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Attack Tree Analysis for go-sql-driver/mysql

Objective: Compromise Application using go-sql-driver/mysql

Attack Tree Visualization

└── Compromise Application via MySQL Driver Exploitation ├── OR ├── [HIGH RISK PATH] 2. Exploit MySQL Protocol Weaknesses via Driver │ ├── OR │ ├── [HIGH RISK PATH] 2.1. SQL Injection (Classic MySQL Vulnerability) │ │ ├── AND │ │ ├── 2.1.1. Identify Application Code Vulnerable to SQL Injection │ │ ├── 2.1.2. Craft Malicious SQL Payload │ │ ├── 2.1.3. Inject Payload via Application Input │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1.4. Execute Arbitrary SQL Commands on MySQL Server │ │ ├── 2.1.5. Achieve: │ ├── [HIGH RISK PATH] 2.2. Authentication Bypass/Weaknesses │ │ ├── AND │ │ ├── 2.2.1. Identify Weaknesses in MySQL Authentication Mechanisms │ │ ├── 2.2.2. Exploit Authentication Weakness │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.2.3. Gain Unauthorized Access to MySQL Server │ │ ├── 2.2.4. Compromise Application Data and Functionality │ ├── [HIGH RISK PATH] 2.4. Abuse of MySQL Features via Driver (e.g., LOAD DATA INFILE, Stored Procedures) │ │ ├── AND │ │ ├── 2.4.1. Identify Application Code that uses potentially dangerous MySQL features │ │ ├── 2.4.2. Exploit Application Logic or SQL Injection to control these features │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.4.3. Abuse Feature to: ├── OR ├── [HIGH RISK PATH] 3. Exploit Application Logic Flaws Exposed via Driver │ ├── OR │ ├── [HIGH RISK PATH] 3.4. Denial of Service via Application Logic & Driver │ ├── AND │ ├── 3.4.1. Application logic allows users to trigger resource-intensive database operations │ ├── 3.4.2. Attacker sends malicious requests to trigger these operations repeatedly │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.4.3. Overload database server and application resources │ ├── 3.4.4. Cause application slowdown or unavailability

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit MySQL Protocol Weaknesses via Driver

  • Attack Vectors: This path focuses on exploiting inherent weaknesses in the MySQL protocol itself, as interacted with by the go-sql-driver/mysql. This is distinct from driver-specific vulnerabilities, and more about how the application uses the driver to interact with MySQL.

    • 2.1. SQL Injection (Classic MySQL Vulnerability) [HIGH RISK PATH]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • 2.1.1. Identify Application Code Vulnerable to SQL Injection:
          • Description: Attacker analyzes application code to find places where user-controlled input is directly embedded into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization.
          • Examples: String concatenation to build SQL queries, using user input directly in WHERE clauses, ORDER BY clauses, etc.
        • 2.1.2. Craft Malicious SQL Payload:
          • Description: Attacker designs SQL code fragments that, when injected, will modify the intended query to perform malicious actions.
          • Examples:
            • ' OR '1'='1 to bypass authentication or access control.
            • UNION SELECT to retrieve data from other tables.
            • Stacked queries (if supported by application and MySQL configuration) to execute multiple SQL statements.
            • Time-based or boolean-based blind SQL injection techniques to extract data even without direct output.
        • 2.1.3. Inject Payload via Application Input:
          • Description: Attacker submits the crafted SQL payload through application input fields, URL parameters, HTTP headers, or any other user-controllable data that reaches the vulnerable code.
          • Examples: Inputting malicious strings into login forms, search boxes, comment fields, API parameters.
        • [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1.4. Execute Arbitrary SQL Commands on MySQL Server:
          • Description: Successful injection leads to the MySQL server executing the attacker's malicious SQL code as part of the application's query. This is the point of critical compromise.
          • Outcomes: Data breach, data manipulation, authentication bypass, privilege escalation, denial of service.
        • 2.1.5. Achieve:
          • Description: The attacker's ultimate goals after successful SQL injection.
          • Examples:
            • Data Breach: Stealing sensitive user data, financial information, personal details.
            • Data Manipulation: Modifying application data, defacing content, altering transactions.
            • Authentication Bypass: Logging in as other users or administrators without credentials.
            • Privilege Escalation: Gaining higher database privileges to perform more damaging actions.
            • Denial of Service: Executing resource-intensive queries to overload the database server.

    • 2.2. Authentication Bypass/Weaknesses [HIGH RISK PATH]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • 2.2.1. Identify Weaknesses in MySQL Authentication Mechanisms:
          • Description: Attacker looks for vulnerabilities or misconfigurations in how the application and MySQL server handle authentication.
          • Examples:
            • Default MySQL credentials (e.g., root user with no password or default password).
            • Weak passwords used for MySQL accounts.
            • Outdated or weak authentication protocols enabled on the MySQL server (e.g., mysql_native_password instead of caching_sha2_password).
            • Lack of proper access control lists (ACLs) or firewall rules restricting access to the MySQL server.
        • 2.2.2. Exploit Authentication Weakness:
          • Description: Attacker uses identified weaknesses to gain unauthorized access.
          • Examples:
            • Brute-forcing weak passwords using password cracking tools.
            • Using default credentials if they haven't been changed.
            • Exploiting vulnerabilities in outdated authentication protocols (less common but possible).
            • Network-based attacks if access to the MySQL port is not properly restricted.
        • [CRITICAL NODE] 2.2.3. Gain Unauthorized Access to MySQL Server:
          • Description: Successful exploitation of authentication weaknesses results in the attacker gaining direct access to the MySQL server, bypassing application-level security.
        • 2.2.4. Compromise Application Data and Functionality:
          • Description: With direct access to the database, the attacker can directly manipulate data, extract information, or disrupt the application's functionality.

    • 2.4. Abuse of MySQL Features via Driver (e.g., LOAD DATA INFILE, Stored Procedures) [HIGH RISK PATH]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • 2.4.1. Identify Application Code that uses potentially dangerous MySQL features:
          • Description: Attacker analyzes application code and database schema to find usage of MySQL features that can be abused if not properly secured.
          • Examples:
            • LOAD DATA INFILE: Allows reading files from the MySQL server's file system.
            • Stored Procedures: Can execute code within the database server context, potentially with elevated privileges.
            • User-Defined Functions (UDFs): Allow extending MySQL functionality with custom code (even more dangerous if attacker can create UDFs).
        • 2.4.2. Exploit Application Logic or SQL Injection to control these features:
          • Description: Attacker uses application logic flaws or SQL injection vulnerabilities to manipulate the usage of these dangerous MySQL features.
          • Examples:
            • SQL injection to modify the filename in a LOAD DATA INFILE statement to read arbitrary files.
            • SQL injection to execute stored procedures with malicious parameters or to call stored procedures that have vulnerabilities.
            • Exploiting application logic to trigger unintended execution of stored procedures or LOAD DATA INFILE operations.
        • [CRITICAL NODE] 2.4.3. Abuse Feature to:
          • Description: Once control over these features is gained, the attacker abuses them to achieve malicious objectives.
          • Examples:
            • Read sensitive files from the MySQL server's file system using LOAD DATA INFILE.
            • Execute malicious code within stored procedures, potentially gaining control over the database server or even the underlying operating system (if stored procedures have vulnerabilities or call external commands).
            • Gain unauthorized access or privileges within the database by manipulating stored procedures or UDFs.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Application Logic Flaws Exposed via Driver

  • Attack Vectors: This path focuses on vulnerabilities arising from flaws in the application's own logic, which are then exposed or amplified through its interaction with the MySQL database via the go-sql-driver/mysql.

    • 3.4. Denial of Service via Application Logic & Driver [HIGH RISK PATH]:
      • Attack Vectors:
        • 3.4.1. Application logic allows users to trigger resource-intensive database operations:
          • Description: Application design or implementation flaws allow users to initiate database queries or operations that consume excessive server resources (CPU, memory, I/O).
          • Examples:
            • Unfiltered search functionality that allows users to perform very broad or complex searches leading to full table scans.
            • Complex aggregation queries that are computationally expensive.
            • Bulk data operations (e.g., large imports/exports) that can be triggered repeatedly.
            • Poorly optimized queries that are inherently slow.
        • 3.4.2. Attacker sends malicious requests to trigger these operations repeatedly:
          • Description: Attacker exploits the ability to trigger resource-intensive operations by sending a large number of malicious requests.
          • Examples:
            • Automated scripts to repeatedly submit resource-intensive search queries.
            • Flooding the application with requests that trigger bulk data operations.
            • Exploiting API endpoints that initiate complex database tasks.
        • [CRITICAL NODE] 3.4.3. Overload database server and application resources:
          • Description: The repeated execution of resource-intensive operations overwhelms the database server and potentially the application server, leading to performance degradation or complete service outage.
        • 3.4.4. Cause application slowdown or unavailability:
          • Description: The ultimate outcome of the DoS attack, rendering the application unusable or severely impacting its performance.