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Attack Tree Analysis for grafana/loki

Objective: To compromise an application that uses Grafana Loki by exploiting weaknesses or vulnerabilities within the project itself, focusing on data exfiltration and data manipulation.

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Application Using Loki ├── 1. Data Exfiltration [HIGH RISK] │ ├── 1.1 Unauthorized Query Access [HIGH RISK] │ │ ├── 1.1.1 Authentication Bypass [CRITICAL] │ │ │ ├── 1.1.1.1 Exploit misconfigured authentication [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ └── 1.1.3.1 Intercept unencrypted traffic [HIGH RISK] │ └── 1.3 Access Underlying Storage Directly [CRITICAL] │ └── 1.3.1 Compromise storage credentials [HIGH RISK] └── 3. Data Manipulation ├── 3.1 Unauthorized Write Access │ ├── 3.1.1 Authentication Bypass [CRITICAL] └── 3.3 Access Underlying Storage Directly [CRITICAL]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Data Exfiltration [HIGH RISK]

  • 1.1 Unauthorized Query Access [HIGH RISK]
    • Description: The attacker gains access to query and retrieve log data without proper authorization.
    • 1.1.1 Authentication Bypass [CRITICAL]
      • Description: The attacker circumvents the authentication mechanisms intended to protect Loki.
      • 1.1.1.1 Exploit misconfigured authentication [HIGH RISK]
        • Description: The attacker leverages weaknesses in the authentication configuration.
        • Specific Attack Vectors:
          • No Authentication: Loki is deployed without any authentication enabled.
          • Default Credentials: The attacker uses default usernames and passwords that were not changed during setup.
          • Weak Passwords: The attacker cracks weak passwords through brute-force or dictionary attacks.
          • Exposed API Keys: API keys or other credentials are leaked in client-side code, configuration files, or environment variables.
          • Misconfigured SSO/OAuth: Flaws in the integration with single sign-on (SSO) or OAuth providers allow unauthorized access.
      • 1.1.3.1 Intercept unencrypted traffic [HIGH RISK] * Description: Attacker captures the communication between client and Loki server. * Specific Attack Vectors:
        • Lack of TLS: Loki is not configured to use TLS (HTTPS), allowing an attacker on the same network to sniff traffic using tools like Wireshark.
        • Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack: The attacker intercepts the connection between the client and Loki, potentially using a compromised network device or ARP spoofing.
        • Weak TLS Configuration: Loki is configured with weak cipher suites or outdated TLS versions that are vulnerable to known attacks.
    • 1.3 Access Underlying Storage Directly [CRITICAL]
      • Description: The attacker bypasses Loki's access controls and interacts directly with the storage backend (e.g., S3, GCS, local filesystem).
      • 1.3.1 Compromise storage credentials [HIGH RISK]
        • Description: The attacker obtains the credentials needed to access the storage backend.
        • Specific Attack Vectors:
          • Credential Theft: Stealing credentials from configuration files, environment variables, or compromised systems.
          • Cloud Provider Misconfigurations: Exploiting misconfigured IAM roles or permissions in cloud environments (e.g., overly permissive S3 bucket policies).
          • Insider Threat: A malicious or compromised insider leaks the credentials.
          • Social Engineering: Tricking an administrator into revealing the credentials.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Data Manipulation

  • 3.1 Unauthorized Write Access
    • Description: Attacker gains ability to modify or delete log data.
    • 3.1.1 Authentication Bypass [CRITICAL]
      • Description: The attacker bypasses authentication to gain write access to Loki. (Same attack vectors as 1.1.1.1, but with the goal of writing/modifying data).
  • 3.3 Access Underlying Storage Directly [CRITICAL]
    • Description: The attacker gains direct access to the storage backend and modifies or deletes log data. (Same attack vectors as 1.3.1, but with the goal of modifying/deleting data).