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sec-design.md

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Okay, let's create a design document for the go-zero project.

BUSINESS POSTURE

Business Priorities and Goals:

  • Provide a robust and performant web and RPC framework for building microservices in Go.
  • Simplify the development of microservices by offering built-in features like service discovery, load balancing, circuit breaking, and rate limiting.
  • Reduce development time and effort by providing code generation tools and a consistent development experience.
  • Improve the reliability and resilience of microservices through built-in fault tolerance mechanisms.
  • Enable easy integration with other systems and services.
  • Offer a framework that is easy to learn and use, even for developers new to microservices.
  • Maintain high performance and low resource consumption.

Business Risks:

  • Inconsistent adoption: If the framework is not widely adopted, community support and the availability of third-party integrations may be limited.
  • Complexity: While aiming for simplicity, the framework might introduce its own complexities, especially for larger, more intricate systems.
  • Performance bottlenecks: If not carefully designed and used, the framework's features (like middleware) could introduce performance overhead.
  • Security vulnerabilities: Any vulnerabilities in the framework could expose applications built with it to significant risks.
  • Vendor lock-in: Adopting go-zero might lead to a degree of vendor lock-in, making it harder to switch to other frameworks later.
  • Maintenance and updates: The long-term maintenance and updates of the framework are crucial for its continued viability.
  • Lack of specific features: The framework may not cover all the specific needs of every project, requiring custom solutions or workarounds.

SECURITY POSTURE

Existing Security Controls:

  • security control: API Gateway features: go-zero includes built-in features for API gateway functionality, such as routing, middleware, and request/response transformations. (Described in go-zero documentation and examples).
  • security control: Rate limiting: go-zero provides built-in rate limiting capabilities to protect services from abuse and overload. (Described in go-zero documentation and examples).
  • security control: Circuit breaking: go-zero includes circuit breaking functionality to prevent cascading failures in distributed systems. (Described in go-zero documentation and examples).
  • security control: Timeout control: go-zero allows developers to set timeouts for requests to prevent resource exhaustion. (Described in go-zero documentation and examples).
  • security control: Middleware support: go-zero's middleware architecture allows developers to implement custom security logic, such as authentication and authorization. (Described in go-zero documentation and examples).
  • security control: Secure by default configurations (mitigation for common web vulnerabilities): While not explicitly stated, well-designed frameworks often have secure defaults. (Needs verification in go-zero documentation and code).
  • security control: Dependency management: Go's module system helps manage dependencies and their security. (Implicit in Go development).

Accepted Risks:

  • accepted risk: The framework's reliance on third-party libraries introduces the risk of vulnerabilities in those dependencies.
  • accepted risk: The framework's code generation tools, while convenient, could potentially introduce vulnerabilities if not carefully designed and used.
  • accepted risk: Misconfiguration of security features (like rate limiting or circuit breaking) could lead to denial-of-service or other security issues.
  • accepted risk: The framework itself might contain undiscovered security vulnerabilities.

Recommended Security Controls:

  • Implement authentication and authorization middleware: Ensure robust authentication and authorization mechanisms are in place for all APIs.
  • Implement input validation and sanitization: Validate and sanitize all user inputs to prevent injection attacks.
  • Use secure coding practices: Follow secure coding guidelines to minimize vulnerabilities.
  • Regularly update dependencies: Keep all dependencies up-to-date to patch known vulnerabilities.
  • Perform security audits and penetration testing: Regularly assess the security of applications built with go-zero.
  • Implement logging and monitoring: Monitor application logs for suspicious activity.
  • Consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF): A WAF can provide an additional layer of security against common web attacks.

Security Requirements:

  • Authentication:
    • All APIs should require authentication, except for explicitly defined public endpoints.
    • Support multiple authentication mechanisms (e.g., JWT, OAuth 2.0, API keys).
    • Securely store and manage user credentials.
    • Implement robust password policies.
  • Authorization:
    • Implement role-based access control (RBAC) or attribute-based access control (ABAC).
    • Enforce the principle of least privilege.
    • Authorize access to resources based on user roles and permissions.
  • Input Validation:
    • Validate all user inputs against a strict whitelist of allowed characters and formats.
    • Sanitize all user inputs to prevent cross-site scripting (XSS) and other injection attacks.
    • Validate data types, lengths, and ranges.
  • Cryptography:
    • Use strong, industry-standard cryptographic algorithms for encryption and hashing.
    • Securely manage cryptographic keys.
    • Use HTTPS for all communication.
    • Protect sensitive data at rest using encryption.

DESIGN

C4 CONTEXT

graph LR
    subgraph "Internet"
        User(("User"))
    end
    subgraph "go-zero system"
        GoZeroAPI(("go-zero API"))
    end
    subgraph "External Systems"
        Database(("Database"))
        AuthService(("Auth Service"))
        ThirdPartyAPI(("Third-Party API"))
    end

    User -- "Uses" --> GoZeroAPI
    GoZeroAPI -- "Reads/Writes" --> Database
    GoZeroAPI -- "Authenticates with" --> AuthService
    GoZeroAPI -- "Integrates with" --> ThirdPartyAPI
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Element Descriptions:

  • Element:

    • Name: User
    • Type: Person
    • Description: A user of the go-zero API, typically a web browser or mobile application.
    • Responsibilities: Initiates requests to the go-zero API.
    • Security controls: Browser security features, secure communication protocols (HTTPS).

  • Element:

    • Name: go-zero API
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: The main application built using the go-zero framework.
    • Responsibilities: Handles user requests, processes data, interacts with external systems.
    • Security controls: Authentication, authorization, input validation, rate limiting, circuit breaking, timeout control.

  • Element:

    • Name: Database
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: A database used to store application data.
    • Responsibilities: Stores and retrieves data.
    • Security controls: Database access controls, encryption at rest, encryption in transit.

  • Element:

    • Name: Auth Service
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: An external service used for authentication and authorization.
    • Responsibilities: Authenticates users, issues tokens, manages user roles and permissions.
    • Security controls: Secure authentication protocols, secure token management, access controls.

  • Element:

    • Name: Third-Party API
    • Type: Software System
    • Description: An external API used for integration with other systems.
    • Responsibilities: Provides specific functionality or data.
    • Security controls: API keys, OAuth 2.0, rate limiting, input validation.

C4 CONTAINER

graph LR
    subgraph "go-zero API"
        User(("User"))
        APIGateway(("API Gateway"))
        ServiceA(("Service A"))
        ServiceB(("Service B"))
        Database(("Database"))
        AuthService(("Auth Service"))

        User -- "Uses" --> APIGateway
        APIGateway -- "Routes requests to" --> ServiceA
        APIGateway -- "Routes requests to" --> ServiceB
        ServiceA -- "Reads/Writes" --> Database
        ServiceB -- "Reads/Writes" --> Database
        ServiceA -- "Authenticates with" --> AuthService
        ServiceB -- "Authenticates with" --> AuthService
    end
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Element Descriptions:

  • Element:

    • Name: User
    • Type: Person
    • Description: A user of the go-zero API.
    • Responsibilities: Initiates requests to the API Gateway.
    • Security controls: Browser security features, secure communication protocols (HTTPS).

  • Element:

    • Name: API Gateway
    • Type: Container (go-zero component)
    • Description: The entry point for all API requests. Handles routing, authentication, and other cross-cutting concerns.
    • Responsibilities: Routes requests to the appropriate service, performs authentication and authorization, enforces rate limiting, handles circuit breaking.
    • Security controls: Authentication, authorization, input validation, rate limiting, circuit breaking, timeout control.

  • Element:

    • Name: Service A
    • Type: Container (go-zero service)
    • Description: A microservice that provides specific functionality.
    • Responsibilities: Handles business logic, interacts with the database.
    • Security controls: Input validation, business logic validation, secure communication with the database.

  • Element:

    • Name: Service B
    • Type: Container (go-zero service)
    • Description: Another microservice that provides different functionality.
    • Responsibilities: Handles business logic, interacts with the database.
    • Security controls: Input validation, business logic validation, secure communication with the database.

  • Element:

    • Name: Database
    • Type: Container (Database)
    • Description: A database used to store application data.
    • Responsibilities: Stores and retrieves data.
    • Security controls: Database access controls, encryption at rest, encryption in transit.

  • Element:

    • Name: AuthService
    • Type: Container (External Service)
    • Description: External service used for authentication.
    • Responsibilities: Authenticates users.
    • Security controls: Secure authentication protocols.

DEPLOYMENT

Possible Deployment Solutions:

  1. Kubernetes: Deploying go-zero services as Docker containers within a Kubernetes cluster. This is the most common and recommended approach for microservices.
  2. Virtual Machines: Deploying go-zero services directly on virtual machines (e.g., AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine).
  3. Serverless Functions: Deploying individual go-zero handlers as serverless functions (e.g., AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions). This is suitable for specific use cases where fine-grained scalability is required.
  4. Bare Metal: Deploying directly on physical servers.

Chosen Solution (Kubernetes):

graph LR
    subgraph "Kubernetes Cluster"
        subgraph "Namespace (go-zero-app)"
            APIGateway(("API Gateway (Deployment)"))
            ServiceA(("Service A (Deployment)"))
            ServiceB(("Service B (Deployment)"))
            Database(("Database (StatefulSet)"))
            Ingress(("Ingress Controller"))

            Ingress -- "Routes traffic to" --> APIGateway
            APIGateway -- "Routes requests to" --> ServiceA
            APIGateway -- "Routes requests to" --> ServiceB
            ServiceA -- "Reads/Writes" --> Database
            ServiceB -- "Reads/Writes" --> Database
        end
    end
    subgraph "External Services"
        AuthService(("Auth Service (External)"))
    end
    APIGateway -- "Authenticates with" --> AuthService
    ServiceA -- "Authenticates with" --> AuthService
    ServiceB -- "Authenticates with" --> AuthService
    User(("User")) -- "HTTPS" --> Ingress
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Element Descriptions:

  • Element:

    • Name: User
    • Type: Person
    • Description: A user accessing the application.
    • Responsibilities: Initiates requests.
    • Security controls: HTTPS connection.

  • Element:

    • Name: Ingress Controller
    • Type: Kubernetes Ingress
    • Description: Manages external access to the services in the cluster, typically HTTP.
    • Responsibilities: Routes external traffic to the API Gateway.
    • Security controls: TLS termination, potentially a Web Application Firewall (WAF).

  • Element:

    • Name: API Gateway (Deployment)
    • Type: Kubernetes Deployment
    • Description: A deployment of the API Gateway container.
    • Responsibilities: Handles routing, authentication, and other cross-cutting concerns.
    • Security controls: Network policies, resource limits, potentially sidecar containers for security (e.g., service mesh).

  • Element:

    • Name: Service A (Deployment)
    • Type: Kubernetes Deployment
    • Description: A deployment of the Service A container.
    • Responsibilities: Handles business logic for Service A.
    • Security controls: Network policies, resource limits.

  • Element:

    • Name: Service B (Deployment)
    • Type: Kubernetes Deployment
    • Description: A deployment of the Service B container.
    • Responsibilities: Handles business logic for Service B.
    • Security controls: Network policies, resource limits.

  • Element:

    • Name: Database (StatefulSet)
    • Type: Kubernetes StatefulSet
    • Description: A StatefulSet managing the database deployment, ensuring persistent storage.
    • Responsibilities: Provides persistent data storage.
    • Security controls: Network policies, persistent volume encryption, database access controls.

  • Element:

    • Name: Auth Service (External)
    • Type: External Service
    • Description: External service used for authentication.
    • Responsibilities: Authenticates users.
    • Security controls: Secure communication protocols.

BUILD

The build process for go-zero projects typically involves the following steps:

  1. Developer writes code and commits it to a version control system (e.g., Git).
  2. A Continuous Integration (CI) system (e.g., GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI) detects the changes.
  3. The CI system checks out the code.
  4. The CI system runs linters (e.g., golangci-lint) to check for code style and potential errors.
  5. The CI system runs unit tests and integration tests.
  6. The CI system builds the Go binaries using go build.
  7. The CI system builds Docker images using docker build. This step often uses a Dockerfile that defines the build environment and dependencies.
  8. The CI system runs security scanners on the code (SAST - Static Application Security Testing) and on the Docker images (container scanning). Examples include gosec for Go code and trivy or clair for container images.
  9. The CI system pushes the Docker images to a container registry (e.g., Docker Hub, Google Container Registry, AWS Elastic Container Registry).
  10. The CI system might also trigger deployments to a staging or production environment.
graph LR
    Developer(("Developer")) -- "Commits code" --> VCS(("Version Control System (Git)"))
    VCS -- "Triggers build" --> CI(("CI System (GitHub Actions)"))
    CI -- "Runs linters" --> Linters(("Linters (golangci-lint)"))
    CI -- "Runs tests" --> Tests(("Tests (go test)"))
    CI -- "Builds binaries" --> GoBuild(("go build"))
    CI -- "Builds Docker images" --> DockerBuild(("docker build"))
    CI -- "Runs SAST" --> SAST(("SAST (gosec)"))
    CI -- "Runs container scanning" --> ContainerScanning(("Container Scanning (trivy)"))
    CI -- "Pushes images" --> ContainerRegistry(("Container Registry"))
    ContainerRegistry -- "Used for deployment" --> Kubernetes(("Kubernetes Cluster"))
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Security Controls in the Build Process:

  • security control: Version Control System (Git): Tracks code changes and allows for auditing and rollbacks.
  • security control: CI System (GitHub Actions): Automates the build process and ensures consistency.
  • security control: Linters (golangci-lint): Enforces code style and detects potential errors.
  • security control: Tests (go test): Ensures code functionality and helps prevent regressions.
  • security control: SAST (gosec): Scans Go code for security vulnerabilities.
  • security control: Container Scanning (trivy): Scans Docker images for known vulnerabilities in dependencies and the operating system.
  • security control: Secure Container Registry: Stores Docker images securely and controls access.
  • security control: Signed Commits: Ensures the integrity and authenticity of code commits.
  • security control: Dependency Management: Go modules help manage dependencies and their versions, reducing the risk of using vulnerable libraries.

RISK ASSESSMENT

Critical Business Processes:

  • API availability and responsiveness: The APIs provided by go-zero applications are critical for business operations. Any downtime or performance degradation can directly impact users and business processes.
  • Data integrity and consistency: The data stored and processed by go-zero applications must be accurate and consistent. Data corruption or loss can have severe consequences.
  • User authentication and authorization: Secure access control is essential to protect sensitive data and prevent unauthorized actions.
  • Integration with external systems: The ability to reliably integrate with other systems and services is often crucial for business operations.

Data Sensitivity:

  • User data (PII): Personally identifiable information (PII) such as names, email addresses, and other personal details must be protected according to privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA).
  • Financial data: If the application handles financial transactions or data, this data is highly sensitive and requires strong protection.
  • Authentication credentials: Usernames, passwords, API keys, and other credentials must be stored and handled securely.
  • Business-sensitive data: This may include proprietary information, trade secrets, or other data that could harm the business if exposed.
  • Application data: Data specific for application business logic.

QUESTIONS & ASSUMPTIONS

Questions:

  • What specific third-party libraries are used by go-zero, and what is their security posture?
  • Are there any existing security audits or penetration test reports for go-zero?
  • What is the process for reporting and addressing security vulnerabilities in go-zero?
  • What are the specific performance requirements and scalability targets for applications built with go-zero?
  • What are the specific deployment environments and infrastructure used for go-zero applications?
  • What level of logging and monitoring is implemented in go-zero and applications built with it?
  • Are there any specific compliance requirements (e.g., PCI DSS, HIPAA) that need to be considered?
  • What is the expected lifespan of applications built with go-zero, and what is the plan for long-term maintenance and updates?
  • What is the process for managing secrets (e.g., API keys, database credentials) in go-zero applications?
  • What is the team's experience and expertise in building secure microservices?

Assumptions:

  • BUSINESS POSTURE: The go-zero project aims to provide a secure and reliable framework for building microservices, but ultimate security responsibility lies with the developers using the framework.
  • SECURITY POSTURE: Developers will follow secure coding practices and implement appropriate security controls in their applications.
  • SECURITY POSTURE: The go-zero community will actively address reported security vulnerabilities.
  • SECURITY POSTURE: The deployment environment will be properly secured and configured.
  • DESIGN: The application will be deployed in a Kubernetes environment.
  • DESIGN: An external authentication service will be used.
  • DESIGN: The application will use a relational database.
  • DESIGN: The CI/CD pipeline will include security scanning tools.