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Attack Tree Analysis for go-kratos/kratos

Objective: Compromise Kratos Application

Attack Tree Visualization

  • Compromise Kratos Application [CRITICAL] |- OR - Exploit Kratos Misconfigurations [CRITICAL] | |- Insecure Server Configuration [CRITICAL] | | |- Expose Debug Endpoints in Production [HIGH-RISK] | | |- Weak TLS/SSL Configuration for gRPC/HTTP Servers [HIGH-RISK] | | |- Verbose Logging Exposing Sensitive Information [HIGH-RISK] | |- Misconfigured Middleware/Interceptors [CRITICAL] | | |- Missing or Weak Authentication/Authorization Middleware [HIGH-RISK, CRITICAL] | | |- Vulnerable Custom Middleware Logic [HIGH-RISK] | | |- Insecure Session Management (if implemented via Kratos middleware) [HIGH-RISK] | |- Service Discovery Misconfiguration (if used with Kratos) [CRITICAL] | | |- Insecure Access to Service Registry (e.g., Consul, etcd) [HIGH-RISK, CRITICAL] | | |- Service Registry Poisoning (if write access is compromised) [HIGH-RISK, CRITICAL] | |- Misuse of Kratos Features Leading to Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK] | | |- Improper Error Handling exposing internal details [HIGH-RISK] | | |- Reliance on insecure default configurations without hardening [HIGH-RISK] |- OR - Exploit Information Disclosure Specific to Kratos [HIGH-RISK] | |- Access Kratos Health/Metrics Endpoints exposing sensitive data [HIGH-RISK] | |- Extract configuration details from Kratos configuration files (if accessible) [HIGH-RISK, CRITICAL]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Compromise Kratos Application [CRITICAL]:

  • This is the root goal and represents any successful attack that leads to control, disruption, or data breach of the Kratos application.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Kratos Misconfigurations [CRITICAL]:

  • This is a critical node as misconfigurations are a common and easily exploitable attack vector.
  • Attack Vectors:
    • Direct access due to weak security controls.
    • Exploiting default settings that are not secure.
    • Human error in configuration management.
    • Lack of security awareness during configuration.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Insecure Server Configuration [CRITICAL]:

  • This node focuses on misconfigurations specifically related to the Kratos server setup (HTTP and gRPC).

    • 3.1. Expose Debug Endpoints in Production [HIGH-RISK]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Direct HTTP requests to /debug/pprof or similar paths.
        • Network scanning to identify open debug ports.
        • Exploiting default routing configurations that expose debug endpoints.

    • 3.2. Weak TLS/SSL Configuration for gRPC/HTTP Servers [HIGH-RISK]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks to intercept communication.
        • Protocol downgrade attacks to force weaker encryption.
        • Exploiting vulnerabilities in outdated TLS versions or weak cipher suites.
        • Using self-signed or invalid TLS certificates leading to trust issues and potential bypass.

    • 3.3. Verbose Logging Exposing Sensitive Information [HIGH-RISK]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Accessing log files directly if permissions are weak.
        • Exploiting vulnerabilities in log aggregation systems.
        • Social engineering to gain access to logs.
        • Compromising systems where logs are stored.

Attack Tree Path: 4. Misconfigured Middleware/Interceptors [CRITICAL]:

  • This node focuses on vulnerabilities arising from misconfigurations in Kratos middleware and interceptors, which are crucial for security enforcement.

    • 4.1. Missing or Weak Authentication/Authorization Middleware [HIGH-RISK, CRITICAL]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Directly accessing protected endpoints without authentication.
        • Bypassing weak or flawed authentication mechanisms.
        • Exploiting vulnerabilities in custom authentication logic.
        • Session hijacking if authentication relies on insecure session management.

    • 4.2. Vulnerable Custom Middleware Logic [HIGH-RISK]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Exploiting injection vulnerabilities (e.g., SQL injection, command injection) in custom middleware.
        • Logic flaws in custom middleware leading to bypasses or unexpected behavior.
        • Insecure data handling or storage within custom middleware.
        • Denial-of-Service (DoS) vulnerabilities in custom middleware.

    • 4.3. Insecure Session Management (if implemented via Kratos middleware) [HIGH-RISK]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Session hijacking by stealing session IDs (e.g., cross-site scripting - XSS, network sniffing).
        • Session fixation attacks to force users to use attacker-controlled session IDs.
        • Brute-forcing weak session IDs.
        • Exploiting vulnerabilities in session storage mechanisms.

Attack Tree Path: 5. Service Discovery Misconfiguration (if used with Kratos) [CRITICAL]:

  • This node is critical if Kratos application uses service discovery, as misconfigurations can have broad impact.

    • 5.1. Insecure Access to Service Registry (e.g., Consul, etcd) [HIGH-RISK, CRITICAL]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Exploiting default or weak credentials for service registry API.
        • Bypassing missing or weak authentication/authorization for registry access.
        • Network access to registry API from untrusted networks.
        • Exploiting known vulnerabilities in the service registry software itself.

    • 5.2. Service Registry Poisoning (if write access is compromised) [HIGH-RISK, CRITICAL]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Injecting malicious service endpoints into the registry.
        • Modifying existing service endpoints to redirect traffic to attacker-controlled services.
        • Deleting legitimate service registrations causing service disruption.
        • Using compromised credentials or vulnerabilities to gain write access to the registry API.

Attack Tree Path: 6. Misuse of Kratos Features Leading to Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK]:

  • This is a high-risk path as it highlights vulnerabilities arising from incorrect or insecure usage of Kratos framework features.

    • 6.1. Improper Error Handling exposing internal details [HIGH-RISK]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Crafting requests to trigger errors and analyze error responses.
        • Fuzzing inputs to induce error conditions.
        • Observing error logs for sensitive information.

    • 6.2. Reliance on insecure default configurations without hardening [HIGH-RISK]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Exploiting known weaknesses in default configurations.
        • Using vulnerability scanners to identify default settings that are not secure.
        • Consulting Kratos documentation for default configurations and identifying potential security risks.

Attack Tree Path: 7. Exploit Information Disclosure Specific to Kratos [HIGH-RISK]:

  • This path focuses on information disclosure vulnerabilities that are specific to Kratos applications.

    • 7.1. Access Kratos Health/Metrics Endpoints exposing sensitive data [HIGH-RISK]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Direct HTTP requests to /health, /metrics, or similar paths.
        • Network scanning to identify open ports serving health/metrics endpoints.
        • Exploiting default routing configurations that expose these endpoints without authentication.

    • 7.2. Extract configuration details from Kratos configuration files (if accessible) [HIGH-RISK, CRITICAL]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Accessing configuration files directly if permissions are weak on the server.
        • Exploiting server misconfigurations to read configuration files (e.g., path traversal vulnerabilities).
        • Finding configuration files inadvertently exposed in public repositories (e.g., GitHub).
        • Compromising backup systems or storage locations where configuration files are stored.