attack-tree.md

Attack Tree Analysis for akhikhl/gretty

Objective: Compromise an application using Gretty by exploiting vulnerabilities introduced or facilitated by Gretty itself.

Attack Tree Visualization

Attack Goal: Compromise Application via Gretty

    OR

    [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1. Exploit Gretty Misconfiguration
        OR
        [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.1. Insecure Port Exposure
            OR
            [CRITICAL NODE] 1.1.1. Expose Debug Ports/Endpoints
            [CRITICAL NODE] 1.1.2. Expose Management Ports/Endpoints
        [HIGH-RISK PATH] 1.2. Verbose Logging/Information Disclosure
            OR
            [CRITICAL NODE] 1.2.1. Expose Sensitive Data in Gretty Logs (e.g., credentials, paths)
    [HIGH-RISK PATH] 2. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Embedded Server Management via Gretty
        OR
        [HIGH-RISK PATH] 2.1. Direct Access to Embedded Server Management Interface
            OR
            [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1.1. Gretty Exposes Jetty/Tomcat Manager App Unintentionally
            [CRITICAL NODE] 2.1.2. Weak/Default Credentials for Manager App (if Gretty facilitates setup)
        [HIGH-RISK PATH] 2.3. Dependency Vulnerabilities Introduced/Exposed by Gretty
            OR
            [CRITICAL NODE] 2.3.1. Outdated Embedded Server Version (Jetty/Tomcat) due to Gretty dependency management
            [CRITICAL NODE] 2.3.2. Vulnerable Gretty Plugin Dependencies

Attack Tree Path: 1. Exploit Gretty Misconfiguration (HIGH-RISK PATH)

Description: This path focuses on exploiting vulnerabilities arising from incorrect or insecure configuration of Gretty itself, leading to unintended exposure or information disclosure.

*   **1.1. Insecure Port Exposure (HIGH-RISK PATH)**
    *   **Description:**  This sub-path targets vulnerabilities related to exposing sensitive ports due to misconfiguration.

        *   **1.1.1. Expose Debug Ports/Endpoints (CRITICAL NODE)**
            *   **Attack Vector:** Unintentionally exposing debug ports (e.g., JDWP) or debug endpoints of the embedded server to unauthorized access.
            *   **Likelihood:** Medium
            *   **Impact:** Critical (Remote Code Execution, Full System Compromise possible)
            *   **Effort:** Low
            *   **Skill Level:** Medium
            *   **Detection Difficulty:** Easy
            *   **Actionable Insights:**
                *   Review Gretty configuration for `debugPort`, `debugSuspend`, etc.
                *   Restrict access to debug ports to `localhost` or internal networks only.
                *   Disable debug features entirely in production environments.

        *   **1.1.2. Expose Management Ports/Endpoints (CRITICAL NODE)**
            *   **Attack Vector:** Unintentionally exposing management interfaces (e.g., Tomcat Manager App, Jetty JMX) of the embedded server to unauthorized access.
            *   **Likelihood:** Medium
            *   **Impact:** Critical (Application takeover, deployment manipulation)
            *   **Effort:** Low
            *   **Skill Level:** Medium
            *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium
            *   **Actionable Insights:**
                *   Disable manager applications by default in Gretty configuration.
                *   If needed for development, restrict access and enforce strong authentication.
                *   Avoid exposing management interfaces externally.

    *   **1.2. Verbose Logging/Information Disclosure (HIGH-RISK PATH)**
        *   **Description:** This sub-path focuses on vulnerabilities arising from excessive logging that reveals sensitive information.

            *   **1.2.1. Expose Sensitive Data in Gretty Logs (e.g., credentials, paths) (CRITICAL NODE)**
                *   **Attack Vector:** Sensitive information like credentials, file paths, or configuration details being logged in Gretty or embedded server logs and becoming accessible to attackers.
                *   **Likelihood:** Medium
                *   **Impact:** Significant (Credential theft, information for further attacks)
                *   **Effort:** Low
                *   **Skill Level:** Low
                *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium
                *   **Actionable Insights:**
                    *   Review logging configurations for Gretty and the embedded server.
                    *   Minimize logging of sensitive data. Redact or mask if necessary.
                    *   Securely store log files and restrict access.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1. Insecure Port Exposure (HIGH-RISK PATH)

• Description: This sub-path targets vulnerabilities related to exposing sensitive ports due to misconfiguration.

      *   **1.1.1. Expose Debug Ports/Endpoints (CRITICAL NODE)**
          *   **Attack Vector:** Unintentionally exposing debug ports (e.g., JDWP) or debug endpoints of the embedded server to unauthorized access.
          *   **Likelihood:** Medium
          *   **Impact:** Critical (Remote Code Execution, Full System Compromise possible)
          *   **Effort:** Low
          *   **Skill Level:** Medium
          *   **Detection Difficulty:** Easy
          *   **Actionable Insights:**
              *   Review Gretty configuration for `debugPort`, `debugSuspend`, etc.
              *   Restrict access to debug ports to `localhost` or internal networks only.
              *   Disable debug features entirely in production environments.
  
      *   **1.1.2. Expose Management Ports/Endpoints (CRITICAL NODE)**
          *   **Attack Vector:** Unintentionally exposing management interfaces (e.g., Tomcat Manager App, Jetty JMX) of the embedded server to unauthorized access.
          *   **Likelihood:** Medium
          *   **Impact:** Critical (Application takeover, deployment manipulation)
          *   **Effort:** Low
          *   **Skill Level:** Medium
          *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium
          *   **Actionable Insights:**
              *   Disable manager applications by default in Gretty configuration.
              *   If needed for development, restrict access and enforce strong authentication.
              *   Avoid exposing management interfaces externally.
  

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1. Expose Debug Ports/Endpoints (CRITICAL NODE)

• Attack Vector: Unintentionally exposing debug ports (e.g., JDWP) or debug endpoints of the embedded server to unauthorized access. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Critical (Remote Code Execution, Full System Compromise possible) * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Medium * Detection Difficulty: Easy * Actionable Insights: * Review Gretty configuration for debugPort, debugSuspend, etc. * Restrict access to debug ports to localhost or internal networks only. * Disable debug features entirely in production environments.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2. Expose Management Ports/Endpoints (CRITICAL NODE)

• Attack Vector: Unintentionally exposing management interfaces (e.g., Tomcat Manager App, Jetty JMX) of the embedded server to unauthorized access. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Critical (Application takeover, deployment manipulation) * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Medium * Detection Difficulty: Medium * Actionable Insights: * Disable manager applications by default in Gretty configuration. * If needed for development, restrict access and enforce strong authentication. * Avoid exposing management interfaces externally.

Attack Tree Path: 1.2. Verbose Logging/Information Disclosure (HIGH-RISK PATH)

• Description: This sub-path focuses on vulnerabilities arising from excessive logging that reveals sensitive information.

          *   **1.2.1. Expose Sensitive Data in Gretty Logs (e.g., credentials, paths) (CRITICAL NODE)**
              *   **Attack Vector:** Sensitive information like credentials, file paths, or configuration details being logged in Gretty or embedded server logs and becoming accessible to attackers.
              *   **Likelihood:** Medium
              *   **Impact:** Significant (Credential theft, information for further attacks)
              *   **Effort:** Low
              *   **Skill Level:** Low
              *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium
              *   **Actionable Insights:**
                  *   Review logging configurations for Gretty and the embedded server.
                  *   Minimize logging of sensitive data. Redact or mask if necessary.
                  *   Securely store log files and restrict access.
  

Attack Tree Path: 1.2.1. Expose Sensitive Data in Gretty Logs (e.g., credentials, paths) (CRITICAL NODE)

• Attack Vector: Sensitive information like credentials, file paths, or configuration details being logged in Gretty or embedded server logs and becoming accessible to attackers. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Significant (Credential theft, information for further attacks) * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Low * Detection Difficulty: Medium * Actionable Insights: * Review logging configurations for Gretty and the embedded server. * Minimize logging of sensitive data. Redact or mask if necessary. * Securely store log files and restrict access.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Exploit Vulnerabilities in Embedded Server Management via Gretty (HIGH-RISK PATH)

Description: This path focuses on exploiting vulnerabilities related to how Gretty manages the embedded server (Jetty/Tomcat), particularly concerning management interfaces and dependencies.

*   **2.1. Direct Access to Embedded Server Management Interface (HIGH-RISK PATH)**
    *   **Description:** This sub-path targets vulnerabilities related to direct access to management interfaces of the embedded server.

        *   **2.1.1. Gretty Exposes Jetty/Tomcat Manager App Unintentionally (CRITICAL NODE)**
            *   **Attack Vector:** Gretty unintentionally enabling or exposing the manager application of the embedded server, allowing unauthorized access.
            *   **Likelihood:** Low-Medium
            *   **Impact:** Critical (Application takeover, deployment manipulation)
            *   **Effort:** Low
            *   **Skill Level:** Medium
            *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium
            *   **Actionable Insights:**
                *   Ensure Gretty configurations do not enable manager applications by default.
                *   Disable manager applications unless explicitly required for development and properly secured.

        *   **2.1.2. Weak/Default Credentials for Manager App (if Gretty facilitates setup) (CRITICAL NODE)**
            *   **Attack Vector:** If Gretty simplifies manager app setup but encourages or defaults to weak or default credentials, leading to easy compromise.
            *   **Likelihood:** Medium
            *   **Impact:** Critical (Application takeover, deployment manipulation)
            *   **Effort:** Very Low
            *   **Skill Level:** Low
            *   **Detection Difficulty:** Easy
            *   **Actionable Insights:**
                *   Enforce strong, unique credentials for manager applications if used.
                *   Avoid default credentials and hardcoding credentials in configuration.
                *   Use secure credential management practices.

*   **2.3. Dependency Vulnerabilities Introduced/Exposed by Gretty (HIGH-RISK PATH)**
    *   **Description:** This sub-path focuses on vulnerabilities arising from outdated or vulnerable dependencies used by Gretty, particularly the embedded server itself.

        *   **2.3.1. Outdated Embedded Server Version (Jetty/Tomcat) due to Gretty dependency management (CRITICAL NODE)**
            *   **Attack Vector:** Gretty relying on or bundling outdated versions of Jetty or Tomcat, inheriting known vulnerabilities.
            *   **Likelihood:** Medium
            *   **Impact:** Significant (Exposure to known vulnerabilities in Jetty/Tomcat)
            *   **Effort:** Very Low
            *   **Skill Level:** Low
            *   **Detection Difficulty:** Easy-Medium
            *   **Actionable Insights:**
                *   Monitor versions of Jetty/Tomcat and other dependencies used by Gretty.
                *   Keep Gretty plugin updated to the latest version.
                *   Explicitly manage embedded server version if Gretty allows.

        *   **2.3.2. Vulnerable Gretty Plugin Dependencies (CRITICAL NODE)**
            *   **Attack Vector:** Vulnerabilities in libraries that Gretty itself depends on, indirectly affecting applications using Gretty.
            *   **Likelihood:** Medium
            *   **Impact:** Significant (Varies depending on the vulnerability, could be RCE, DoS, Info Disclosure)
            *   **Effort:** Low
            *   **Skill Level:** Low
            *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium
            *   **Actionable Insights:**
                *   Use dependency scanning tools to identify vulnerabilities in Gretty's dependencies.
                *   Keep Gretty and all project dependencies updated.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1. Direct Access to Embedded Server Management Interface (HIGH-RISK PATH)

• Description: This sub-path targets vulnerabilities related to direct access to management interfaces of the embedded server.

      *   **2.1.1. Gretty Exposes Jetty/Tomcat Manager App Unintentionally (CRITICAL NODE)**
          *   **Attack Vector:** Gretty unintentionally enabling or exposing the manager application of the embedded server, allowing unauthorized access.
          *   **Likelihood:** Low-Medium
          *   **Impact:** Critical (Application takeover, deployment manipulation)
          *   **Effort:** Low
          *   **Skill Level:** Medium
          *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium
          *   **Actionable Insights:**
              *   Ensure Gretty configurations do not enable manager applications by default.
              *   Disable manager applications unless explicitly required for development and properly secured.
  
      *   **2.1.2. Weak/Default Credentials for Manager App (if Gretty facilitates setup) (CRITICAL NODE)**
          *   **Attack Vector:** If Gretty simplifies manager app setup but encourages or defaults to weak or default credentials, leading to easy compromise.
          *   **Likelihood:** Medium
          *   **Impact:** Critical (Application takeover, deployment manipulation)
          *   **Effort:** Very Low
          *   **Skill Level:** Low
          *   **Detection Difficulty:** Easy
          *   **Actionable Insights:**
              *   Enforce strong, unique credentials for manager applications if used.
              *   Avoid default credentials and hardcoding credentials in configuration.
              *   Use secure credential management practices.
  

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.1. Gretty Exposes Jetty/Tomcat Manager App Unintentionally (CRITICAL NODE)

• Attack Vector: Gretty unintentionally enabling or exposing the manager application of the embedded server, allowing unauthorized access. * Likelihood: Low-Medium * Impact: Critical (Application takeover, deployment manipulation) * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Medium * Detection Difficulty: Medium * Actionable Insights: * Ensure Gretty configurations do not enable manager applications by default. * Disable manager applications unless explicitly required for development and properly secured.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1.2. Weak/Default Credentials for Manager App (if Gretty facilitates setup) (CRITICAL NODE)

• Attack Vector: If Gretty simplifies manager app setup but encourages or defaults to weak or default credentials, leading to easy compromise. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Critical (Application takeover, deployment manipulation) * Effort: Very Low * Skill Level: Low * Detection Difficulty: Easy * Actionable Insights: * Enforce strong, unique credentials for manager applications if used. * Avoid default credentials and hardcoding credentials in configuration. * Use secure credential management practices.

Attack Tree Path: 2.3. Dependency Vulnerabilities Introduced/Exposed by Gretty (HIGH-RISK PATH)

• Description: This sub-path focuses on vulnerabilities arising from outdated or vulnerable dependencies used by Gretty, particularly the embedded server itself.

      *   **2.3.1. Outdated Embedded Server Version (Jetty/Tomcat) due to Gretty dependency management (CRITICAL NODE)**
          *   **Attack Vector:** Gretty relying on or bundling outdated versions of Jetty or Tomcat, inheriting known vulnerabilities.
          *   **Likelihood:** Medium
          *   **Impact:** Significant (Exposure to known vulnerabilities in Jetty/Tomcat)
          *   **Effort:** Very Low
          *   **Skill Level:** Low
          *   **Detection Difficulty:** Easy-Medium
          *   **Actionable Insights:**
              *   Monitor versions of Jetty/Tomcat and other dependencies used by Gretty.
              *   Keep Gretty plugin updated to the latest version.
              *   Explicitly manage embedded server version if Gretty allows.
  
      *   **2.3.2. Vulnerable Gretty Plugin Dependencies (CRITICAL NODE)**
          *   **Attack Vector:** Vulnerabilities in libraries that Gretty itself depends on, indirectly affecting applications using Gretty.
          *   **Likelihood:** Medium
          *   **Impact:** Significant (Varies depending on the vulnerability, could be RCE, DoS, Info Disclosure)
          *   **Effort:** Low
          *   **Skill Level:** Low
          *   **Detection Difficulty:** Medium
          *   **Actionable Insights:**
              *   Use dependency scanning tools to identify vulnerabilities in Gretty's dependencies.
              *   Keep Gretty and all project dependencies updated.
  

Attack Tree Path: 2.3.1. Outdated Embedded Server Version (Jetty/Tomcat) due to Gretty dependency management (CRITICAL NODE)

• Attack Vector: Gretty relying on or bundling outdated versions of Jetty or Tomcat, inheriting known vulnerabilities. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Significant (Exposure to known vulnerabilities in Jetty/Tomcat) * Effort: Very Low * Skill Level: Low * Detection Difficulty: Easy-Medium * Actionable Insights: * Monitor versions of Jetty/Tomcat and other dependencies used by Gretty. * Keep Gretty plugin updated to the latest version. * Explicitly manage embedded server version if Gretty allows.

Attack Tree Path: 2.3.2. Vulnerable Gretty Plugin Dependencies (CRITICAL NODE)

• Attack Vector: Vulnerabilities in libraries that Gretty itself depends on, indirectly affecting applications using Gretty. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Significant (Varies depending on the vulnerability, could be RCE, DoS, Info Disclosure) * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Low * Detection Difficulty: Medium * Actionable Insights: * Use dependency scanning tools to identify vulnerabilities in Gretty's dependencies. * Keep Gretty and all project dependencies updated.