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Attack Tree Analysis for nationalsecurityagency/skills-service

Objective: Exfiltrate Sensitive Data or Disrupt Application Availability via skills-service

Attack Tree Visualization

Goal: Exfiltrate Sensitive Data or Disrupt Application Availability via skills-service

├── 1. Compromise skills-service Instance │ ├── 1.1 Exploit Vulnerabilities in skills-service Code *** │ │ ├── 1.1.1 Input Validation Failure (Skills, Users, etc.) [CRITICAL] *** │ │ │ ├── 1.1.1.1 SQL Injection (Database Interaction) *** │ │ │ │ └── Action: Craft malicious SQL queries... │ │ │ ├── 1.1.1.2 NoSQL Injection (If MongoDB or similar is used) *** │ │ │ │ └── Action: Craft malicious NoSQL queries... │ │ │ └── 1.1.1.3 Command Injection │ │ │ └── Action: Inject OS commands... │ │ ├── 1.1.2 Authentication/Authorization Bypass │ │ │ └── 1.1.2.3 Broken Access Control [CRITICAL] │ │ │ └── Action: Exploit flaws in how skills-service enforces access... │ │ └── 1.1.4 Dependency Vulnerabilities [CRITICAL] *** │ │ └── 1.1.4.1 Vulnerable Libraries/Frameworks *** │ │ └── Action: Exploit known vulnerabilities in third-party libraries... ├── 2. Data Exfiltration (After Compromise) *** │ ├── 2.1 Direct Database Access *** │ │ └── Action: Use compromised credentials or vulnerabilities... │ └── 2.2 API Abuse *** │ └── Action: Use compromised API keys or exploit vulnerabilities...

Attack Tree Path: 1.1 Exploit Vulnerabilities in skills-service Code (High-Risk Path)

This path represents the attacker directly exploiting vulnerabilities within the skills-service codebase.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1 Input Validation Failure (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

This is the most critical vulnerability category, as it's the foundation for many other attacks. * Description: The skills-service fails to properly validate user-supplied input, allowing an attacker to inject malicious code or commands. * Mitigation: * Implement strict input validation using whitelisting (allowing only known-good input). * Use parameterized queries or an ORM to prevent SQL injection. * Use secure coding practices for NoSQL databases to prevent NoSQL injection. * Sanitize all output to prevent XSS. * Disable external entity processing in XML parsers to prevent XXE. * Avoid executing external commands; if necessary, use a whitelist and sanitize input.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1.1 SQL Injection (High-Risk Path)

  • Action: The attacker crafts malicious SQL queries that are executed by the skills-service database. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High (Data exfiltration, modification, deletion) * Effort: Low to Medium * Skill Level: Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1.2 NoSQL Injection (High-Risk Path)

  • Action: The attacker crafts malicious NoSQL queries that are executed by the skills-service database (if a NoSQL database is used). * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High (Data exfiltration, modification, deletion) * Effort: Low to Medium * Skill Level: Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.1.3 Command Injection

  • Action: Inject OS commands through user-supplied input. * Likelihood: Low * Impact: Very High * Effort: Low * Skill Level: Advanced * Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.2.3 Broken Access Control (Critical Node)

  • Description: The skills-service has flaws in how it enforces access control to resources (e.g., skills, user data, API endpoints). An attacker can access resources they shouldn't be able to. * Mitigation: * Implement robust role-based access control (RBAC). * Thoroughly test all access control logic. * Follow the principle of least privilege (users and services should only have the minimum necessary permissions). * Action: Exploit flaws in access control enforcement. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High * Effort: Medium * Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced * Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.4 Dependency Vulnerabilities (Critical Node, High-Risk Path)

  • Description: The skills-service relies on third-party libraries or frameworks that have known security vulnerabilities. * Mitigation: * Regularly update all dependencies to the latest secure versions. * Use a Software Composition Analysis (SCA) tool to identify and track vulnerable components. * Have a process for rapidly patching vulnerabilities in dependencies.

Attack Tree Path: 1.1.4.1 Vulnerable Libraries/Frameworks (High-Risk Path)

  • Action: Exploit known vulnerabilities in third-party code. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: Variable (Low to Very High, depending on the specific vulnerability) * Effort: Low to Medium (Public exploits may be available) * Skill Level: Variable (Novice to Expert) * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 2. Data Exfiltration (After Compromise) (High-Risk Path)

This path represents the actions an attacker takes after successfully compromising the skills-service instance.

Attack Tree Path: 2.1 Direct Database Access (High-Risk Path)

  • Description: The attacker gains direct access to the skills-service database, bypassing the application's intended access controls. This could be through compromised credentials, SQL injection, or other vulnerabilities. * Mitigation: * Restrict database access to only authorized services and users. * Use strong database credentials and rotate them regularly. * Implement database auditing to detect unauthorized access. * Action: Use compromised credentials or vulnerabilities to query the database directly. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High * Effort: Low to Medium * Skill Level: Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: 2.2 API Abuse (High-Risk Path)

  • Description: The attacker uses compromised API keys, exploits vulnerabilities in the API, or bypasses authentication to access sensitive data through the skills-service API. * Mitigation: * Secure API key management (strong keys, secure storage, regular rotation). * Implement robust authentication and authorization for all API endpoints. * Rate limit API requests to prevent abuse. * Monitor API usage for suspicious activity. * Action: Use compromised API keys or exploit API vulnerabilities. * Likelihood: Medium * Impact: High * Effort: Low to Medium * Skill Level: Intermediate * Detection Difficulty: Medium