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Attack Tree Analysis for kataras/iris

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Access/Disrupt Service via Iris

Attack Tree Visualization

[Attacker's Goal: Gain Unauthorized Access/Disrupt Service via Iris] | -------------------------------------------------- | | [Exploit Iris-Specific Vulnerabilities] [Abuse Iris Features/Misconfigurations] | |

| | | | | | [2. Middleware Flaws] [4. View Engine] [5. Dependency] [1. Routing Issues] [3. Session Mgmt] | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | [2.1] [4.1] [5.1] [1.2] [3.1] [3.2] Bypass Template Outdated Route Session Session AuthZ Injection Deps. Hijacking Fixation Hijacking

Attack Tree Path: 1. High-Risk Path: Dependency Exploitation

  • [5. Dependency Issues] -> [5.1] Outdated Deps.:
    • Description: Exploiting known vulnerabilities in outdated versions of libraries that Iris depends on, or outdated versions of Iris itself.
    • Likelihood: Medium
    • Impact: Varies (but often High, potentially leading to RCE or data breaches)
    • Effort: Low (Exploiting known vulnerabilities is often easy with publicly available tools)
    • Skill Level: Novice (Often requires using publicly available exploit code)
    • Detection Difficulty: Easy (Vulnerability scanners can identify outdated dependencies)
    • Mitigation:
      • Regularly update Iris and all its dependencies to the latest versions.
      • Use a dependency management tool (e.g., go mod) to track dependencies and their versions.
      • Employ a vulnerability scanner to automatically identify outdated dependencies.

Attack Tree Path: 2. High-Risk Path: Middleware Bypass

  • [2. Middleware Flaws] -> [2.1] Bypass AuthZ:
    • Description: Circumventing authentication or authorization checks implemented in Iris middleware (either custom middleware or Iris's built-in middleware).
    • Likelihood: Medium
    • Impact: High (Allows unauthorized access to protected resources, potentially with elevated privileges)
    • Effort: Medium (Requires finding a flaw in the middleware logic or configuration)
    • Skill Level: Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium (Can be detected by monitoring authentication and authorization logs, but bypasses might be subtle)
    • Mitigation:
      • Thoroughly review and test all middleware, especially custom middleware, for logic flaws and bypass vulnerabilities.
      • Ensure middleware is applied in the correct order and that there are no gaps in coverage.
      • Implement robust input validation and sanitization within middleware.
      • Follow the principle of least privilege.

Attack Tree Path: 3. High-Risk Path: Template Injection

  • [4. View Engine] -> [4.1] Template Injection:
    • Description: Injecting malicious code into template variables, leading to code execution within the context of the view engine (e.g., Pug, Handlebars).
    • Likelihood: Medium
    • Impact: High (Potential for Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the server)
    • Effort: Medium (Requires finding a vulnerable template and crafting the appropriate injection payload)
    • Skill Level: Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium (Can be detected by monitoring server logs and output, but sophisticated injections might be obfuscated)
    • Mitigation:
      • Use the view engine's built-in escaping mechanisms to automatically sanitize user input before rendering it in templates.
      • Avoid passing raw user input directly to templates.
      • Keep the view engine updated to the latest version to patch any known vulnerabilities.
      • Implement a Content Security Policy (CSP) to mitigate the impact of template injection.

Attack Tree Path: Nodes Approaching Critical Status (Detailed Breakdown): [1.2] Route Hijacking

  • [1.2] Route Hijacking:
    • Description: An attacker is able to redefine or override existing routes, potentially redirecting legitimate traffic.
    • Likelihood: Very Low
    • Impact: Very High
    • Effort: High
    • Skill Level: Expert
    • Detection Difficulty: Hard
    • Mitigation:
      • Monitor Iris's security advisories.
      • Ensure the framework is up-to-date.
      • Review route registration code.
      • Implement strong authentication and authorization.

Attack Tree Path: Nodes Approaching Critical Status (Detailed Breakdown): [3.1] Session Fixation

  • [3.1] Session Fixation:
    • Description: An attacker sets a known session ID for a victim, then waits for the victim to log in.
    • Likelihood: Low
    • Impact: High
    • Effort: Medium
    • Skill Level: Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Hard
    • Mitigation:
      • Regenerate session IDs after authentication.
      • Use HTTPS.
      • Set HttpOnly and Secure flags on cookies.

Attack Tree Path: Nodes Approaching Critical Status (Detailed Breakdown): [3.2] Session Hijacking

  • [3.2] Session Hijacking:
    • Description: An attacker steals a valid session ID.
    • Likelihood: Low (with HTTPS)
    • Impact: High
    • Effort: Low (without HTTPS), Medium (with HTTPS)
    • Skill Level: Novice (without HTTPS), Intermediate (with HTTPS)
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Mitigation:
      • Use HTTPS.
      • Set HttpOnly and Secure flags on cookies.
      • Implement session timeouts.