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Attack Tree Analysis for netflix/asgard

Objective: Gain unauthorized access and control over applications deployed and managed by Asgard, potentially leading to data breaches, service disruption, or further lateral movement within the AWS environment.

Attack Tree Visualization

Root Goal: Compromise Application via Asgard [CRITICAL NODE]

    ├───[OR]─ Compromise Asgard Platform Itself [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   ├───[OR]─ Exploit Vulnerabilities in Asgard Application [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   └───[AND]─ Analyze Asgard's dependencies for vulnerabilities. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   └───[OR]─ Exploit Misconfigurations in Asgard Deployment [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │           ├───[Action]─ Identify weak authentication/authorization settings in Asgard. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │           ├───[Action]─ Find exposed Asgard management interfaces without proper security. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │           └───[Action]─ Discover insecure storage of Asgard configuration or secrets. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   ├───[OR]─ Compromise Asgard's Underlying Infrastructure [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   ├───[AND]─ Target Asgard's Hosting Environment (e.g., EC2 Instance, Container) [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       └───[Action]─ Leverage misconfigurations in the hosting environment's security settings. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   ├───[AND]─ Compromise Asgard's Dependencies (Libraries, Frameworks) [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       └───[Action]─ Research known vulnerabilities in Asgard's dependencies. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       └───[Action]─ Exploit vulnerable dependencies to gain access to Asgard. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   └───[OR]─ Exploit Asgard's Authentication and Authorization Mechanisms [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │       ├───[AND]─ Brute-Force/Credential Stuffing Asgard User Accounts [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │       │       └───[Action]─ Attempt to brute-force or use stolen credentials to access Asgard UI/API. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │       └───[AND]─ Privilege Escalation within Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │               ├───[Action]─ Exploit vulnerabilities or misconfigurations to gain higher privileges within Asgard (e.g., from a regular user to admin). [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │               └───[Action]─ Abuse overly permissive RBAC configurations in Asgard. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    ├───[OR]─ Abuse Asgard's Functionality to Compromise Applications [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   ├───[OR]─ Malicious Deployment/Update via Asgard [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   ├───[AND]─ Compromise Asgard User Account with Deployment Permissions [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       └───[Action]─ Gain access to an Asgard user account authorized to deploy applications. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   └───[AND]─ Deploy Backdoored Application Versions via Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │           └───[Action]─ Use Asgard's deployment features to push compromised application versions. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   ├───[OR]─ Configuration Tampering via Asgard [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   ├───[AND]─ Modify Security Groups via Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       ├───[Action]─ Use Asgard to weaken security group rules, opening up attack vectors to applications. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       └───[Action]─ Create overly permissive security groups for newly deployed applications. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   ├───[AND]─ Modify Load Balancer Rules via Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       ├───[Action]─ Use Asgard to misconfigure load balancer rules, exposing internal services or bypassing security controls. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       └───[Action]─ Redirect traffic to attacker-controlled infrastructure. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   ├───[AND]─ Modify Instance Configurations via Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       ├───[Action]─ Use Asgard to alter instance configurations, enabling debugging ports, installing malicious agents, etc. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   │   │       └───[Action]─ Disable security features on managed instances. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
    │   └───[OR]─ Indirect Compromise via Asgard's AWS Credentials [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
        └───[AND]─ Steal Asgard's AWS Credentials [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]
            ├───[OR]─ Compromise Asgard Instance/Host to Extract Credentials [HIGH-RISK PATH]
            │   ├───[Action]─ If Asgard runs on EC2, exploit instance metadata service vulnerabilities to retrieve IAM role credentials. [HIGH-RISK PATH]
            │   └───[Action]─ Access Asgard's filesystem or memory to extract stored AWS credentials (if insecurely stored). [HIGH-RISK PATH]
            ├───[OR]─ Compromise Asgard's Configuration to Reveal Credentials [HIGH-RISK PATH]
            │   └───[Action]─ Access Asgard's configuration files or databases where AWS credentials might be stored in plaintext or weakly encrypted. [HIGH-RISK PATH]

Attack Tree Path: Root Goal: Compromise Application via Asgard [CRITICAL NODE]

  • This is the ultimate objective. Success here means the attacker has achieved their goal of compromising applications managed by Asgard.

Attack Tree Path: Compromise Asgard Platform Itself [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]

  • This path focuses on directly attacking Asgard to gain control. Success here provides broad access to managed applications.

    • Exploit Vulnerabilities in Asgard Application [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Analyze Asgard's dependencies for vulnerabilities. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Exploiting known vulnerabilities in libraries and frameworks used by Asgard.

    • Exploit Misconfigurations in Asgard Deployment [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Identify weak authentication/authorization settings in Asgard. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Exploiting default credentials, weak passwords, lack of MFA, or overly permissive access controls.
        • Find exposed Asgard management interfaces without proper security. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Accessing publicly exposed Asgard UI or API without proper authentication or authorization.
        • Discover insecure storage of Asgard configuration or secrets. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Finding AWS credentials or other sensitive information stored in plaintext or weakly encrypted in configuration files or databases.

    • Compromise Asgard's Underlying Infrastructure [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Target Asgard's Hosting Environment (e.g., EC2 Instance, Container) [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Leverage misconfigurations in the hosting environment's security settings. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Exploiting misconfigured security groups, IAM roles, or network settings of the environment hosting Asgard.
        • Compromise Asgard's Dependencies (Libraries, Frameworks) [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Research known vulnerabilities in Asgard's dependencies. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Identifying and targeting known vulnerabilities in Asgard's dependencies.
          • Exploit vulnerable dependencies to gain access to Asgard. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Exploiting identified dependency vulnerabilities to gain access to the Asgard application or its host.

    • Exploit Asgard's Authentication and Authorization Mechanisms [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Brute-Force/Credential Stuffing Asgard User Accounts [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Attempt to brute-force or use stolen credentials to access Asgard UI/API. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Trying to guess passwords or using lists of compromised credentials to gain access to Asgard user accounts.
        • Privilege Escalation within Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Exploit vulnerabilities or misconfigurations to gain higher privileges within Asgard (e.g., from a regular user to admin). [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Exploiting bugs or misconfigurations to elevate privileges from a regular user to an administrator within Asgard.
          • Abuse overly permissive RBAC configurations in Asgard. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Exploiting overly broad role-based access control (RBAC) permissions to gain unauthorized access to functionalities.

Attack Tree Path: Abuse Asgard's Functionality to Compromise Applications [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]

  • This path focuses on using Asgard's intended features maliciously after gaining access.

    • Malicious Deployment/Update via Asgard [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Compromise Asgard User Account with Deployment Permissions [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Gain access to an Asgard user account authorized to deploy applications. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Compromising an Asgard account that has permissions to deploy applications.
        • Deploy Backdoored Application Versions via Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Use Asgard's deployment features to push compromised application versions. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Using a compromised Asgard account to deploy malicious or backdoored application versions.

    • Configuration Tampering via Asgard [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]:

      • Attack Vectors:
        • Modify Security Groups via Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Use Asgard to weaken security group rules, opening up attack vectors to applications. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Using Asgard to modify security groups to allow unauthorized access to managed applications.
          • Create overly permissive security groups for newly deployed applications. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Using Asgard to create insecure security groups for new applications during deployment.
        • Modify Load Balancer Rules via Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Use Asgard to misconfigure load balancer rules, exposing internal services or bypassing security controls. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Using Asgard to change load balancer rules to expose internal services or bypass security checks.
          • Redirect traffic to attacker-controlled infrastructure. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Using Asgard to redirect application traffic to attacker-controlled servers.
        • Modify Instance Configurations via Asgard [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Use Asgard to alter instance configurations, enabling debugging ports, installing malicious agents, etc. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Using Asgard to modify instance configurations to weaken security or install malicious software.
          • Disable security features on managed instances. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Using Asgard to disable security features on managed EC2 instances.

Attack Tree Path: Indirect Compromise via Asgard's AWS Credentials [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]

  • This path focuses on stealing the AWS credentials used by Asgard, which can lead to broader AWS account compromise.

    • Steal Asgard's AWS Credentials [CRITICAL NODE] [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
      • Attack Vectors:
        • Compromise Asgard Instance/Host to Extract Credentials [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • If Asgard runs on EC2, exploit instance metadata service vulnerabilities to retrieve IAM role credentials. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Exploiting vulnerabilities in the EC2 instance metadata service to steal the IAM role credentials assigned to the Asgard instance.
          • Access Asgard's filesystem or memory to extract stored AWS credentials (if insecurely stored). [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Gaining access to the Asgard server's file system or memory to extract AWS credentials if they are stored insecurely.
        • Compromise Asgard's Configuration to Reveal Credentials [HIGH-RISK PATH]:
          • Access Asgard's configuration files or databases where AWS credentials might be stored in plaintext or weakly encrypted. [HIGH-RISK PATH]: Accessing Asgard's configuration files or databases to find AWS credentials stored insecurely.