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threat-modeling.md

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Threat Model Analysis for nuget/nuget.client

Threat: Malicious Package Masquerading as Legitimate

  • Threat: Malicious Package Masquerading as Legitimate

    • Description: An attacker creates a package with a name similar to a popular, legitimate package or uses a legitimate name but a compromised version. The attacker uploads this to a public or compromised private feed, using techniques like typosquatting to trick developers. NuGet.Client is then used to install this malicious package.
    • Impact: Execution of arbitrary code, data exfiltration, system compromise, installation of malware, denial of service.
    • Affected NuGet.Client Component: PackageSource, PackageRepository, InstallPackageAsync (and related installation methods). The core package resolution and installation logic is affected.
    • Risk Severity: Critical
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Package Source Mapping: Use Package Source Mapping.
      • Package Signing: Enforce package signature verification.
      • Package ID and Version Pinning: Explicitly specify the exact package ID and version.
      • Vulnerability Scanning: Use vulnerability scanners.

Threat: Dependency Confusion Attack

  • Threat: Dependency Confusion Attack

    • Description: An attacker publishes a malicious package to a public feed with the same name as an internal, private package. If NuGet.Client is misconfigured or prioritizes the public feed, it downloads the malicious package instead of the internal one.
    • Impact: Execution of arbitrary code, data exfiltration, system compromise, supply chain attack.
    • Affected NuGet.Client Component: PackageSource, PackageRepository, SourceRepositoryProvider, package resolution logic. The way sources are prioritized and packages are resolved is exploited.
    • Risk Severity: Critical
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Package Source Mapping: Crucially, use Package Source Mapping.
      • Private Feed Configuration: Ensure correct configuration and prioritization.

Threat: Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack on Package Download

  • Threat: Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack on Package Download

    • Description: An attacker intercepts network traffic between NuGet.Client and the feed. Even with HTTPS, this is possible with a compromised proxy, network control, or a trusted (compromised) certificate. The attacker modifies the downloaded package, injecting malicious code.
    • Impact: Execution of arbitrary code, system compromise, supply chain attack.
    • Affected NuGet.Client Component: HttpSource, DownloadResource, PackageDownloader. Components responsible for downloading package content are targeted.
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Strict HTTPS Enforcement: Ensure https:// and never disable certificate validation.
      • Package Hash Verification: NuGet.Client must verify the downloaded package's hash.
      • Strong TLS Configuration: Use strong TLS cipher suites and protocols.

Threat: Tampering with Local Package Cache

  • Threat: Tampering with Local Package Cache

    • Description: An attacker with access to the machine modifies cached packages in the NuGet cache, injecting malicious code. Subsequent installations/restores use the compromised packages.
    • Impact: Execution of arbitrary code, system compromise, supply chain attack (affecting subsequent builds).
    • Affected NuGet.Client Component: LocalPackageSource, GlobalPackagesFolder, FallbackPackagePathResolver. Components managing the local package cache are affected.
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • File System Permissions: Restrict access to the NuGet package cache directory.
      • Regular Cache Clearing: Periodically clear the NuGet package cache.

Threat: Exposure of API Keys in NuGet.config

  • Threat: Exposure of API Keys in NuGet.config

    • Description: NuGet.config files contain API keys/credentials for private feeds. An attacker gains access to these files (source code leaks, compromised machines, insecure CI/CD).
    • Impact: Unauthorized access to private feeds, potential for publishing malicious packages, data exfiltration.
    • Affected NuGet.Client Component: Settings, ConfigurationDefaults, NuGet.Configuration (the configuration system).
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Secure Credential Management: Never store credentials directly in NuGet.config.
      • Environment Variables: Use environment variables for API keys.
      • Secrets Management Solutions: Use a dedicated secrets management solution.

Threat: Outdated NuGet.Client version

  • Threat: Outdated NuGet.Client version

    • Description: The application is using an outdated version of the NuGet.Client library that contains known security vulnerabilities.
    • Impact: Exploitation of known vulnerabilities in the NuGet.Client itself, potentially leading to any of the other impacts listed above.
    • Affected NuGet.Client Component: The entire NuGet.Client library.
    • Risk Severity: High
    • Mitigation Strategies:
      • Regular Updates: Keep the NuGet.Client library up to date.
      • Dependency Management Tools: Use dependency management tools.
      • Vulnerability Scanning: Scan for known vulnerabilities.