentials (with appropriate warnings). (Described in documentation and implemented in the code).
  • security control: Provides mechanisms for token validation and revocation. (Described in documentation and implemented in the code).
  • security control: Allows configuration of allowed scopes and claims. (Described in documentation and implemented in the code).
  • security control: Supports HTTPS for secure communication. (Described in documentation and implemented in the code).
  • security control: Offers options for signing and encrypting tokens. (Described in documentation and implemented in the code).
  • security control: Provides extensibility points for custom security logic. (Described in documentation and implemented in the code).
  • security control: Regular security audits and penetration testing (assumed, but should be explicitly stated in the project's security documentation).
  • security control: Dependency management to address vulnerabilities in third-party libraries. (Visible in the project's dependency files).

Accepted Risks:

  • accepted risk: Reliance on developers to correctly configure and use the framework.
  • accepted risk: Potential for vulnerabilities in third-party libraries used by IdentityServer4.
  • accepted risk: The framework itself is no longer actively maintained (since 2022), increasing the risk of unpatched vulnerabilities over time.

Recommended Security Controls:

  • security control: Implement a robust vulnerability disclosure program.
  • security control: Provide clear and comprehensive security guidance for developers.
  • security control: Conduct regular security training for the development team.
  • security control: Integrate static and dynamic application security testing (SAST and DAST) into the CI/CD pipeline.
  • security control: Implement a Content Security Policy (CSP) to mitigate XSS attacks.
  • security control: Implement robust logging and monitoring to detect and respond to security incidents.

Security Requirements:

  • Authentication:
    • Support for multi-factor authentication (MFA).
    • Secure storage of user credentials (e.g., using hashing and salting).
    • Protection against brute-force attacks.
    • Account lockout mechanisms.
  • Authorization:
    • Fine-grained access control based on roles and permissions.
    • Support for different authorization models (e.g., RBAC, ABAC).
    • Secure handling of authorization codes and access tokens.
  • Input Validation:
    • Validation of all user inputs to prevent injection attacks (e.g., SQL injection, XSS).
    • Strict validation of redirect URIs.
    • Enforcement of input length and format restrictions.
  • Cryptography:
    • Use of strong, industry-standard cryptographic algorithms.
    • Secure key management practices.
    • Protection of sensitive data in transit and at rest.
    • Regular review and update of cryptographic configurations.

DESIGN

C4 CONTEXT

graph LR
    subgraph IdentityServer4 Context
        A[User] --> B(IdentityServer4 Project)
        B --> C(Applications)
        B --> D(External Identity Providers)
        B --> E(APIs)
    end
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Element Descriptions:

  • Element:

    • Name: User
    • Type: Person
    • Description: A person who interacts with applications and APIs secured by IdentityServer4.
    • Responsibilities: Authenticates with IdentityServer4, grants consent for applications to access resources.
    • Security controls: Strong passwords, MFA (if enabled).

  • Element:

    • Name: IdentityServer4 Project
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: The OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 framework.
    • Responsibilities: Issues and validates tokens, manages user authentication and authorization, provides endpoints for OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 flows.
    • Security controls: Implements OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 specifications, token validation, HTTPS, signing and encryption of tokens.

  • Element:

    • Name: Applications
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: Web applications, mobile apps, or SPAs that rely on IdentityServer4 for authentication and authorization.
    • Responsibilities: Redirects users to IdentityServer4 for login, requests tokens, uses tokens to access APIs.
    • Security controls: Securely stores client secrets, validates tokens, uses HTTPS.

  • Element:

    • Name: External Identity Providers
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: Third-party identity providers (e.g., Google, Facebook) that IdentityServer4 can integrate with.
    • Responsibilities: Authenticates users, provides user information to IdentityServer4.
    • Security controls: Implements secure authentication protocols (e.g., OpenID Connect, SAML).

  • Element:

    • Name: APIs
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: APIs that are protected by IdentityServer4.
    • Responsibilities: Provides access to resources based on valid access tokens.
    • Security controls: Validates access tokens, enforces authorization policies.

C4 CONTAINER

graph LR
    subgraph IdentityServer4 Containers
        A[User] --> B(Web App - ASP.NET Core)
        B --> C(IdentityServer4 - ASP.NET Core)
        C --> D(Database - User Store)
        C --> E(Database - Configuration Store)
        C --> F(External Identity Providers)
        B --> G(APIs)
        G -.-> H(API - Resource Server)
    end
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Element Descriptions:

  • Element:

    • Name: User
    • Type: Person
    • Description: A person who interacts with the web application.
    • Responsibilities: Authenticates with IdentityServer4, grants consent.
    • Security controls: Strong passwords, MFA (if enabled).

  • Element:

    • Name: Web App - ASP.NET Core
    • Type: Web Application
    • Description: The client application that uses IdentityServer4.
    • Responsibilities: Initiates authentication requests, handles redirects, receives and validates tokens.
    • Security controls: Securely stores client secrets, validates tokens, uses HTTPS.

  • Element:

    • Name: IdentityServer4 - ASP.NET Core
    • Type: Web Application
    • Description: The IdentityServer4 implementation running on ASP.NET Core.
    • Responsibilities: Handles OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 flows, issues and validates tokens, manages user sessions.
    • Security controls: Implements OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 specifications, token validation, HTTPS, signing and encryption of tokens.

  • Element:

    • Name: Database - User Store
    • Type: Database
    • Description: Stores user information (e.g., usernames, passwords, claims).
    • Responsibilities: Provides user data for authentication and authorization.
    • Security controls: Secure storage of credentials (hashing, salting), access control, encryption at rest (if applicable).

  • Element:

    • Name: Database - Configuration Store
    • Type: Database
    • Description: Stores IdentityServer4 configuration data (e.g., clients, scopes, resources).
    • Responsibilities: Provides configuration data for IdentityServer4.
    • Security controls: Access control, encryption at rest (if applicable).

  • Element:

    • Name: External Identity Providers
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: Third-party identity providers.
    • Responsibilities: Authenticates users, provides user information.
    • Security controls: Implements secure authentication protocols.

  • Element:

    • Name: APIs
    • Type: Web Application
    • Description: The client application that uses IdentityServer4.
    • Responsibilities: Initiates authentication requests, handles redirects, receives and validates tokens.
    • Security controls: Securely stores client secrets, validates tokens, uses HTTPS.

  • Element:

    • Name: API - Resource Server
    • Type: Web API
    • Description: An API protected by IdentityServer4.
    • Responsibilities: Validates access tokens, provides access to resources.
    • Security controls: Token validation, authorization policies.

DEPLOYMENT

Possible Deployment Solutions:

  1. Standalone deployment on a virtual machine or physical server.
  2. Deployment to a container orchestration platform (e.g., Kubernetes, Docker Swarm).
  3. Deployment to a cloud platform's PaaS offering (e.g., Azure App Service, AWS Elastic Beanstalk).

Chosen Solution (for detailed description): Deployment to Kubernetes.

graph LR
    subgraph Kubernetes Cluster
        A[Ingress Controller] --> B(IdentityServer4 Service)
        B --> C(IdentityServer4 Pod - Replica 1)
        B --> D(IdentityServer4 Pod - Replica 2)
        C --> E(Database Pod - User Store)
        C --> F(Database Pod - Configuration Store)
        D --> E
        D --> F
    end
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Element Descriptions:

  • Element:

    • Name: Ingress Controller
    • Type: Load Balancer
    • Description: Exposes the IdentityServer4 service to external traffic.
    • Responsibilities: Routes incoming requests to the IdentityServer4 service.
    • Security controls: TLS termination, potentially a Web Application Firewall (WAF).

  • Element:

    • Name: IdentityServer4 Service
    • Type: Kubernetes Service
    • Description: A Kubernetes service that provides a stable endpoint for accessing the IdentityServer4 pods.
    • Responsibilities: Load balances traffic across the IdentityServer4 pods.
    • Security controls: Network policies to restrict traffic.

  • Element:

    • Name: IdentityServer4 Pod - Replica 1 & 2
    • Type: Container
    • Description: A pod running the IdentityServer4 application container. Multiple replicas provide high availability.
    • Responsibilities: Handles OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 flows, issues and validates tokens.
    • Security controls: Container image security scanning, least privilege principle, resource limits.

  • Element:

    • Name: Database Pod - User Store
    • Type: Container
    • Description: A pod running the database for user information.
    • Responsibilities: Stores and retrieves user data.
    • Security controls: Database security best practices (e.g., strong passwords, encryption, access control).

  • Element:

    • Name: Database Pod - Configuration Store
    • Type: Container
    • Description: A pod running the database for IdentityServer4 configuration.
    • Responsibilities: Stores and retrieves configuration data.
    • Security controls: Database security best practices.

BUILD

The build process for IdentityServer4 involves compiling the source code, running tests, and packaging the application for deployment. Since IdentityServer4 is open-source and hosted on GitHub, it likely uses GitHub Actions for CI/CD.

graph LR
    A[Developer] --> B(GitHub Repository)
    B --> C(GitHub Actions Workflow)
    C --> D(Build Server)
    D --> E(Compile Code)
    E --> F(Run Tests)
    F --> G(Package Application)
    G --> H(Publish Artifacts)
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Security Controls in the Build Process:

  • security control: Code review: All code changes are reviewed by other developers before merging. (GitHub Pull Requests).
  • security control: Static analysis: SAST tools (e.g., SonarQube) are used to identify potential security vulnerabilities in the code. (Can be integrated into GitHub Actions).
  • security control: Dependency scanning: Tools like Dependabot are used to identify and update vulnerable dependencies. (GitHub feature).
  • security control: Automated testing: Unit and integration tests are run to ensure code quality and prevent regressions. (GitHub Actions).
  • security control: Build automation: The entire build process is automated using GitHub Actions, reducing the risk of manual errors.
  • security control: Artifact signing: Build artifacts (e.g., NuGet packages) can be signed to ensure their integrity.

RISK ASSESSMENT

Critical Business Processes:

  • User authentication and authorization.
  • Single sign-on (SSO) across applications.
  • API protection.
  • Management of user identities and access.

Data Sensitivity:

  • User credentials (usernames, passwords, etc.): Highly sensitive.
  • Personally Identifiable Information (PII): Sensitive, subject to regulations like GDPR.
  • Access tokens and refresh tokens: Highly sensitive, as they grant access to resources.
  • Client secrets: Highly sensitive, as they authenticate applications.
  • Configuration data (clients, scopes, resources): Moderately sensitive, as it defines the security policies.

QUESTIONS & ASSUMPTIONS

Questions:

  • What specific security audits and penetration tests have been conducted on IdentityServer4?
  • What is the process for handling security vulnerabilities reported by the community?
  • What are the specific cryptographic algorithms and key management practices used?
  • Are there any specific compliance requirements (e.g., HIPAA, PCI DSS) that need to be considered?
  • What monitoring and logging capabilities are in place to detect and respond to security incidents?
  • What is the disaster recovery plan for IdentityServer4?

Assumptions:

  • BUSINESS POSTURE: The organization deploying IdentityServer4 has a basic understanding of security best practices.
  • SECURITY POSTURE: The underlying infrastructure (e.g., operating systems, databases) is properly secured.
  • DESIGN: Developers will follow secure coding practices when integrating with IdentityServer4.
  • DESIGN: The deployment environment will be configured with appropriate network security controls.
  • DESIGN: Regular backups of the databases will be performed.
  • DESIGN: IdentityServer4 is no longer actively maintained.