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Mitigation Strategies Analysis for shopify/sarama

Mitigation Strategy: Enforce TLS Encryption (Sarama Configuration)

  • Mitigation Strategy: Enforce TLS Encryption for all Kafka communication using Sarama's configuration options.

  • Description:

    1. Obtain Certificates: Obtain valid TLS certificates (CA, client certificate, client key).
    2. Configure Sarama: In your Sarama configuration (sarama.Config):
      • Config.Net.TLS.Enable = true
      • Config.Net.TLS.Config = &tls.Config{...}: Populate this with certificate information. Load the CA certificate, client certificate, and client key. 
        tlsConfig = &tls.Config{
    Certificates: []tls.Certificate{clientCert}, // Load client cert and key
    RootCAs:      caCertPool,                   // Load CA cert
}
config.Net.TLS.Config = tlsConfig
      • Crucially: Avoid InsecureSkipVerify = true in production. If used during development, remove it before deployment.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks: (Severity: High)
    • Data Eavesdropping: (Severity: High)
    • Unauthorized Access: (Severity: Medium) - Contributes to authentication.

  • Impact:

    • MITM Attacks: Risk reduced to near zero with proper certificate validation.
    • Data Eavesdropping: Risk reduced to near zero.
    • Unauthorized Access: Risk significantly reduced (with SASL).

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Partially. TLS enabled in producer (producer/config.go), but InsecureSkipVerify = true. consumer (consumer/config.go) has no TLS.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Remove InsecureSkipVerify = true from producer.
    • Implement TLS in consumer, including certificate loading.

Mitigation Strategy: Implement SASL Authentication (Sarama Configuration)

  • Mitigation Strategy: Implement SASL Authentication using Sarama's configuration.

  • Description:

    1. Choose a SASL Mechanism: Select SASL/SCRAM-SHA-256, SASL/SCRAM-SHA-512, SASL/PLAIN, SASL/GSSAPI, or SASL/OAUTHBEARER.
    2. Configure Sarama: In your sarama.Config:
      • Config.Net.SASL.Enable = true
      • Config.Net.SASL.Mechanism = sarama.SASLTypeSCRAMSHA256 (or your choice)
      • Config.Net.SASL.User = "your_kafka_user"
      • Config.Net.SASL.Password = "your_kafka_password" (or credentials for other mechanisms)
      • For SCRAM, you might need Config.Net.SASL.SCRAMClientGeneratorFunc.
      • For OAUTHBEARER, you will need to set Config.Net.SASL.TokenProvider.
    3. Secure Credential Storage: Never hardcode credentials. Use environment variables or a secrets management service.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Unauthorized Access: (Severity: High)
    • Brute-Force Attacks: (Severity: Medium) - Strong SASL mechanisms help.
    • Credential Theft: (Severity: High) - Secure storage is crucial.

  • Impact:

    • Unauthorized Access: Risk near zero with proper SASL and strong credentials.
    • Brute-Force Attacks: Risk significantly reduced with strong SASL.
    • Credential Theft: Risk significantly reduced with secure storage.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Not implemented. Neither producer nor consumer have SASL configured.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Implement SASL in both producer and consumer.
    • Implement secure credential storage.

Mitigation Strategy: Configure Consumer Group Settings (Sarama Configuration)

  • Mitigation Strategy: Configure Sarama's Consumer Group settings to optimize rebalancing and failure detection.

  • Description:

    1. Session.Timeout and Heartbeat.Interval:
      • Config.Consumer.Group.Session.Timeout: Set to a reasonable value (e.g., 10-30 seconds) based on processing time and latency.
      • Config.Consumer.Group.Heartbeat.Interval: Should be significantly less than Session.Timeout (e.g., 1/3).
    2. Rebalance.Timeout: Set Config.Consumer.Group.Rebalance.Timeout.
    3. Static Membership (Optional): If using Kafka 2.3+, consider static membership: Config.Consumer.Group.InstanceId = "unique_id".

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • DoS due to Frequent Rebalancing: (Severity: Medium)
    • Delayed Failure Detection: (Severity: Medium)
    • Data Loss/Duplication (Indirectly): (Severity: Low)

  • Impact:

    • DoS (Rebalancing): Risk significantly reduced with proper timeouts and static membership.
    • Delayed Failure Detection: Risk significantly reduced with proper timeouts.
    • Data Loss/Duplication: Risk indirectly reduced.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Partially. consumer has basic settings, but not optimized. Defaults used for timeouts.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Tune Session.Timeout and Heartbeat.Interval.
    • Consider static membership.

Mitigation Strategy: Control Producer and Consumer Resource Usage (Sarama Configuration)

  • Mitigation Strategy: Control resource usage via Sarama's producer and consumer configuration.

  • Description:

    • Producer:
      1. Config.Producer.Flush Settings:
        • Config.Producer.Flush.Frequency
        • Config.Producer.Flush.Messages
        • Config.Producer.Flush.Bytes
        • Tune these based on throughput and broker capacity.
      2. Config.Producer.MaxMessageBytes: Set a reasonable limit.
    • Consumer:
      1. Config.Consumer.Fetch.Default and Config.Consumer.Fetch.Max:
        • Set these to avoid fetching excessive data.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • DoS (Producer): (Severity: High) - Overwhelming brokers.
    • DoS (Consumer): (Severity: High) - Excessive resource consumption.
    • Application Instability: (Severity: Medium)

  • Impact:

    • DoS (Producer): Risk significantly reduced with proper buffer sizes and MaxMessageBytes.
    • DoS (Consumer): Risk significantly reduced with controlled fetch sizes.
    • Application Instability: Risk significantly reduced.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Partially. producer and consumer have some settings, but not fully optimized.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Tune Config.Producer.Flush settings.
    • Tune Config.Consumer.Fetch settings.
    • Set Config.Producer.MaxMessageBytes.

Mitigation Strategy: Implement Robust Error Handling and Recovery (Sarama Usage)

  • Mitigation Strategy: Use Sarama's features and proper coding practices for robust error handling.

  • Description:

    1. Check All Errors: Always check errors returned by Sarama functions.
    2. Idempotent Producers: Use Config.Producer.Idempotent = true (Kafka 0.11+).
    3. Transactional Producers: For exactly-once semantics, use Sarama's transactional API.
    4. Offset Management: Carefully manage consumer offsets. Choose between automatic (Config.Consumer.Offsets.AutoCommit.Enable = true) and manual committing. If manual, commit after successful processing.

  • Threats Mitigated:

    • Data Loss: (Severity: High)
    • Data Duplication: (Severity: Medium)
    • Application Crashes: (Severity: High)
    • Inconsistent State: (Severity: High)

  • Impact:

    • Data Loss: Risk significantly reduced with error handling, retries, and potentially DLQs (DLQs themselves are not a direct Sarama feature).
    • Data Duplication: Risk significantly reduced with idempotent/transactional producers and offset management.
    • Application Crashes: Risk significantly reduced with error handling.
    • Inconsistent State: Risk significantly reduced with transactions and offset management.

  • Currently Implemented:

    • Partially. Basic error handling exists, but not comprehensive. No retries or DLQs.

  • Missing Implementation:

    • Idempotent or transactional producers should be considered.
    • Offset management needs review and potential improvement.