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Attack Tree Analysis for alibaba/druid

Objective: Exfiltrate Data / Disrupt Druid Availability

Attack Tree Visualization

                                      +-------------------------------------------------+
                                      |  Exfiltrate Data / Disrupt Druid Availability  |
                                      +-------------------------------------------------+
                                                       |
          +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
          |                                                                                                                |
+-------------------------+                                                                                +-------------------------+
|  Exploit Druid          |                                                                                |  Abuse Druid Features   |
|  Vulnerabilities        |                                                                                |  / Misconfigurations    |
+-------------------------+                                                                                +-------------------------+
          |                                                                                                                |
+---------+                                                                                                  +---------+---------+---------+
| CVE-    |                                                                                                  | Unauth  | Weak    | Overly  |
| 2021-   |                                                                                                  | Access  | Auth    | Permiss-|
| 25646   |                                                                                                  | to      | Config  | ive     |
| (RCE)   |                                                                                                  | APIs    |         | JMX/    |
| [CRITICAL]|                                                                                                  | [HIGH-  | [HIGH-  | SQL     |
|         |                                                                                                  | RISK]   | RISK]   | [HIGH-  |
+---------+                                                                                                  +---------+---------+---------+
          |                                                                                                                |         |         |
**+---------+**                                                                                                   **+---------+** **+---------+** +---------+
**| Exploit |**                                                                                                   **| Lack of |** **| Use     |** | Configure|
**| WebLogic|**                                                                                                   **| Input   |** **| Default |** | Druid to|
**| Deserial|**                                                                                                   **| Valid-  |** **| Creds   |** | Access  |
**| ization |**                                                                                                   **| ation   |** **| [CRITICAL]|** | External|
**| (if     |**                                                                                                   **| on      |** **|         |** | Systems |
**| present)|**                                                                                                   **| Druid   |** **|         |** | (e.g.,  |
**| [HIGH-  |**                                                                                                   **| SQL     |** **|         |** | S3,     |
**|  RISK]  |**                                                                                                   **| Queries |** **|         |** | HDFS)   |
**+---------+**                                                                                                   **| [HIGH-  |** **|         |** | [HIGH-  |
                                                                                                                    **|  RISK]  |** **|         |** |  RISK]  |
                                                                                                                    **+---------+** **+---------+** +---------+
                                                                                                                                  |
                                                                                                                        +---------------------+
                                                                                                                        |  Abuse JavaScript   |
                                                                                                                        |  Task Execution     |
                                                                                                                        |  (if enabled and    |
                                                                                                                        |   misconfigured)    |
                                                                                                                        |  [CRITICAL]         |
                                                                                                                        +---------------------+
                                                                                                                                  |
                                                                                                                        +---------------------+
                                                                                                                        |  Execute Arbitrary  |
                                                                                                                        |  JavaScript Code    |
                                                                                                                        |  (RCE) [CRITICAL]   |
                                                                                                                        +---------------------+

Attack Tree Path: Critical Nodes

  • CVE-2021-25646 (RCE):

    • Description: Unsafe deserialization in druid-web-console allows remote code execution.
    • Likelihood: Medium (If unpatched and exposed) / Low (If patched or mitigated)
    • Impact: Very High (Complete system compromise)
    • Effort: Low (Public exploits available)
    • Skill Level: Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium (IDS/IPS might detect, but sophisticated attackers can evade)
    • Mitigation: Apply the patch for CVE-2021-25646 immediately. If patching is impossible, disable the web console (druid.web.console.enabled=false). Restrict network access.

  • Use Default Creds:

    • Description: Using default credentials for Druid or any of its dependencies.
    • Likelihood: Medium (Unfortunately common)
    • Impact: Very High (Complete compromise)
    • Effort: Very Low
    • Skill Level: Novice
    • Detection Difficulty: Easy (If detected, but often goes unnoticed initially)
    • Mitigation: Change all default credentials immediately after installation.

  • Abuse JavaScript Task Execution (and subsequent RCE):

    • Description: Druid's JavaScript task execution feature, if enabled and misconfigured, allows attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript code, leading to RCE.
    • Likelihood: Low (If disabled, as recommended) / High (If enabled and misconfigured)
    • Impact: Very High (RCE)
    • Effort: Medium
    • Skill Level: Advanced
    • Detection Difficulty: Hard (Requires deep inspection of task definitions and execution)
    • Mitigation: Disable the JavaScript task execution feature (druid.javascript.enabled=false) unless absolutely required. If required, restrict access to trusted users and implement sandboxing.

Attack Tree Path: High-Risk Paths

  • Exploit WebLogic/Jackson Deserialization --> ... (RCE):

    • Description: If Druid is deployed within a vulnerable WebLogic environment or uses vulnerable Jackson versions for data binding, deserialization vulnerabilities can be exploited for RCE.
    • Likelihood: Medium (If vulnerable versions are present)
    • Impact: Very High (RCE)
    • Effort: Medium (Public exploits may exist)
    • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium
    • Mitigation: Ensure WebLogic is patched and Jackson is updated to safe versions. Avoid using untrusted data in deserialization.

  • Unauthenticated Access to APIs --> Data Exfiltration / Cluster Control:

    • Description: If Druid's APIs are not properly secured, an attacker can directly interact with the cluster without authentication, leading to data theft or control over the cluster.
    • Likelihood: Medium (If misconfigured)
    • Impact: High (Data exfiltration, cluster control)
    • Effort: Low
    • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium (API logs, access patterns)
    • Mitigation: Always require authentication for all Druid APIs. Use strong authentication (API keys, OAuth 2.0) and RBAC.

  • Weak Authentication Configuration --> Credential Compromise --> Data Exfiltration / Cluster Control:

    • Description: Using weak passwords, default credentials, or easily guessable API keys makes credential compromise highly likely, leading to data theft or control over the cluster.
    • Likelihood: Medium (Common mistake)
    • Impact: High (Credential compromise)
    • Effort: Low (Brute-force, credential stuffing)
    • Skill Level: Novice
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium (Failed login attempts)
    • Mitigation: Change default credentials, enforce strong password policies, use a password manager, and rotate API keys regularly.

  • Overly Permissive JMX/SQL --> Data Exfiltration / Cluster Control:

    • Description: Misconfigured JMX or SQL access grants attackers excessive privileges, allowing them to steal data or control the cluster.
    • Likelihood: Medium (If misconfigured)
    • Impact: High (Data exfiltration, cluster control)
    • Effort: Low to Medium
    • Skill Level: Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium (Audit logs, query monitoring)
    • Mitigation: Disable JMX if unnecessary. Secure JMX with strong authentication/authorization. Use Druid's SQL authorization to restrict access.

  • Lack of Input Validation on Druid SQL Queries --> SQL Injection --> Data Exfiltration / Data Manipulation:

    • Description: If Druid SQL queries are not properly validated, attackers can inject malicious code, leading to data theft or manipulation.
    • Likelihood: Medium (Common vulnerability)
    • Impact: High (SQL injection, data manipulation)
    • Effort: Low to Medium
    • Skill Level: Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium (SQL query logs, WAF)
    • Mitigation: Implement strict input validation. Use parameterized queries or prepared statements. Sanitize user input.

  • Configure Druid to Access External Systems --> Access to sensitive data in external systems:

    • Description: If Druid is configured to access external systems (S3, HDFS) with compromised credentials, attackers can access those resources.
    • Likelihood: Low to Medium (Depends on configuration)
    • Impact: High (Access to sensitive data in external systems)
    • Effort: Medium
    • Skill Level: Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium (CloudTrail logs, access patterns)
    • Mitigation: Use the principle of least privilege. Grant Druid only minimum necessary permissions. Use IAM roles or service accounts. Audit access permissions.