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Attack Tree Analysis for containers/podman

Objective: Compromise Application via Podman Exploitation

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Application via Podman Exploitation CRITICAL NODE ├───[OR]─ Exploit Podman API Vulnerabilities CRITICAL NODE [HIGH-RISK] │ ├───[OR]─ API Authentication/Authorization Bypass [HIGH-RISK] │ │ ├───[AND]─ Weak or Default Credentials [HIGH-RISK] │ ├───[OR]─ API Command Injection [HIGH-RISK] │ │ ├───[AND]─ Unsanitized Input to API Commands [HIGH-RISK] ├───[OR]─ Exploit Container Vulnerabilities via Podman CRITICAL NODE [HIGH-RISK] │ ├───[OR]─ Malicious Container Image [HIGH-RISK] │ │ ├───[AND]─ Pulling from Untrusted Registry [HIGH-RISK] │ │ ├───[AND]─ Compromised Base Image [HIGH-RISK] │ ├───[OR]─ Container Escape [HIGH-RISK] │ │ ├───[AND]─ Misconfigured Container Security Context [HIGH-RISK] ├───[OR]─ Exploit Host System Interaction via Podman CRITICAL NODE [HIGH-RISK] │ ├───[OR]─ Shared Volumes/Bind Mounts Exploitation [HIGH-RISK] │ │ ├───[AND]─ Insecure Permissions on Host Volumes [HIGH-RISK] │ ├───[OR]─ Network Exploitation via Container Networking [HIGH-RISK] │ │ ├───[AND]─ Misconfigured Container Networking [HIGH-RISK]

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Application via Podman Exploitation (Critical Node)

  • This is the overall goal and entry point for all high-risk attack paths. Successful compromise at any of the sub-nodes leads to achieving this goal.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Podman API Vulnerabilities (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • API Authentication/Authorization Bypass (High-Risk Path):
      • Weak or Default Credentials (High-Risk Path):
        • Action: Attempt to use default credentials or brute-force weak passwords to gain unauthorized access to the Podman API.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High (Full API Access)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Unsecured API Endpoint: (Although marked as Low Likelihood in full tree, unsecured endpoints are still a potential misconfiguration leading to bypass)
        • Action: Access API endpoints without any authentication due to misconfiguration.
        • Likelihood: Low (Configuration errors, but less common in production)
        • Impact: High (Full API Access)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Low
    • API Command Injection (High-Risk Path):
      • Unsanitized Input to API Commands (High-Risk Path):
        • Action: Inject malicious commands into API parameters (e.g., container name, image name) that are not properly sanitized by the Podman API.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High (Container compromise, potentially host compromise)
        • Effort: Low to Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Container Vulnerabilities via Podman (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Malicious Container Image (High-Risk Path):
      • Pulling from Untrusted Registry (High-Risk Path):
        • Action: Pull and run container images from untrusted or compromised registries that may contain malware or vulnerabilities.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High (Full container compromise, potential host compromise)
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Compromised Base Image (High-Risk Path):
        • Action: Utilize base container images that contain known vulnerabilities, which can be exploited after deployment.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High (Container compromise, potential host compromise)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low to Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Container Escape (High-Risk Path):
      • Misconfigured Container Security Context (High-Risk Path):
        • Action: Exploit overly permissive security configurations of containers, such as privileged mode or host namespace sharing, to escape the container and gain access to the host system.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High (Container escape, potentially host compromise)
        • Effort: Low to Medium
        • Skill Level: Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: Exploit Host System Interaction via Podman (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Attack Vectors:
    • Shared Volumes/Bind Mounts Exploitation (High-Risk Path):
      • Insecure Permissions on Host Volumes (High-Risk Path):
        • Action: Exploit weak permissions on host directories that are mounted as volumes into containers, allowing unauthorized access or modification of sensitive host files from within the container.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: High (Host file access, data breach, potential host compromise)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Network Exploitation via Container Networking (High-Risk Path):
      • Misconfigured Container Networking (High-Risk Path):
        • Action: Exploit overly permissive container networking configurations, such as using host networking mode, to gain direct access to host services or other containers on the same network, bypassing container network isolation.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: Medium to High (Access to host services, lateral movement to other containers)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Low to Medium
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium