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Mitigation Strategies Analysis for go-gitea/gitea

Mitigation Strategy: Regular Permission Audits (Gitea-Specific)

  • Description:

    1. Schedule: Establish a recurring schedule (e.g., monthly, quarterly) for permission reviews within Gitea.
    2. Access Gitea Admin Panel: Log in to Gitea with an administrator account.
    3. Review Organizations: Navigate to the "Organizations" section and review each organization:
      • Check team memberships and roles (Owner, Admin, Member, custom).
      • Verify team members have appropriate access levels.
      • Review repository access for each team (Read, Write, Admin).
    4. Review Users: Navigate to the "Users" section:
      • Check for users with direct repository access (outside of teams).
      • Verify individual user permissions.
      • Focus on users with administrative privileges.
    5. Review Repository Settings: For each repository, check:
      • "Collaborators" section for individual access.
      • "Branches" section for branch protection rules.
    6. Document Findings: Record discrepancies or potential issues.
    7. Remediate Issues: Adjust permissions, remove access, or update team memberships.
    8. Automate (Optional): Use Gitea's API to automate parts of the audit (e.g., generating permission reports).

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Unauthorized Access to Private Repositories (High Severity): Prevents unauthorized access due to misconfigured Gitea permissions.
    • Data Breaches (High Severity): Reduces risk of data exposure from unauthorized Gitea access.
    • Insider Threats (Medium Severity): Limits damage from malicious insiders by restricting Gitea access.
    • Accidental Data Exposure (Medium Severity): Prevents accidental public exposure due to incorrect Gitea visibility settings.

  • Impact:

    • Unauthorized Access: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • Data Breaches: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • Insider Threats: Moderately reduces the risk.
    • Accidental Data Exposure: Significantly reduces the risk.

  • Currently Implemented: (Example) Manual reviews quarterly; no automation; inconsistent branch protection.

  • Missing Implementation: (Example)

    • Automated reporting via Gitea API.
    • Consistent branch protection rules.
    • Formal audit documentation.
    • Integration with centralized access management (if applicable).

Mitigation Strategy: Enforce Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) (Gitea-Specific)

  • Description:

    1. Access Gitea Admin Panel: Log in to Gitea as an administrator.
    2. Navigate to Site Administration: Go to "Site Administration."
    3. Authentication Settings: Find authentication settings (e.g., "Authentication" or "Security").
    4. Enable 2FA: Enable 2FA (TOTP, WebAuthn).
    5. Require 2FA: Require 2FA for all users, or at least for those with write/admin access within Gitea.
    6. Communicate to Users: Inform users about the 2FA requirement and provide setup instructions.
    7. Monitor 2FA Adoption: Track users who have enabled 2FA; follow up with those who haven't.
    8. Backup Codes: Ensure users understand how to generate and securely store backup codes.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Compromised Credentials (High Severity): Prevents access even with stolen Gitea credentials.
    • Account Takeover (High Severity): Makes Gitea account takeover much harder.
    • Brute-Force Attacks (Medium Severity): Renders brute-force attacks against Gitea passwords ineffective.
    • Phishing Attacks (Medium Severity): Reduces success of phishing for Gitea credentials.

  • Impact:

    • Compromised Credentials: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • Account Takeover: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • Brute-Force Attacks: Eliminates the risk.
    • Phishing Attacks: Significantly reduces the risk.

  • Currently Implemented: (Example) 2FA enabled, but not enforced.

  • Missing Implementation: (Example)

    • Enforcement of 2FA for all/privileged Gitea users.
    • Monitoring of 2FA adoption.
    • User training on 2FA setup and use.

Mitigation Strategy: Stay Up-to-Date (Gitea Updates)

  • Description:

    1. Monitor for Updates: Regularly check Gitea's website, GitHub releases, and blog for new releases and security updates.
    2. Review Release Notes: Read release notes, focusing on security fixes.
    3. Test in Staging: Always test updates in a staging environment mirroring production before applying to production.
    4. Backup: Before updating, back up the Gitea data directory and database.
    5. Apply Update: Follow Gitea's official upgrade instructions.
    6. Verify Functionality: Thoroughly test Gitea after the update.
    7. Automate (Optional): Use tools to streamline updates, but always include testing and backups.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Known Vulnerabilities (High Severity): Addresses publicly disclosed and patched Gitea vulnerabilities.
    • Remote Code Execution (RCE) (High Severity): Prevents exploitation of known Gitea RCE vulnerabilities.
    • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (Medium Severity): Prevents exploitation of known Gitea XSS vulnerabilities.
    • SQL Injection (High Severity): Prevents exploitation of known Gitea SQL injection vulnerabilities.
    • Denial of Service (DoS) (Medium Severity): Addresses Gitea vulnerabilities leading to DoS.
    • Zero-day Exploit (High): Reduces time window for zero-day exploit.

  • Impact:

    • Known Vulnerabilities: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • RCE, XSS, SQL Injection, DoS: Significantly reduces the risk (depending on the specific vulnerabilities).

  • Currently Implemented: (Example) Manual updates with delays; no staging environment.

  • Missing Implementation: (Example)

    • Staging environment for testing.
    • Automated monitoring for new releases.
    • Documented update process.
    • Faster response to security updates.

Mitigation Strategy: Rate Limiting (Gitea-Specific)

  • Description:

    1. Access Configuration: Open Gitea's app.ini file.
    2. Locate Rate Limiting Section: Find the section for rate limiting (e.g., [api] or [rate_limiting]).
    3. Enable Rate Limiting: Ensure rate limiting is enabled.
    4. Configure Limits: Set limits for:
      • API requests per time period.
      • Repository cloning.
      • Issue creation.
      • User login attempts.
      • Consider different limits for authenticated/unauthenticated users.
    5. Test Limits: Test to ensure they work and don't impact legitimate users.
    6. Monitor Usage: Monitor rate limiting logs for abuse or misconfigurations.
    7. Adjust as Needed: Adjust limits based on observations.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks (Medium Severity): Prevents overwhelming Gitea with requests.
    • Brute-Force Attacks (Medium Severity): Limits Gitea login attempts.
    • Resource Exhaustion (Medium Severity): Prevents excessive Gitea resource consumption.
    • API Abuse (Low Severity): Prevents Gitea API abuse.

  • Impact:

    • DoS Attacks: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • Brute-Force Attacks: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • Resource Exhaustion: Moderately reduces the risk.
    • API Abuse: Significantly reduces the risk.

  • Currently Implemented: (Example) Basic rate limiting enabled; high limits; not reviewed recently.

  • Missing Implementation: (Example)

    • Fine-grained limits for specific Gitea actions.
    • Different limits for authenticated/unauthenticated users.
    • Monitoring of rate limiting logs.
    • Regular review and adjustment.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure app.ini Configuration (Gitea-Specific)

  • Description:

    1. Locate app.ini: Find the app.ini file.
    2. Restrict File Permissions: Set strict file permissions (e.g., chmod 600 app.ini). Only the Gitea user should have access.
    3. Review Security Settings: Examine each setting, especially:
      • SECRET_KEY: Long, random string.
      • JWT_SECRET: Long, random string (if using JWT).
      • Database settings: Strong passwords; restricted access.
      • RUN_MODE: prod for production.
      • ENABLE_ গেলেন_SIGNUP / DISABLE_REGISTRATION: Disable open registration if not needed.
      • Authentication sources: Disable unused providers.
      • Mailer settings: Configure securely.
      • Webhook settings: Use secret tokens and HTTPS.
    4. Store Outside Web Root: app.ini must not be in the web root.
    5. Avoid Committing to Git: Never commit app.ini to Git.
    6. Regularly Review: Periodically review app.ini.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Credential Exposure (High Severity): Protects Gitea's secrets (database, keys, tokens).
    • Configuration-Based Attacks (High Severity): Prevents exploiting Gitea misconfigurations.
    • Unauthorized Access (High Severity): Restricts access to the Gitea configuration.
    • Information Disclosure (Medium Severity): Prevents Gitea config information leaks.

  • Impact:

    • Credential Exposure: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • Configuration-Based Attacks: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • Unauthorized Access: Significantly reduces the risk.
    • Information Disclosure: Significantly reduces the risk.

  • Currently Implemented: (Example) app.ini outside web root; restricted permissions; some settings not recently reviewed.

  • Missing Implementation: (Example)

    • Regular review of all app.ini settings.
    • Use of environment variables for sensitive settings.
    • Documentation of settings.

Mitigation Strategy: Webhook Security (Gitea-Specific)

  • Description:

    1. Access Webhook Settings: In Gitea, navigate to the repository or organization settings where webhooks are configured.
    2. Use HTTPS: Ensure all webhook URLs use https:// to encrypt communication.
    3. Set Secret Token: Generate a strong, random secret token for each webhook.
    4. Verify Signatures (Code Change): In the application receiving webhook requests, implement code to verify the X-Gitea-Signature header using the secret token. This confirms the request originated from your Gitea instance. Gitea provides documentation and examples for this.
    5. Restrict Source IPs (If Possible): If your webhook receiver has a static IP address, configure Gitea (if possible) or your firewall to only allow webhook requests from the Gitea server's IP address.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks (High Severity): HTTPS prevents eavesdropping on webhook data.
    • Forged Webhook Requests (High Severity): Signature verification prevents attackers from sending fake webhook requests to trigger actions in your application.
    • Replay Attacks (Medium Severity): While signature verification helps, consider adding timestamp checks or nonce handling in your webhook receiver to further mitigate replay attacks.

  • Impact:

    • MitM Attacks: Significantly reduces risk (with HTTPS).
    • Forged Webhook Requests: Eliminates risk (with signature verification).
    • Replay Attacks: Moderately reduces risk (with additional measures).

  • Currently Implemented: (Example) HTTPS is used, but secret tokens are not consistently set, and signature verification is not implemented in the receiving application.

  • Missing Implementation: (Example)

    • Consistent use of secret tokens for all webhooks.
    • Implementation of signature verification in the webhook receiver application.
    • IP address restrictions (if feasible).