attack-tree.md

Attack Tree Analysis for icewhaletech/casaos

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Administrative Control of CasaOS [CRITICAL]

Attack Tree Visualization

                                     +-------------------------------------------------+
                                     |  Gain Unauthorized Administrative Control of CasaOS [CRITICAL] |
                                     +-------------------------------------------------+
                                                        |
         +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
         |                                |                                |
+--------+--------+             +--------+--------+             +--------+--------+
| Exploit  CasaOS |             |  Compromise   |             |  Exploit  CasaOS |
|  Authentication |             |  CasaOS User  |             |   Vulnerabilities||
|     Bypass     |             |    Accounts   |             |                   |
+--------+--------+             +--------+--------+             +--------+--------+
         |                                |                                |
+--------+--------+             +--------+--------+             +--------+--------+
| Weak Default   |-> HIGH RISK ->|   Credential  |             |  Zero-Day in   ||
|  Credentials  |[CRITICAL]     |    Stuffing   |-> HIGH RISK ->|    CasaOS Core  |[CRITICAL]
+--------+--------+             +--------+--------+             +--------+--------+
                                                                 |  Known Vuln. in |
                                                                 |   a Dependency  |-> HIGH RISK ->
                                                                 +--------+--------+
                                                                 |  RCE via       |
         +--------------------------------+                       |   Vulnerable    |
         |                                |                       |     App Store   |-> HIGH RISK ->[CRITICAL]
+--------+--------+             +--------+--------+             |      App        |
|   Abuse CasaOS  |             |                                |             +--------+--------+
|    Features    |
+--------+--------+
         |
+--------+--------+
|  Misconfigured |-> HIGH RISK ->[CRITICAL]
|     App Store  |
+--------+--------+
         |
+--------+--------+
|  Abuse of     |-> HIGH RISK ->
|  System       |
|  Commands     |[CRITICAL]
|  (If          |
|  Exposed)     |
+--------+--------+

Attack Tree Path: Exploit CasaOS Authentication Bypass

• Weak Default Credentials -> HIGH RISK -> [CRITICAL]
  • Description: The attacker attempts to log in using default credentials (e.g., admin/admin) that have not been changed by the user.
  • Likelihood: Low (assuming forced password change on first login; otherwise, High).
  • Impact: Very High (full administrative access).
  • Effort: Very Low.
  • Skill Level: Novice.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium.

Attack Tree Path: Compromise CasaOS User Accounts

• Credential Stuffing -> HIGH RISK ->
  • Description: The attacker uses credentials leaked from other data breaches to try and gain access to CasaOS accounts. This relies on users reusing passwords across multiple services.
  • Likelihood: Medium.
  • Impact: High to Very High (depending on the compromised user's privileges).
  • Effort: Low (automated tools are readily available).
  • Skill Level: Intermediate.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium.

Attack Tree Path: Abuse CasaOS Features

• Misconfigured App Store -> HIGH RISK -> [CRITICAL]

  • Description: The attacker exploits a misconfiguration in the CasaOS App Store that allows them to install a malicious or vulnerable application. This could lead to remote code execution (RCE) and full system compromise.
  • Likelihood: Medium (depends on the App Store's vetting process).
  • Impact: Very High (potential for RCE and full system compromise).
  • Effort: Medium (finding or creating a malicious app).
  • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard.

• Abuse of System Commands (If Exposed) -> HIGH RISK -> [CRITICAL]

  • Description: If CasaOS exposes system commands through its interface or API without proper sanitization, the attacker injects malicious commands to gain control of the system.
  • Likelihood: Low (assuming proper input sanitization and a whitelist approach).
  • Impact: Very High (full system compromise).
  • Effort: Low (if commands are exposed and not sanitized).
  • Skill Level: Intermediate (basic command injection techniques).
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium.

Attack Tree Path: Exploit CasaOS Vulnerabilities

• Zero-Day in CasaOS Core [CRITICAL]

  • Description: The attacker exploits a previously unknown vulnerability in the core CasaOS code.
  • Likelihood: Low.
  • Impact: Very High (potential for full system compromise).
  • Effort: Very High (requires significant research and exploit development).
  • Skill Level: Expert.
  • Detection Difficulty: Very Hard (by definition, a zero-day is unknown).

• Known Vulnerability in a Dependency -> HIGH RISK ->

  • Description: The attacker exploits a known vulnerability in a third-party library or component used by CasaOS.
  • Likelihood: Medium.
  • Impact: High to Very High (depends on the vulnerability).
  • Effort: Low to Medium (exploits for known vulnerabilities are often publicly available).
  • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium (vulnerability scanners can detect known vulnerabilities).

• RCE via Vulnerable App Store App -> HIGH RISK -> [CRITICAL]

  • Description: The attacker exploits a known vulnerability in an application available in the CasaOS App Store that allows remote code execution.
  • Likelihood: Medium.
  • Impact: Very High (full system compromise).
  • Effort: Low to Medium (exploits might be publicly available).
  • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced.
  • Detection Difficulty: Medium.