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attack-surface.md

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Attack Surface Analysis for icewhaletech/casaos

Attack Surface: 1. Web Interface Authentication and Authorization

  • Description: Attacks targeting the login process, session management, and access control mechanisms specifically implemented within CasaOS's web interface code.
  • How CasaOS Contributes: CasaOS's custom authentication and authorization logic is a primary attack vector. Flaws here are directly attributable to CasaOS.
  • Example:
    • Authentication Bypass: A bug in CasaOS's session validation code allows an attacker to forge a valid session ID and bypass the login.
    • Privilege Escalation: A flaw in CasaOS's role-based access control implementation allows a low-privileged user to access administrator-only functions.
  • Impact: Complete control of the CasaOS instance, including all managed applications and data. Potential access to the underlying host system.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • (Developers):
      • Implement robust, multi-factor authentication (MFA/2FA) with secure secret storage, using well-vetted cryptographic libraries.
      • Use secure, HTTP-only, and same-site cookies for session management. Ensure proper session expiration and invalidation within CasaOS's code.
      • Enforce strict, granular, role-based access control (RBAC) with the principle of least privilege. Every CasaOS API endpoint and UI element should have explicit authorization checks implemented in CasaOS.
      • Implement rate limiting on login attempts within CasaOS's logic.
      • Regularly conduct security audits and penetration testing specifically targeting the authentication and authorization flows of CasaOS.

Attack Surface: 2. Remote Code Execution (RCE) via App Management

  • Description: Exploiting vulnerabilities in CasaOS's code that handles application installation, configuration, or interaction with the Docker API to run arbitrary code on the server.
  • How CasaOS Contributes: This is a core function of CasaOS. Any flaws in how CasaOS interacts with Docker or processes application-related data are directly attributable to CasaOS.
  • Example:
    • A vulnerability in CasaOS's code that parses application metadata allows an attacker to inject malicious commands that are executed when the application is installed.
    • CasaOS incorrectly handles user input when constructing Docker API calls, leading to command injection.
  • Impact: Complete system compromise, allowing the attacker to control the server.
  • Risk Severity: Critical
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • (Developers):
      • Implement strict validation of all application sources and metadata within CasaOS.
      • Never trust user-supplied input when constructing commands or interacting with the Docker API. Use parameterized APIs and avoid string concatenation in CasaOS's code.
      • Run CasaOS itself with the least possible privileges. Avoid running it as root.
      • Regularly audit the CasaOS code that interacts with the Docker API and system shell. This is a critical area for security reviews.

Attack Surface: 3. API Endpoint Vulnerabilities (CasaOS-Specific)

  • Description: Exploiting vulnerabilities in the custom REST API endpoints that CasaOS itself exposes. This excludes general API security best practices, and focuses on flaws in CasaOS's API implementation.
  • How CasaOS Contributes: CasaOS's API is its own code. Any vulnerabilities in how it handles requests, authenticates users, or authorizes access are directly attributable to CasaOS.
  • Example:
    • An undocumented CasaOS API endpoint allows unauthenticated access to sensitive system information.
    • A CasaOS API endpoint for managing user accounts does not properly validate input, allowing privilege escalation.
  • Impact: Varies depending on the specific API endpoint, but can range from information disclosure to complete system compromise.
  • Risk Severity: High to Critical (depending on the endpoint)
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • (Developers):
      • Apply all the same security principles to CasaOS API endpoints as to the web interface (authentication, authorization, input validation). These checks must be within CasaOS's code.
      • Thoroughly document all CasaOS API endpoints, including security considerations.
      • Implement rate limiting on CasaOS API requests.
      • Regularly perform security audits and penetration testing specifically targeting the CasaOS API.

Attack Surface: 4. Insecure Update Mechanism (CasaOS-Specific)

  • Description: Attacks targeting the specific implementation of the update process within CasaOS's code.
  • How CasaOS Contributes: The update mechanism is code written and maintained by the CasaOS project. Any flaws in how it downloads, verifies, or applies updates are directly attributable to CasaOS.
  • Example:
    • CasaOS's update mechanism fails to properly verify the digital signature of an update, allowing a malicious update to be installed.
    • A flaw in CasaOS's update code allows an attacker to trigger a rollback to a known vulnerable version.
  • Impact: Complete system compromise through the installation of malicious updates.
  • Risk Severity: High
  • Mitigation Strategies:
    • (Developers): * Use HTTPS for all update downloads and communications (enforced by CasaOS). * Verify the digital signatures of all updates before applying them, using robust cryptographic libraries within CasaOS. * Implement a secure rollback mechanism within CasaOS to revert to a previous version. * Regularly audit the CasaOS update mechanism for security vulnerabilities.