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Attack Tree Analysis for apache/shardingsphere

Objective: Gain Unauthorized Access to Data or Disrupt Availability/Integrity [CN]

Attack Tree Visualization

                                      Gain Unauthorized Access to Data or Disrupt Availability/Integrity [CN]
                                                      /                                 |                                 \
                                                     /                                  |                                  \
                                    -------------------------          -------------------------          -------------------------
                                    |  Data Leakage/Theft  |          |  Denial of Service (DoS)  |          |  Data Manipulation  |
                                    -------------------------          -------------------------          -------------------------
                                   /                                                     /                                  /
                                  /                                                     /                                  /
                 -----------------                                  -----------------                    -----------------
                 |  Inject       |                                  |  Resource     |                    |  Exploit       |
                 |  Malicious   |                                  |  Exhaustion  |                    |  Configuration |
                 |  SQL (Data   |                                  |  (Sharding/   |                    |  Vulnerabilities|
                 |  Source)    |                                  |  Parsing)    |                    |  [CN] [HR]      |
                 | [CN] [HR]    |                                  | [CN] [HR]    |                    -----------------
                 -----------------                                  -----------------
                        |B                                                |A                                      |C

Attack Tree Path: A. Resource Exhaustion (Sharding/Parsing) - [CN] [HR]

  • Description: An attacker overwhelms ShardingSphere's parsing or sharding logic by sending complex or numerous queries. This consumes excessive resources (CPU, memory, network), leading to a denial of service.
    • Attack Vectors:
      • Complex Queries: Sending deeply nested SQL queries, queries with a large number of OR conditions, or queries that trigger complex sharding rule evaluations.
      • High Request Volume: Flooding ShardingSphere with a large number of requests, exceeding its capacity to process them.
      • Exploiting Inefficient Sharding Rules: If custom sharding rules are poorly designed, an attacker might craft queries that trigger excessive computation during rule evaluation.
    • Likelihood: Medium to High
    • Impact: High (Denial of Service)
    • Effort: Low to Medium
    • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium

Attack Tree Path: B. Inject Malicious SQL (Data Source) - [CN] [HR]

  • Description: An attacker exploits a SQL injection vulnerability in the underlying database accessed through ShardingSphere. This bypasses ShardingSphere's own SQL parsing if it's not configured to prevent this or if the database itself doesn't use parameterized queries.
    • Attack Vectors:
      • Unsanitized Input: If the application or ShardingSphere doesn't properly sanitize user input before passing it to the database, an attacker can inject malicious SQL code.
      • Vulnerable Database: Even with ShardingSphere, if the underlying database has known SQL injection vulnerabilities and isn't using parameterized queries/prepared statements, it's susceptible.
      • Bypassing ShardingSphere's Parser: An attacker might try to craft a query that is misinterpreted by ShardingSphere's parser, allowing malicious SQL to reach the database. (Less likely, but possible).
    • Likelihood: Low to Medium (Highly dependent on underlying database security)
    • Impact: Very High (Data breach, potential RCE)
    • Effort: Medium to High
    • Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium to Hard

Attack Tree Path: C. Exploit Configuration Vulnerabilities - [CN] [HR]

  • Description: An attacker exploits misconfigurations in ShardingSphere's settings (YAML, properties, etc.) to gain unauthorized access or disrupt service.
    • Attack Vectors:
      • Weak Authentication: Using default or easily guessable passwords for ShardingSphere's proxy or the underlying databases.
      • Exposed Management Interfaces: Exposing ShardingSphere's management interface (if used) to the public internet without proper authentication or authorization.
      • Insecure Defaults: Using default configurations that have known security weaknesses.
      • Incorrect Sharding Rules: Defining sharding rules that inadvertently expose sensitive data or allow unauthorized access to specific shards.
      • Disabled Security Features: Turning off built-in security features like SQL auditing or encryption without a valid reason.
      • Lack of Input Validation on Configuration: If the configuration itself is loaded from an untrusted source without validation, an attacker could inject malicious settings.
    • Likelihood: Medium
    • Impact: High to Very High
    • Effort: Low to Medium
    • Skill Level: Novice to Intermediate
    • Detection Difficulty: Medium