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Attack Tree Analysis for cockroachdb/cockroach

Objective: Compromise Application Data and/or Availability via CockroachDB Exploitation.

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Application via CockroachDB CRITICAL NODE

  • Access CockroachDB Unauthorized CRITICAL NODE
    • Exploit Authentication Bypass CRITICAL NODE
      • Exploit Weak or Default CockroachDB Credentials HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Attempt Default Credentials (if applicable, unlikely in production) HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Brute-force Weak Passwords (if applicable, unlikely with strong policies) HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Exploit Application-Level Authentication Bypass Leading to CockroachDB Access HIGH-RISK PATH
        • SQL Injection in Application to Bypass Application Authentication and Directly Access DB HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Application Logic Flaws Allowing Direct DB Access without Proper Authentication HIGH-RISK PATH
    • Exploit Authorization Bypass CRITICAL NODE
      • Exploit Application-Level Authorization Bypass Leading to Elevated DB Privileges HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Application Logic Flaws Allowing Unauthorized Data Access or Modification via DB HIGH-RISK PATH
    • Network-Based Access Exploitation CRITICAL NODE HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Exploit Unsecured CockroachDB Ports/Services HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Scan for Exposed CockroachDB Ports (e.g., 26257, 8080) HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Attempt to Connect to Exposed Ports without Proper Network Security (Firewall) HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Internal Network Compromise Leading to CockroachDB Access HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Compromise Internal Network to Gain Access to CockroachDB's Network Segment HIGH-RISK PATH
  • Exploit CockroachDB Vulnerabilities Directly CRITICAL NODE
    • Exploit Known CockroachDB Vulnerabilities (CVEs) - Code Execution/DoS/Data Breach HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Research Publicly Disclosed CVEs for CockroachDB Version in Use HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Execute Exploits to Achieve Code Execution, DoS, or Data Breach on CockroachDB HIGH-RISK PATH
    • Exploit SQL Injection Vulnerabilities (CockroachDB Specific) HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Identify SQL Injection Points in Application Queries Targeting CockroachDB HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Craft SQL Injection Payloads to Exploit CockroachDB-Specific SQL Dialect Features HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Leverage CockroachDB-Specific Functions or Syntax for Exploitation HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Achieve Data Exfiltration, Modification, or DoS via SQL Injection HIGH-RISK PATH
  • Denial of Service (DoS) CockroachDB CRITICAL NODE HIGH-RISK PATH
    • Resource Exhaustion DoS HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Query-Based DoS HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Craft Complex or Resource-Intensive SQL Queries HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Flood CockroachDB with Resource-Intensive Queries to Exhaust CPU, Memory, or Disk I/O HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Connection Exhaustion DoS HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Open a Large Number of Connections to CockroachDB to Exhaust Connection Limits HIGH-RISK PATH
    • Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Targeting CockroachDB Infrastructure HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Launch DDoS Attack Against CockroachDB Cluster's Network Infrastructure HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Overwhelm Network Bandwidth or CockroachDB Nodes with Traffic HIGH-RISK PATH
  • Data Manipulation & Integrity Compromise CRITICAL NODE HIGH-RISK PATH
    • Data Modification HIGH-RISK PATH
      • SQL Injection to Modify Data HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Use SQL Injection to Update, Insert, or Delete Data in CockroachDB HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Unauthorized Access to Modify Data (via Access Control Exploits) HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Leverage Access Control Exploits to Directly Modify Data HIGH-RISK PATH
    • Data Deletion HIGH-RISK PATH
      • SQL Injection to Delete Data HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Use SQL Injection to Drop Tables or Delete Data in CockroachDB HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Unauthorized Access to Delete Data (via Access Control Exploits) HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Leverage Access Control Exploits to Directly Delete Data HIGH-RISK PATH
    • Data Exfiltration HIGH-RISK PATH
      • SQL Injection to Exfiltrate Data HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Use SQL Injection to Extract Sensitive Data from CockroachDB HIGH-RISK PATH
      • Unauthorized Access to Exfiltrate Data (via Access Control Exploits) HIGH-RISK PATH
        • Leverage Access Control Exploits to Directly Access and Exfiltrate Data HIGH-RISK PATH

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Application via CockroachDB

This is the ultimate attacker goal. Success at this level means the application's security has been breached through the database layer.

Attack Tree Path: Access CockroachDB Unauthorized

Gaining unauthorized access to CockroachDB is a critical step for many attacks. It bypasses the intended security perimeter around the database.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Authentication Bypass

Circumventing CockroachDB's authentication mechanisms allows attackers to connect to the database without valid credentials.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Authorization Bypass

Bypassing CockroachDB's authorization controls allows attackers to perform actions they are not permitted to, even if they are authenticated.

Attack Tree Path: Network-Based Access Exploitation

Exploiting network vulnerabilities or misconfigurations to gain access to CockroachDB from unauthorized locations.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit CockroachDB Vulnerabilities Directly

Directly exploiting vulnerabilities within CockroachDB software itself, bypassing application-level controls.

Attack Tree Path: Denial of Service (DoS) CockroachDB

Disrupting the availability of CockroachDB, leading to application downtime and service disruption.

Attack Tree Path: Data Manipulation & Integrity Compromise

Altering, deleting, or exfiltrating data within CockroachDB, compromising data integrity and confidentiality.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Weak or Default CockroachDB Credentials

Attack Vector: Attackers attempt to use default credentials (if mistakenly left in place) or brute-force weak passwords to gain unauthorized access to CockroachDB. Mitigation: Enforce strong password policies, disable default accounts, implement account lockout mechanisms, and use multi-factor authentication if possible.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Application-Level Authentication Bypass Leading to CockroachDB Access

Attack Vector: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in the application's authentication logic (e.g., SQL Injection, logic flaws) to bypass application security and directly interact with CockroachDB without proper authentication. Mitigation: Implement secure coding practices, use parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection, conduct thorough security testing and code reviews of application authentication mechanisms.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Application-Level Authorization Bypass Leading to Elevated DB Privileges

Attack Vector: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in the application's authorization logic to gain elevated privileges within CockroachDB, allowing them to access or modify data they should not be able to. Mitigation: Implement robust application-level authorization checks, follow the principle of least privilege, conduct thorough security testing and code reviews of application authorization mechanisms.

Attack Tree Path: Network-Based Access Exploitation - Exploit Unsecured CockroachDB Ports/Services

Attack Vector: Attackers scan for and identify exposed CockroachDB ports (e.g., 26257, 8080) that are accessible from unauthorized networks. They then attempt to connect to these ports, potentially gaining direct access to CockroachDB services. Mitigation: Implement strong network segmentation and firewalls to restrict access to CockroachDB ports only from authorized sources (application servers, admin machines). Regularly audit firewall rules and network configurations.

Attack Tree Path: Network-Based Access Exploitation - Internal Network Compromise Leading to CockroachDB Access

Attack Vector: Attackers compromise the internal network where CockroachDB is located. Once inside the internal network, they can potentially access CockroachDB directly, bypassing external network security controls. Mitigation: Implement robust internal network security measures, including network segmentation, intrusion detection systems, and strong access controls within the internal network.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Known CockroachDB Vulnerabilities (CVEs) - Code Execution/DoS/Data Breach

Attack Vector: Attackers research publicly disclosed CVEs for the specific version of CockroachDB being used. They then develop or obtain exploits for these CVEs and execute them to achieve code execution, denial of service, or data breaches on the CockroachDB instance. Mitigation: Maintain a rigorous patching and update schedule for CockroachDB. Subscribe to security advisories and promptly apply patches for identified vulnerabilities. Implement vulnerability scanning and intrusion detection systems.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit SQL Injection Vulnerabilities (CockroachDB Specific)

Attack Vector: Attackers identify SQL injection vulnerabilities in application queries that target CockroachDB. They craft SQL injection payloads, potentially leveraging CockroachDB-specific SQL dialect features, to bypass security measures and achieve data exfiltration, modification, or denial of service. Mitigation: Implement robust input validation and sanitization at the application level. Use parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. Consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to detect and block SQL injection attempts.

Attack Tree Path: Denial of Service (DoS) CockroachDB - Resource Exhaustion DoS (Query-Based, Connection Exhaustion)

Attack Vector: Attackers flood CockroachDB with complex or resource-intensive SQL queries or open a large number of connections to exhaust database resources (CPU, memory, connections), leading to performance degradation or service disruption. Mitigation: Implement rate limiting and connection limits in CockroachDB. Optimize application queries to be efficient. Monitor database performance and resource usage. Implement input validation to prevent application-level vulnerabilities that could be exploited for query-based DoS.

Attack Tree Path: Denial of Service (DoS) CockroachDB - Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Targeting CockroachDB Infrastructure

Attack Vector: Attackers launch a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack against the network infrastructure hosting the CockroachDB cluster, overwhelming network bandwidth or CockroachDB nodes with malicious traffic, leading to service unavailability. Mitigation: Implement network-level DDoS protection mechanisms, such as cloud-based DDoS mitigation services. Ensure sufficient network bandwidth and infrastructure capacity to handle legitimate traffic spikes.

Attack Tree Path: Data Manipulation & Integrity Compromise - Data Modification, Deletion, Exfiltration via SQL Injection or Unauthorized Access

Attack Vector: Attackers leverage SQL injection vulnerabilities or unauthorized access gained through access control exploits to modify, delete, or exfiltrate sensitive data stored in CockroachDB. Mitigation: Implement all mitigations mentioned above for SQL injection and access control vulnerabilities. Additionally, implement data encryption at rest and in transit, regular data backups, data integrity checks, and monitoring for suspicious data access and modification patterns.