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Attack Tree Analysis for bumptech/glide

Objective: Execute Arbitrary Code, Leak Sensitive Data, or Cause DoS via Glide

Attack Tree Visualization

Attacker's Goal: Execute Arbitrary Code, Leak Sensitive Data, or Cause DoS via Glide

├── OR (Choose a primary attack vector) │ ├── AND (Execute Arbitrary Code) [HIGH RISK] │ │ ├── OR (Find a suitable vulnerability) │ │ │ ├── Exploit a vulnerability in a custom Transformation or ResourceDecoder that interacts unsafely with user-provided data. [CRITICAL] [HIGH RISK] │ │ ├── AND (Deliver the malicious image to the application) [CRITICAL] │ │ │ ├── Upload the image through a user-controlled input field (if the app allows image uploads). [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ ├── Trick the application into loading the image from a malicious URL (e.g., via SSRF, open redirect, or compromised third-party service). [HIGH RISK] │ ├── AND (Leak Sensitive Data) │ │ ├── OR (Find a suitable vulnerability/weakness) │ │ │ ├── Leverage Glide's caching mechanism to access cached images that should be protected (e.g., images belonging to other users). [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ │ ├── AND (Predict or control cache keys) [CRITICAL] │ │ │ │ │ ├── Exploit predictable cache key generation (e.g., if keys are based on easily guessable user IDs or timestamps). [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ │ ├── AND (Bypass access controls) │ │ │ │ │ ├── Exploit a flaw in the application's logic that allows accessing cached images without proper authorization. [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ ├── Exploit a custom Transformation or ResourceDecoder that leaks sensitive information during image processing (e.g., by writing data to an insecure location). [CRITICAL] [HIGH RISK] │ ├── AND (Cause Denial of Service - DoS) [HIGH RISK] │ │ ├── OR (Find a suitable vulnerability/weakness) │ │ │ ├── Trigger excessive image processing. [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ │ ├── AND (Provide a very large or complex image) [CRITICAL] │ │ │ │ │ ├── Provide a URL to a large image. [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ ├── Exhaust Glide's cache. [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ │ ├── AND (Flood the application with image requests) [CRITICAL] │ │ │ │ │ ├── Send a large number of requests for different images. [HIGH RISK] │ │ │ ├── Exploit a custom Transformation or ResourceDecoder that consumes excessive resources or causes crashes. [CRITICAL] [HIGH RISK]

Attack Tree Path: 1. Execute Arbitrary Code [HIGH RISK]

  • Vulnerability:

    • Exploit a vulnerability in a custom Transformation or ResourceDecoder [CRITICAL] [HIGH RISK]:
      • Description: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in custom code written by the application developers to extend Glide's functionality. These vulnerabilities can include buffer overflows, format string bugs, injection flaws, or any other code execution vulnerability.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Very High
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Advanced
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Mitigation: Thorough code review, fuzz testing, secure coding practices (input validation, output encoding, avoiding dangerous functions), and regular security audits of custom components.

  • Delivery:

    • Upload the image through a user-controlled input field [HIGH RISK]:

      • Description: If the application allows users to upload images, attackers can upload a specially crafted malicious image designed to exploit a vulnerability.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: N/A (Delivery Step)
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Novice
      • Detection Difficulty: Easy
      • Mitigation: Strict file type validation (not just MIME type), image re-encoding, size limits, and potentially sandboxing image processing.

    • Trick the application into loading the image from a malicious URL [HIGH RISK]:

      • Description: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities like Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), open redirects, or compromise a third-party service the application relies on to load images. This allows them to force Glide to load an image from a URL they control.
      • Likelihood: Low
      • Impact: N/A (Delivery Step)
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Mitigation: Strict URL validation (whitelist of allowed domains), avoid open redirects, secure third-party service integrations, and consider using a dedicated image proxy.

Attack Tree Path: 2. Leak Sensitive Data

  • Vulnerability:

    • Leverage Glide's caching mechanism [HIGH RISK]:

      • Description: Attackers exploit weaknesses in how Glide caches images to access images that should be protected, such as those belonging to other users or containing sensitive information.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Medium
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Mitigation: Secure cache storage, strong access controls, and careful cache key design.

    • Predict or control cache keys [CRITICAL]:

      • Exploit predictable cache key generation [HIGH RISK]:
        • Description: If cache keys are generated using easily guessable information (e.g., sequential user IDs, timestamps), attackers can predict the keys for sensitive images and access them.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: N/A (Sub-step)
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Intermediate
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
        • Mitigation: Use cryptographically secure hash functions to generate cache keys, incorporating a secret salt and all relevant image parameters. Avoid using user-controllable data directly in keys.

    • Bypass access controls:

      • Exploit a flaw in the application's logic [HIGH RISK]:
        • Description: Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in the application's code that allow them to bypass authorization checks and access cached images they shouldn't be able to.
        • Likelihood: Medium
        • Impact: N/A (Sub-step)
        • Effort: Medium
        • Skill Level: Intermediate
        • Detection Difficulty: Medium
        • Mitigation: Implement robust authorization checks for all cached image access, following the principle of least privilege.

    • Exploit a custom Transformation or ResourceDecoder [CRITICAL] [HIGH RISK]:

      • Description: Similar to code execution, custom components can leak sensitive data if they write data to insecure locations, log sensitive information, or otherwise expose data during image processing.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Medium-High
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Advanced
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Mitigation: Thorough code review, secure coding practices, and careful handling of sensitive data within custom components.

Attack Tree Path: 3. Cause Denial of Service (DoS) [HIGH RISK]

  • Vulnerability:

    • Trigger excessive image processing [HIGH RISK]:

      • Description: Attackers provide images that are designed to consume excessive CPU, memory, or disk I/O during processing, slowing down or crashing the application.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Medium
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Novice
      • Detection Difficulty: Easy
      • Mitigation: Strict image size and complexity limits, resource limits for image processing, and potentially using a separate process or service for image processing.

    • Provide a very large or complex image [CRITICAL]:

      • Provide a URL to a large image [HIGH RISK]:
        • Description: Attackers provide a URL to a very large image, forcing Glide to download and process it, consuming resources.
        • Likelihood: High
        • Impact: N/A (Sub-step)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Novice
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy
        • Mitigation: Strict URL validation, size limits, and potentially pre-fetching image metadata to check size before downloading.

    • Exhaust Glide's cache [HIGH RISK]:

      • Description: Attackers flood the application with image requests, filling up the cache and potentially causing performance issues or disk space exhaustion.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Medium
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Intermediate
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Mitigation: Configure reasonable cache size limits, implement effective cache eviction policies, and monitor cache usage.

    • Flood the application with image requests [CRITICAL]:

      • Send a large number of requests for different images [HIGH RISK]:
        • Description: Attackers send a large number of requests for different images, overwhelming the application's ability to process them.
        • Likelihood: High
        • Impact: N/A (Sub-step)
        • Effort: Low
        • Skill Level: Novice
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy
        • Mitigation: Rate limiting, request throttling, and potentially using a Web Application Firewall (WAF).

    • Exploit a custom Transformation or ResourceDecoder [CRITICAL] [HIGH RISK]:

      • Description: Custom components can be designed to consume excessive resources or crash, leading to a DoS.
      • Likelihood: Medium
      • Impact: Medium
      • Effort: Medium
      • Skill Level: Advanced
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium
      • Mitigation: Thorough code review, resource limits, and careful design of custom components to avoid resource exhaustion or crashes.