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Mitigation Strategies Analysis for ory/kratos

Mitigation Strategy: Strict Identity Schema Definition and Management

1. Mitigation Strategy: Strict Identity Schema Definition and Management

  • Description:

    1. Analyze Requirements: Determine the minimum necessary user data (traits).
    2. Define Schema (JSON Schema): Create a JSON Schema within Kratos, defining each trait with:
      • type: (e.g., string, number, boolean, array, object)
      • format: (e.g., email, date-time, uri)
      • minLength, maxLength: For strings.
      • pattern: Regular expressions for complex validation.
      • enum: For limited sets of allowed values.
      • required: Mark mandatory traits.
      • readOnly: For traits not modifiable after creation.
    3. Implement Versioning (Kratos Feature): Use Kratos's built-in schema versioning. Each schema change creates a new version.
    4. Create Migration Scripts: Develop database migration scripts integrated with Kratos's migration system to handle schema changes, updating existing user data.
    5. Test Migrations: Thoroughly test migration scripts in a staging environment, leveraging Kratos's testing tools.
    6. Regular Audits: Schedule regular audits of the identity schema within Kratos's configuration.
    7. Automated Checks: Integrate schema validation checks into the CI/CD pipeline, using Kratos's CLI or API to validate the schema before deployment.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Exposure of Sensitive User Data (High Severity): Well-defined schema limits data stored.
    • Privilege Escalation (High Severity): Strict validation prevents trait manipulation.
    • Account Takeover (High Severity): Strong password policies and validation.
    • Data Integrity Issues (Medium Severity): Schema validation ensures consistency.
    • Denial of Service (DoS) via Schema Manipulation (Low Severity): Well-formed schemas prevent exploits.

  • Impact:

    • Exposure of Sensitive User Data: Risk significantly reduced.
    • Privilege Escalation: Risk significantly reduced.
    • Account Takeover: Risk reduced.
    • Data Integrity Issues: Risk significantly reduced.
    • DoS via Schema Manipulation: Risk minimized.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Basic schema defined in identity.schema.json.
    • Password strength requirements (regex).
    • Email format validation.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Schema versioning and Kratos-integrated migration scripts.
    • Regular schema audits within Kratos.
    • Automated schema validation in CI/CD using Kratos tools.
    • readOnly attributes.
    • enum restrictions.
    • Additional server-side validation within Kratos hooks.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Flow Configuration and Kratos-Specific Features

2. Mitigation Strategy: Secure Flow Configuration and Kratos-Specific Features

  • Description:

    1. Review Pre-Built Flows: Start with Kratos's pre-built flows and customize carefully.
    2. Document Flow Logic: Document the intended logic of each flow, including custom steps.
    3. Rate Limiting (Kratos Feature): Configure Kratos's built-in rate limiting for each flow:
      • Login attempts (per IP/user).
      • Registration attempts.
      • Password recovery requests.
      • Email verification requests.
      • Use Kratos's configuration options for rate limiting.
    4. Session Management (Kratos Configuration): Configure secure session management within Kratos:
      • Session Duration: Set appropriate timeouts in Kratos's configuration.
      • Cookie Attributes: Use HttpOnly, Secure, and SameSite attributes via Kratos's cookie settings.
      • Session Invalidation: Ensure sessions are invalidated upon logout, password change, etc., using Kratos's hooks and events.
    5. Thorough Testing (Kratos-Focused): Perform extensive testing of all flows, using Kratos's testing utilities and focusing on Kratos-specific features.
    6. Regular Review: Periodically review the flow configurations (YAML/JSON) within Kratos.
    7. Kratos Hooks: Implement server-side input validation and other security checks using Kratos hooks (e.g., pre-registration, post-login). This allows for custom logic within Kratos's execution flow.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Authentication Bypass (Critical Severity): Secure configuration and testing.
    • Account Enumeration (Medium Severity): Rate limiting and error handling.
    • Brute-Force Attacks (High Severity): Kratos's rate limiting.
    • Session Hijacking (High Severity): Secure session management within Kratos.
    • Denial of Service (DoS) (Medium Severity): Kratos's rate limiting.

  • Impact:

    • Authentication Bypass: Risk significantly reduced.
    • Account Enumeration: Risk mitigated.
    • Brute-Force Attacks: Risk significantly reduced.
    • Session Hijacking: Risk significantly reduced.
    • DoS: Risk mitigated.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Basic flow configurations.
    • HttpOnly and Secure cookie attributes (via Kratos).

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Kratos-specific rate limiting is not configured.
    • SameSite cookie attribute is not set (within Kratos).
    • Comprehensive flow testing (using Kratos tools).
    • Regular flow configuration reviews (within Kratos).
    • Kratos hooks are not used for additional validation.

Mitigation Strategy: Leveraging Kratos's Built-in Security Features and Hooks

3. Mitigation Strategy: Leveraging Kratos's Built-in Security Features and Hooks

  • Description:

    1. Explore Kratos Features: Thoroughly review the Kratos documentation to identify all available security-related features and configuration options.
    2. Implement Hooks: Use Kratos hooks (pre- and post-hooks for various flows) to implement custom security logic:
      • Pre-Registration Hook: Perform additional validation before an account is created (e.g., check against a blacklist, verify data with an external service).
      • Post-Login Hook: Implement custom actions after successful login (e.g., update last login timestamp, trigger notifications).
      • Pre-Recovery Hook: Add extra security checks before allowing password recovery (e.g., require additional verification steps).
    3. Use Kratos's API: Interact with Kratos programmatically using its API for tasks such as:
      • User management (creating, updating, deleting users).
      • Session management (retrieving, invalidating sessions).
      • Identity verification.
      • Ensure API interactions are authenticated and authorized appropriately.
    4. Configure Kratos's built-in features:
      • Self-Service Flows: Carefully configure self-service flows (registration, login, recovery, settings) to balance usability and security.
      • Error Handling: Customize error messages to avoid revealing sensitive information (e.g., don't distinguish between "invalid username" and "invalid password").
      • Notification System: Use Kratos's notification system (if enabled) to send security-related notifications to users (e.g., password change notifications, suspicious login alerts).

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Authentication Bypass (Critical Severity): Hooks and API usage allow for custom security checks.
    • Account Takeover (High Severity): Hooks can add extra verification steps.
    • Data Integrity Issues (Medium Severity): Hooks can enforce custom validation rules.
    • Various Flow-Specific Vulnerabilities (Variable Severity): Hooks and careful configuration of self-service flows mitigate risks.

  • Impact:

    • Authentication Bypass: Risk reduced by custom security logic.
    • Account Takeover: Risk reduced by additional verification.
    • Data Integrity Issues: Risk reduced by custom validation.
    • Flow-Specific Vulnerabilities: Risk mitigated by tailored security measures.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Basic self-service flows are configured.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Kratos hooks are not used.
    • The Kratos API is not used extensively for security-related tasks.
    • Custom error handling is not fully implemented within Kratos.
    • Kratos's notification system is not utilized.

Mitigation Strategy: Kratos Update and Configuration Management

4. Mitigation Strategy: Kratos Update and Configuration Management

  • Description:

    1. Stay Up-to-Date: Regularly update Kratos to the latest stable version using Kratos's recommended update procedures.
    2. Monitor Release Notes: Carefully review Kratos release notes and security advisories for critical updates and vulnerability fixes.
    3. Automated Updates (with Testing): Consider automating Kratos updates, but always test updates in a staging environment before deploying to production, using Kratos's testing framework.
    4. Configuration Management: Treat Kratos's configuration (YAML or JSON) as code:
      • Store the configuration in a version control system (e.g., Git).
      • Use a CI/CD pipeline to deploy configuration changes.
      • Validate the configuration before deployment using Kratos's CLI or API.
    5. Regularly review Kratos configuration: Check for deprecated settings, inefficient configurations, or potential security weaknesses.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Exploitation of Known Vulnerabilities (High Severity): Regular updates patch known vulnerabilities in Kratos itself.
    • Configuration Errors (Variable Severity): Version control and validation prevent misconfigurations.
    • Downtime Due to Updates (Medium Severity): Testing updates in staging reduces the risk of production outages.

  • Impact:

    • Exploitation of Known Vulnerabilities: Risk significantly reduced.
    • Configuration Errors: Risk minimized.
    • Downtime Due to Updates: Risk mitigated.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Kratos is updated manually.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Automated updates (with testing) are not implemented.
    • Kratos configuration is not managed in version control.
    • Configuration validation before deployment is not automated.
    • Regular configuration reviews are not performed.