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Attack Tree Analysis for adguardteam/adguardhome

Objective: To compromise the protected application by leveraging vulnerabilities or misconfigurations in AdGuard Home to bypass security controls, gain unauthorized access, or disrupt services.

Attack Tree Visualization

Attack Goal: Compromise Application via AdGuard Home

├───[OR]─ 1. Exploit AdGuard Home Directly [HIGH RISK PATH]
│       ├───[OR]─ 1.1. Web Interface Vulnerabilities [HIGH RISK PATH]
│       │       ├─── 1.1.1. Authentication Bypass [HIGH RISK PATH]
│       │       ├─── 1.1.3. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) [HIGH RISK PATH]
│       │       ├─── 1.1.4. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) [HIGH RISK PATH]
│       │       ├─── 1.1.7. Remote Code Execution (RCE) - [CRITICAL NODE, HIGH RISK PATH]

├───[OR]─ 2. Misconfiguration of AdGuard Home [HIGH RISK PATH]
│       ├─── 2.1. Weak Admin Credentials [CRITICAL NODE, HIGH RISK PATH]
│       ├─── 2.2. Publicly Exposed Admin Interface [HIGH RISK PATH]

├───[OR]─ 3. Indirect Attacks via AdGuard Home's Functionality [HIGH RISK PATH]
│       ├─── 3.1. Bypassing Application Security Controls via DNS Manipulation [HIGH RISK PATH]

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1. Authentication Bypass [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Insight: Enumerate common default credentials, brute-force weak passwords, exploit authentication flaws (if any). * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High (Admin Access) * Effort: Low to Medium * Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium * Action: Enforce strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, regular security audits.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.3. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Insight: Inject malicious scripts via vulnerable input fields to execute in admin's browser, potentially leading to session hijacking or further attacks. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Medium to High (Session Hijacking, Admin Actions) * Effort: Low to Medium * Skill Level: Beginner to Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium * Action: Implement strict input validation and output encoding, use Content Security Policy (CSP).

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.4. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Insight: Force authenticated admin to perform actions against their will (e.g., changing settings, disabling filters). * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Medium (Configuration changes, potential service disruption) * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Beginner * Detection Difficulty: Low to Medium * Action: Implement CSRF tokens, SameSite cookie attribute.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.7. Remote Code Execution (RCE) - [CRITICAL NODE, HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Insight: Exploit critical vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code on the AdGuard Home server. * Likelihood: Low * Impact: Critical (Full System Compromise) * Effort: High * Skill Level: Advanced * Detection Difficulty: Low to Medium * Action: Keep AdGuard Home updated, apply security patches promptly, conduct regular vulnerability scanning.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1. Weak Admin Credentials [CRITICAL NODE, HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Insight: Default or easily guessable admin passwords allow attackers to gain full control. * Likelihood: High * Impact: High (Admin Access) * Effort: Very Low * Skill Level: Beginner * Detection Difficulty: Low * Action: Enforce strong password policies, change default credentials immediately, consider password managers.

Attack Tree Path: 2.2. Publicly Exposed Admin Interface [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Insight: Admin interface accessible from the public internet increases attack surface. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Medium (Increased attack surface, facilitates other attacks) * Effort: Very Low * Skill Level: Beginner * Detection Difficulty: Low * Action: Restrict admin interface access to trusted networks (e.g., VPN, internal network), use firewall rules.

Attack Tree Path: 3.1. Bypassing Application Security Controls via DNS Manipulation [HIGH RISK PATH]

  • Insight: If the application relies on DNS-based security (e.g., domain whitelisting), an attacker who compromises AdGuard Home can manipulate DNS responses to bypass these controls. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Medium to High (Bypassing security controls, unauthorized access) * Effort: Medium * Skill Level: Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium to High * Action: Implement defense-in-depth, don't solely rely on DNS for critical security controls, use application-level security measures.