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Attack Tree Analysis for jenkinsci/jenkins

Objective: [[Gain RCE on Application Server via Jenkins]]

Attack Tree Visualization

                                     [[Gain RCE on Application Server via Jenkins]]
                                                    |
          =================================================================================================
          ||                                        ||                                                     ||
  [[Exploit Jenkins Core/Plugins]]        [[Abuse Jenkins Features/Configuration]]                [Compromise Jenkins Credentials]
          ||                                        ||                                                     |
  =====================               =====================================               -----------------
  ||                                   ||                   ||                                     |
[[CVE Exploitation]]                 [[Script Console]] [[Build Triggers]]                       [[Default/Common]]
  ||                                   ||                   ||
  ||                                   ||   =================
  ||                                   ||   ||
  ||                                   ||   ||
[[Known CVE]]                         [[Custom Script]] [[Unsafe Build Steps]]
  ||                                                     ||
  ||                                                     ||
[[Public Exploit]]                                     [[Shell Commands]]

Attack Tree Path: [[Exploit Jenkins Core/Plugins]]

  • Description: This attack vector focuses on leveraging vulnerabilities within the core Jenkins software or its installed plugins. It's a critical area because vulnerabilities here can often lead directly to RCE.
  • High-Risk Path: === [[CVE Exploitation]] === [[Known CVE]] === [[Public Exploit]]
    • [[CVE Exploitation]]:
      • Description: Exploiting known and documented vulnerabilities (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures).
      • Why Critical: CVEs are publicly known, making them easier targets for attackers.
    • [[Known CVE]]:
      • Description: A vulnerability with a specific CVE identifier, indicating it's been publicly disclosed.
      • Why Critical: Public disclosure means information about the vulnerability is readily available.
    • [[Public Exploit]]:
      • Description: A readily available exploit code or script that automates the exploitation of a specific CVE.
      • Why Critical: Public exploits drastically lower the skill and effort required for an attacker, making this the most dangerous path.
      • Likelihood: High (if unpatched and exploit exists) / Low (if patched promptly)
      • Impact: Very High (RCE)
      • Effort: Very Low (if exploit is readily available)
      • Skill Level: Novice (can use pre-built tools)
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium (IDS/IPS might detect, but obfuscation is possible)

Attack Tree Path: [[Abuse Jenkins Features/Configuration]]

  • Description: This attack vector involves misusing legitimate Jenkins features or exploiting misconfigurations to gain unauthorized access or execute malicious code.

  • High-Risk Path 1: === [[Script Console]] === [[Custom Script]]

    • [[Script Console]]:
      • Description: The built-in Groovy script console in Jenkins, which allows administrators to execute arbitrary Groovy code.
      • Why Critical: Provides a direct and powerful way to execute code on the Jenkins server.
    • [[Custom Script]]:
      • Description: Running arbitrary, attacker-supplied Groovy code within the script console.
      • Why Critical: Allows for complete control over the Jenkins server and potentially the underlying host.
      • Likelihood: Medium (requires admin access)
      • Impact: Very High (RCE)
      • Effort: Low (if admin access is obtained)
      • Skill Level: Intermediate (requires Groovy knowledge)
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium (audit logs might show script execution, but content might be obfuscated)

  • High-Risk Path 2: === [[Build Triggers]] === [[Unsafe Build Steps]] === [[Shell Commands]]

    • [[Build Triggers]]:
      • Description: Mechanisms that automatically start Jenkins builds based on certain events (e.g., code commits, time schedules, webhooks).
      • Why Critical: Misconfigured triggers can be abused to initiate malicious builds.
    • [[Unsafe Build Steps]]:
      • Description: Build steps within a Jenkins job that are configured in a way that allows for the execution of arbitrary or malicious code.
      • Why Critical: A direct way to inject malicious code into the build process.
    • [[Shell Commands]]:
      • Description: Using shell commands (e.g., bash, cmd) within build steps.
      • Why Critical: Shell commands provide a very powerful and flexible way to execute code, making them a high-risk if not carefully sanitized. This is the most dangerous type of unsafe build step.
      • Likelihood: High (common misconfiguration)
      • Impact: Very High (RCE)
      • Effort: Low
      • Skill Level: Intermediate (basic scripting knowledge)
      • Detection Difficulty: Medium (audit logs and build history can reveal suspicious commands)

Attack Tree Path: [Compromise Jenkins Credentials]

  • Description: Gaining unauthorized access to Jenkins accounts, often through weak or compromised credentials.
    • High-Risk Path: (Brute Force === [[Default/Common]])
      • [[Default/Common]]:
        • Description: Using default credentials (e.g., "admin/admin") or commonly used passwords.
        • Why Critical: Default credentials are often well-known and easily guessed, providing a simple entry point for attackers.
        • Likelihood: High (if default credentials are not changed)
        • Impact: High (access to Jenkins)
        • Effort: Very Low
        • Skill Level: Novice
        • Detection Difficulty: Easy (if default credentials are known)