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Attack Tree Analysis for golang-migrate/migrate

Objective: Gain unauthorized control over the database schema and/or data, or cause denial of service, by exploiting vulnerabilities or misconfigurations in the golang-migrate/migrate library or its usage.

Attack Tree Visualization

                                     [Gain unauthorized control over DB schema/data, or cause DoS]***
                                                    /
                                                   /
                      [Manipulate Migration Files/Execution]***
                      /        |         |          \
                     /         |         |           \
[Alter Existing   [Inject   [Bypass  [Control
 Migration Files]*** Malicious  Version  Migration
                  Migrations]*** Checking]  Source]*
                     /   \      
                    /     \
[SQL Injection]*** [Execute
                 Arbitrary
                 Commands]

Attack Tree Path: [Gain unauthorized control over DB schema/data, or cause DoS]***

  • Description: This is the ultimate objective of the attacker. All other nodes and paths are steps towards achieving this goal.
  • Impact: Very High - Complete compromise of the database, including data theft, modification, deletion, or denial of service.

Attack Tree Path: [Manipulate Migration Files/Execution]***

  • Description: This represents the primary attack vector, focusing on manipulating the migration process itself. This is the gateway to the most likely and impactful attacks.
  • Impact: Very High - Enables various sub-attacks that lead to database compromise.
  • Likelihood: Medium to High - Depending on the security measures in place.
  • Effort: Low to Medium - Depending on the specific attack.
  • Skill Level: Intermediate.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard.

Attack Tree Path: [Alter Existing Migration Files]***

  • Description: The attacker gains write access to the directory containing migration files and modifies existing files to include malicious SQL code.
  • Impact: Very High - Allows execution of arbitrary SQL, leading to complete database compromise.
  • Likelihood: Medium to High - Depends on file permissions, deployment pipeline security, and potential server-side vulnerabilities.
  • Effort: Low (if weak file permissions) to Medium (if exploiting a vulnerability).
  • Skill Level: Intermediate - Requires basic scripting and SQL knowledge.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium (with file system auditing) to Hard (without auditing).

Attack Tree Path: [Inject Malicious Migrations]***

  • Description: The attacker adds new migration files containing malicious SQL code to the migration directory.
  • Impact: Very High - Same as altering existing files: execution of arbitrary SQL.
  • Likelihood: Medium - Similar conditions to altering existing files.
  • Effort: Low to Medium - Similar to altering existing files.
  • Skill Level: Intermediate - Similar to altering existing files.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard - Similar to altering existing files.

Attack Tree Path: [Control Migration Source]*

  • Description: The attacker gains control over the source from which migrate retrieves migration files. This could be a file system path, a network share, or even an io/fs.FS implementation in Go.
  • Impact: Very High - Allows the attacker to completely control the content of migrations, leading to arbitrary SQL execution.
  • Likelihood: Low to Medium - Depends heavily on the specific source used and its security configuration.
  • Effort: Medium to High - Depends on the source and the method used to gain control.
  • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard - Depends on monitoring and security controls around the source.

Attack Tree Path: [SQL Injection]***

  • Description: The attacker exploits SQL injection vulnerabilities within the migration files themselves. This occurs if the migration files are written in a way that allows user-supplied data (or data from any untrusted source) to be directly concatenated into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization.
  • Impact: High to Very High - Allows data exfiltration, modification, or deletion. Can lead to complete database compromise.
  • Likelihood: Medium - Depends heavily on the coding practices used when writing the migration files. Unfortunately, SQL injection is a common vulnerability.
  • Effort: Low - If vulnerabilities exist, exploiting them is often straightforward.
  • Skill Level: Intermediate - Requires basic knowledge of SQL injection techniques.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium (with proper input validation and web application firewalls) to Hard (without input validation).

Attack Tree Path: [Execute Arbitrary Commands]

  • Description: If the migration files or the migrate tool itself allows for the execution of arbitrary commands.
  • Impact: Very High (complete system compromise).
  • Effort: High (requires finding a significant vulnerability or misconfiguration).
  • Skill Level: Advanced to Expert.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium (with system monitoring) to Hard (if attacker covers tracks).