Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
165 lines (122 loc) · 7.17 KB

mitigations.md

File metadata and controls

165 lines (122 loc) · 7.17 KB

Mitigation Strategies Analysis for etcd-io/etcd

Mitigation Strategy: TLS Encryption (Client-to-Server and Peer-to-Peer)

Mitigation Strategy: Enable TLS Encryption for all etcd communication.

Description:

  1. Generate Certificates:
    • Create a Certificate Authority (CA) key and certificate.
    • Generate server, client, and peer keys and certificates, signed by the CA.
    • Use strong key algorithms.
  2. Configure etcd: Start etcd with these flags:
    • --cert-file=<path_to_server_certificate>
    • --key-file=<path_to_server_key>
    • --trusted-ca-file=<path_to_ca_certificate>
    • --peer-cert-file=<path_to_peer_certificate>
    • --peer-key-file=<path_to_peer_key>
    • --peer-trusted-ca-file=<path_to_ca_certificate>
    • --client-cert-auth=true (for client certificate authentication)
  3. Configure Clients: etcd clients (e.g., etcdctl, application code) must use TLS:
    • Provide client certificate, key, and CA certificate.
    • Verify the server's certificate.
  4. Regularly Rotate Certificates: Rotate certificates before expiration.

Threats Mitigated:

  • Eavesdropping (High Severity): TLS prevents interception of unencrypted data.
  • Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks (High Severity): TLS verifies identities, preventing interception and modification.
  • Unauthorized Access (High Severity): Client certificate authentication (with TLS) prevents unauthorized connections.

Impact:

  • Eavesdropping: Risk reduced to near zero.
  • MITM Attacks: Risk reduced to near zero.
  • Unauthorized Access: Risk significantly reduced (with client cert auth).

Currently Implemented: [Placeholder]

Missing Implementation: [Placeholder]

Mitigation Strategy: Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Mitigation Strategy: Implement etcd's built-in RBAC.

Description:

  1. Enable RBAC: Start etcd with --auth-token=simple (or configure advanced authentication).
  2. Create Roles: etcdctl role add <role_name>
  3. Grant Permissions: etcdctl role grant-permission <role_name> <permission_type> <key> [<end_key>]
    • permission_type: read, write, readwrite.
    • Example: etcdctl role grant-permission app-read read /config/app/*
  4. Create Users: etcdctl user add <user_name>
  5. Assign Roles: etcdctl user grant-role <user_name> <role_name>
  6. Authenticate: Clients use etcdctl --user <user_name>:<password> ... or provide credentials in API requests.
  7. Regularly Audit: Review roles and permissions.

Threats Mitigated:

  • Unauthorized Access (High Severity): Limits user actions based on roles.
  • Privilege Escalation (High Severity): Prevents compromised accounts from gaining full access.
  • Data Modification/Deletion by Unauthorized Users (High Severity): Restricts write/delete operations.

Impact:

  • Unauthorized Access: Risk significantly reduced.
  • Privilege Escalation: Risk significantly reduced.
  • Data Modification/Deletion: Risk significantly reduced.

Currently Implemented: [Placeholder]

Missing Implementation: [Placeholder]

Mitigation Strategy: Authentication (Client Authentication)

Mitigation Strategy: Require client authentication.

Description:

  1. Choose Method:
    • TLS Client Certificates (Recommended): Use --client-cert-auth=true in etcd. Provide clients with signed certificates.
    • Username/Password: Use --auth-token=simple and etcdctl user add. Less secure.
  2. Configure Clients:
    • TLS Client Certificates: Clients provide certificate and key.
    • Username/Password: Clients provide username and password.
  3. Enforce Strong Passwords (if using username/password).
  4. Regularly Rotate Credentials.

Threats Mitigated:

  • Unauthorized Access (High Severity): Prevents unauthenticated connections.
  • Brute-Force Attacks (Medium Severity): Makes credential guessing harder.

Impact:

  • Unauthorized Access: Risk significantly reduced.
  • Brute-Force Attacks: Risk reduced (with strong passwords).

Currently Implemented: [Placeholder]

Missing Implementation: [Placeholder]

Mitigation Strategy: Resource Quotas

Mitigation Strategy: Set resource quotas to limit data storage.

Description:

  1. Determine Quota: Decide on a data store size limit (in bytes).
  2. Configure etcd: Start etcd with --quota-backend-bytes=<size_in_bytes>. Example: --quota-backend-bytes=8589934592 (8GB).
  3. Monitor: Use etcdctl endpoint status to check dbSize and dbSizeInUse.

Threats Mitigated:

  • Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks (Medium Severity): Prevents storage exhaustion.
  • Resource Exhaustion (Medium Severity): Prevents uncontrolled data growth.

Impact:

  • DoS Attacks: Risk reduced.
  • Resource Exhaustion: Risk reduced.

Currently Implemented: [Placeholder]

Missing Implementation: [Placeholder]

Mitigation Strategy: Regular Backups

Mitigation Strategy: Create regular backups of etcd data.

Description:

  1. Choose Method:
    • etcdctl snapshot save (Recommended): Creates consistent snapshots.
    • File System Snapshots (if supported, with consistency checks).
  2. Automate: Use a script or scheduler (e.g., cron).
  3. Secure Storage: Store backups securely and offsite. Encrypt if possible.
  4. Test Restoration: Regularly test with etcdctl snapshot restore.
  5. Retention Policy: Define how long to keep backups.

Threats Mitigated:

  • Data Loss (High Severity): Allows recovery from various failures.
  • Data Corruption (High Severity): Allows restoration to a clean state.

Impact:

  • Data Loss: Risk significantly reduced.
  • Data Corruption: Risk significantly reduced.

Currently Implemented: [Placeholder]

Missing Implementation: [Placeholder]

Mitigation Strategy: Multi-Member Cluster (High Availability)

Mitigation Strategy: Deploy etcd as a multi-member cluster.

Description:

  1. Cluster Size: Use an odd number of members (3, 5, 7).
  2. Configure Members:
    • Unique --name for each member.
    • Unique --initial-advertise-peer-urls for each member.
    • --initial-cluster to specify all members and peer addresses.
    • Ensure peer communication (default port 2380).
  3. Monitor: Use etcdctl endpoint health and etcdctl endpoint status.
  4. Test Failover: Simulate member failures.

Threats Mitigated:

  • Single Point of Failure (High Severity): Cluster survives member failures.
  • Downtime (High Severity): Reduces downtime due to failures.

Impact:

  • Single Point of Failure: Risk significantly reduced.
  • Downtime: Risk significantly reduced.

Currently Implemented: [Placeholder]

Missing Implementation: [Placeholder]