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Attack Tree Analysis for mattermost/mattermost-server

Objective: Compromise Application using Mattermost Server Vulnerabilities

Attack Tree Visualization

Compromise Application via Mattermost Server Vulnerabilities ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 1. Exploit Mattermost Server Vulnerabilities [HIGH-RISK PATH START] │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.1. Exploit Known Mattermost Vulnerabilities │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.1.1. Exploit Publicly Disclosed CVEs │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.1.1.3. Execute Exploit against Mattermost Server │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2. Exploit Mattermost API Vulnerabilities │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2.1. Authentication/Authorization Bypass │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2.1.3. Gain Unauthorized Access to API Resources │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2.3. API Injection Vulnerabilities (e.g., Command Injection, SQL Injection via API) │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2.3.3. Execute Malicious Commands/SQL on Mattermost Server │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.3. Exploit Mattermost Plugin Vulnerabilities │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.3.1. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Installed Plugins │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.3.1.3. Exploit Plugin Vulnerabilities (e.g., XSS, RCE, Path Traversal) │ │ ├── 1.3.2. Exploit Plugin Installation/Management Weaknesses │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 1.3.2.3. Execute Malicious Code via Plugin ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 2. Exploit Mattermost Features/Functionality for Malicious Purposes [HIGH-RISK PATH START] │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1. Abuse Webhooks and Integrations │ │ ├── 2.1.1. Compromise Webhook Credentials/URLs │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1.1.1. Phish for Webhook Credentials │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1.1.5. Use Compromised Webhooks to Inject Malicious Content/Commands │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1.2. Exploit Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via Webhooks/Integrations │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1.2.3. Access Internal Resources or Services via SSRF │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.2. Exploit File Upload Functionality │ │ │ ├── 2.2.1. Upload Malicious Files │ │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.2.1.2. Upload Malware (e.g., Web Shells, Executables) │ │ │ └── 2.2.2. Exploit Path Traversal via File Uploads │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.2.2.3. Overwrite Sensitive Files or Execute Code │ │ ├── 2.3. Exploit Message Formatting/Parsing Vulnerabilities │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.3.1. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Message Content │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 2.3.1.3. Steal User Credentials or Perform Actions on Behalf of Users ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 3. Exploit Mattermost Misconfiguration or Weak Deployment [HIGH-RISK PATH START] │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.1. Exploit Insecure Configuration │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.1.1. Default Credentials │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.1.1.2. Gain Admin Access and Control Mattermost Server │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.1.2. Weak Passwords │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.1.2.2. Gain Access to User Accounts and Sensitive Information │ │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.1.4. Exposed Admin Panel │ │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.1.4.3. Gain Admin Access and Control Mattermost Server │ ├── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.2. Outdated Mattermost Version │ │ └── [CRITICAL NODE] 3.2.2. Exploit Known Vulnerabilities in Outdated Version

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Mattermost Server Vulnerabilities

  • Attack Vectors:

    • Targeting known vulnerabilities (CVEs) in Mattermost Server software.

    • Exploiting weaknesses in the Mattermost API.

    • Leveraging vulnerabilities within Mattermost plugins.

    • 1.1.1.3. Execute Exploit against Mattermost Server:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Using publicly available exploit code for known CVEs.
        • Developing custom exploits for recently disclosed or less common vulnerabilities.
        • Utilizing exploit frameworks to automate the exploitation process.

    • 1.2.1.3. Gain Unauthorized Access to API Resources:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Exploiting authentication bypass vulnerabilities in API endpoints.
        • Circumventing authorization checks to access resources without proper permissions.
        • Leveraging flaws in JWT (JSON Web Token) implementation or OAuth misconfigurations.

    • 1.2.3.3. Execute Malicious Commands/SQL on Mattermost Server:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Injecting operating system commands into API endpoints vulnerable to command injection.
        • Exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities in API endpoints interacting with the database.
        • Crafting malicious API requests to manipulate server-side logic and execute arbitrary code.

    • 1.3.1.3. Exploit Plugin Vulnerabilities:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Exploiting Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in plugin interfaces to execute malicious scripts in user browsers.
        • Leveraging Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerabilities in plugins to execute arbitrary code on the Mattermost server.
        • Exploiting Path Traversal vulnerabilities in plugins to access or modify files outside the intended plugin directory.

    • 1.3.2.3. Execute Malicious Code via Plugin:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Uploading a malicious plugin designed to execute arbitrary code upon installation or activation.
        • Exploiting weaknesses in plugin installation or management processes to inject malicious code.
        • Leveraging plugin update mechanisms to push malicious updates containing backdoors or exploits.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Mattermost Features/Functionality for Malicious Purposes

  • Attack Vectors:

    • Abusing legitimate features like webhooks and integrations for malicious activities.

    • Exploiting file upload functionality to introduce malware or gain unauthorized access.

    • Leveraging message formatting and parsing vulnerabilities to inject malicious content.

    • 2.1.1.1. Phish for Webhook Credentials:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Creating phishing emails or messages that mimic legitimate Mattermost notifications or requests.
        • Tricking users into revealing webhook URLs or secret tokens through social engineering tactics.
        • Compromising user accounts to gain access to webhook configurations.

    • 2.1.1.5. Use Compromised Webhooks to Inject Malicious Content/Commands:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Sending malicious messages through compromised webhooks to spread phishing links or malware.
        • Injecting commands or data through webhooks to manipulate the application or backend systems.
        • Using webhooks to exfiltrate sensitive information from Mattermost channels.

    • 2.1.2.3. Access Internal Resources or Services via SSRF:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Crafting malicious webhook payloads that trigger Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerabilities.
        • Using SSRF to scan internal networks and identify vulnerable services.
        • Accessing internal APIs, databases, or other sensitive resources that are not directly accessible from the internet.

    • 2.2.1.2. Upload Malware (e.g., Web Shells, Executables):

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Bypassing file type restrictions to upload malicious files like web shells or executables.
        • Uploading malware disguised as legitimate file types (e.g., image files with embedded payloads).
        • Exploiting vulnerabilities in file processing to trigger malware execution upon upload.

    • 2.2.2.3. Overwrite Sensitive Files or Execute Code:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Crafting filenames with path traversal sequences (e.g., ../../) to upload files to arbitrary locations.
        • Overwriting sensitive system files or application configuration files to disrupt services or gain control.
        • Uploading web shells to web-accessible directories to achieve remote code execution.

    • 2.3.1.3. Steal User Credentials or Perform Actions on Behalf of Users:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Injecting Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) payloads into messages to steal user session cookies or credentials.
        • Using XSS to redirect users to phishing pages or malicious websites.
        • Performing actions on behalf of users without their consent by leveraging XSS to manipulate the application interface.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Exploit Mattermost Misconfiguration or Weak Deployment

  • Attack Vectors:

    • Exploiting insecure configurations like default credentials or exposed admin panels.

    • Leveraging weak passwords to gain unauthorized access to user accounts.

    • Taking advantage of outdated Mattermost versions with known vulnerabilities.

    • 3.1.1.2. Gain Admin Access and Control Mattermost Server:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Attempting default usernames and passwords for administrator accounts.
        • Using lists of common default credentials to brute-force admin login pages.
        • Exploiting any publicly known default credential vulnerabilities in specific Mattermost versions.

    • 3.1.2.2. Gain Access to User Accounts and Sensitive Information:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Performing brute-force or dictionary attacks against user login pages to guess weak passwords.
        • Using credential stuffing techniques if user credentials have been compromised in other breaches.
        • Exploiting password reset vulnerabilities to gain access to user accounts without knowing the original password.

    • 3.1.4.3. Gain Admin Access and Control Mattermost Server:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Identifying publicly accessible Mattermost admin panels (often at /admin_console).
        • Attempting to brute-force or use default credentials to access the exposed admin panel.
        • Exploiting any authentication bypass vulnerabilities in the admin panel login process.

    • 3.2.2. Exploit Known Vulnerabilities in Outdated Version:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Identifying outdated Mattermost versions through banner grabbing or version disclosure.
        • Using vulnerability databases to find known CVEs affecting the identified outdated version.
        • Utilizing publicly available exploit code or exploit frameworks to target the known vulnerabilities.