mitigations.md

Mitigation Strategies Analysis for macrozheng/mall

Mitigation Strategy: Enforce Parameterized Queries in MyBatis

• Description:

  1. Review All MyBatis Mappers: Examine all XML mapper files (.xml) and Java code using MyBatis annotations (@Select, @Update, etc.) within the mall project.
  2. Identify String Concatenation: Locate any instances where SQL queries are built using string concatenation, especially involving user-supplied input. This includes direct concatenation (+ in Java, string interpolation in XML) and the use of ${} in MyBatis.
  3. Replace with Parameterized Placeholders: Replace all instances of string concatenation with parameterized placeholders. In MyBatis XML, use #{parameterName}. In Java annotations, pass parameters as method arguments and use #{parameterName} in the SQL string.
  4. Pass Parameters Correctly: Ensure that parameters are passed to MyBatis as Java objects, Maps, or primitive types. MyBatis will then handle the proper escaping and type conversion.
  5. Dynamic SQL Handling: For dynamic SQL sections (using <if>, <choose>, <where>, <foreach>) within mall's MyBatis mappers, ensure that no user input is directly embedded within the SQL fragments. All user-supplied values must be passed as parameters using #{}.
  6. Testing: Thoroughly test all database interactions within mall, including edge cases and invalid input, to confirm that SQL injection is not possible.

• List of Threats Mitigated:

  • SQL Injection: (Severity: Critical) - Prevents attackers from injecting malicious SQL code to access, modify, or delete data within the mall database.
  • Data Breach: (Severity: Critical) - Directly related to SQL Injection, preventing unauthorized access to mall's customer data.
  • Application Takeover: (Severity: Critical) - In severe cases, SQL injection can lead to complete takeover of the mall application.

• Impact:

  • SQL Injection: Risk reduced to Near Zero if implemented correctly and consistently within mall.
  • Data Breach: Risk significantly reduced, directly proportional to the reduction in SQL injection risk within mall.
  • Application Takeover: Risk significantly reduced, as SQL injection is a common pathway to full control of mall.

• Currently Implemented:

  • Partially Implemented: Parameterized queries are sometimes used within mall's MyBatis mappers, but inconsistencies and potential vulnerabilities likely exist, especially in dynamic SQL.

• Missing Implementation:

  • Dynamic SQL Sections: The dynamic SQL sections of mall's MyBatis mappers are the most likely areas for missing implementation.
  • Consistency Across All Mappers: A project-wide audit of mall is needed to ensure all mappers adhere to the parameterized query approach.

Mitigation Strategy: Implement Comprehensive XSS Protection in mall

• Description:

  1. Identify User Input Points: Identify all locations within mall where user input is accepted (e.g., product descriptions, reviews, search fields, user profiles).
  2. Input Validation (Whitelist): For each input field in mall, define a strict whitelist of allowed characters and patterns. Reject any input that doesn't conform to the whitelist.
  3. Output Encoding (Context-Specific): Before displaying any user-supplied data within mall, encode it appropriately for the context:
     • HTML Context: Use Encode.forHtml() from OWASP Java Encoder.
     • JavaScript Context: Use Encode.forJavaScript().
     • URL Context: Use Encode.forUriComponent().
     • Attribute Context: Use Encode.forHtmlAttribute().
  4. Rich Text Sanitization (if applicable): If mall allows rich text (HTML) input, use a library like OWASP Java HTML Sanitizer to remove dangerous tags and attributes.
  5. Testing: Thoroughly test all areas within mall where user input is displayed, using various XSS payloads.

• List of Threats Mitigated:

  • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): (Severity: High) - Prevents attackers from injecting malicious JavaScript into the mall application.
  • Session Hijacking: (Severity: High) - XSS is often used to steal session cookies, leading to account takeover within mall.
  • Website Defacement: (Severity: Medium) - Attackers can use XSS to alter the appearance of the mall website.
  • Phishing Attacks: (Severity: High) - XSS can be used to redirect mall users to malicious websites or display fake login forms.

• Impact:

  • XSS: Risk significantly reduced, approaching Low with comprehensive implementation within mall.
  • Session Hijacking: Risk significantly reduced, as XSS is a primary attack vector within mall.
  • Website Defacement: Risk significantly reduced for mall.
  • Phishing Attacks: Risk significantly reduced for mall.

• Currently Implemented:

  • Likely Partially Implemented: Some output encoding might be present in mall, but it's unlikely to be comprehensive and context-specific. Input validation likely exists but may not be strict (whitelist).

• Missing Implementation:

  • Consistent Output Encoding: A project-wide review of mall is needed to ensure all output is properly encoded.
  • Strict Input Validation (Whitelist): Input validation in mall needs to be strengthened, moving towards a whitelist approach.
  • Rich Text Sanitization: If mall allows rich text, a sanitization library needs to be integrated.

Mitigation Strategy: Strengthen Authentication and Session Management in mall

• Description:

  1. Review Spring Security Configuration: Thoroughly review mall's Spring Security configuration to ensure it aligns with best practices.
  2. Cookie Security:
     • Ensure the HttpOnly flag is set on all mall session cookies.
     • Ensure the Secure flag is set on all mall session cookies.
  3. Session Fixation Protection: Verify that session fixation protection is enabled in mall's Spring Security configuration.
  4. Password Storage:
     • Verify that mall uses a strong, adaptive hashing algorithm (BCrypt, Argon2) for password storage.
     • Confirm that passwords are never stored in plain text or using weak algorithms.
  5. Password Policies: Enforce strong password requirements (length, complexity) within mall.
  6. Account Lockout: Implement account lockout after a configured number of failed login attempts within mall.
  7. Secure Password Reset: Implement a secure, token-based password reset mechanism within mall (unique, time-limited tokens sent via email). Invalidate old tokens.
  8. Testing: Thoroughly test all authentication and session management features within mall.

• List of Threats Mitigated:

  • Broken Authentication: (Severity: Critical) - Prevents attackers from bypassing mall's authentication.
  • Session Hijacking: (Severity: High) - Protects against session hijacking in mall.
  • Brute-Force Attacks: (Severity: Medium) - Account lockout mitigates brute-force attacks against mall's login.
  • Credential Stuffing: (Severity: Medium) - Strong password policies and hashing in mall make credential stuffing less effective.
  • Weak Password Reset: (Severity: High) - Secure password reset in mall prevents easy account access.

• Impact:

  • All listed threats are significantly reduced by implementing these changes within mall.

• Currently Implemented:

  • Partially Implemented: mall likely uses Spring Security, but configuration and best practices need verification. Password hashing is likely used, but the algorithm and strength need confirmation. Cookie security flags may not be consistently set.

• Missing Implementation:

  • Consistent Cookie Security: Ensure HttpOnly and Secure flags are set on all mall session cookies.
  • Session Fixation Protection: Verify enablement.
  • Robust Password Reset: Implement a secure, token-based password reset.
  • Account Lockout: Implement account lockout.

Mitigation Strategy: Prevent Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in mall

• Description:

  1. Identify Sensitive Resources: Identify all resources within mall that should be protected (orders, user profiles, product details, etc.).
  2. Access Control Checks (Business Logic Layer): Implement access control checks before any operation on a sensitive resource within mall.
     • Verify the logged-in user has permissions to access the specific object (based on user ID, role, ownership).
     • Perform these checks in mall's service layer (business logic), not just controllers.
  3. Spring Security Annotations: Use @PreAuthorize and @PostAuthorize annotations within mall's service layer to enforce authorization rules at the method level. Example: @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN') or #order.userId == principal.id")
  4. Testing: Thoroughly test all access control logic within mall.

• List of Threats Mitigated:

  • Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR): (Severity: High) - Prevents attackers from accessing or modifying data belonging to other users within mall.
  • Unauthorized Data Access: (Severity: High) - Directly related to IDOR, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information within mall.
  • Data Modification: (Severity: High) - Prevents unauthorized modification of data within mall.

• Impact:

  • All listed threats are significantly reduced by implementing these changes within mall.

• Currently Implemented:

  • Likely Partially Implemented: Some access control is likely present in mall, but it may be incomplete or inconsistent. The use of @PreAuthorize and @PostAuthorize needs verification and expansion.

• Missing Implementation:

  • Consistent Access Control Checks: A project-wide review of mall is needed to ensure all sensitive resources are protected by proper access control checks in the business logic.
  • Comprehensive Use of @PreAuthorize and @PostAuthorize: Expand the use of these annotations within mall.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Handling of File Uploads in mall (if applicable)

• Description:

  1. Identify Upload Points: Determine where file uploads are allowed within mall (e.g., product images).
  2. File Type Validation (Whitelist):
     • Validate the file type based on content, not just extension or MIME type, within mall's upload handling logic.
     • Use a whitelist of allowed file types.
  3. File Name Sanitization:
     • Generate a new, unique file name on the server (e.g., using a UUID) within mall.
     • Store the original file name separately if needed.
     • Remove or replace dangerous characters from the file name within mall.
  4. File Size Limits: Enforce strict file size limits within mall's upload handling.
  5. Storage Location:
     • Store uploaded files outside the web root directory used by mall.
     • Serve files through a dedicated controller in mall that performs access control checks.
  6. Testing: Thoroughly test file upload functionality within mall.

• List of Threats Mitigated:

  • File Path Traversal: (Severity: High) - Prevents attackers from uploading files to arbitrary locations on the server hosting mall.
  • Execution of Malicious Files: (Severity: Critical) - Prevents attackers from uploading and executing malicious scripts on the server hosting mall.
  • Denial of Service (DoS): (Severity: Medium) - File size limits mitigate DoS attacks against mall.
  • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): (Severity: High) - If uploaded files are displayed by mall, proper handling prevents XSS.

• Impact:

  • All listed threats are significantly reduced by implementing these changes within mall.

• Currently Implemented:

  • Unknown: Requires review of mall's code to determine if and how file uploads are handled.

• Missing Implementation:

  • All aspects need verification: If file uploads are present in mall, all of the above steps need implementation and testing.

Mitigation Strategy: Address Business Logic Vulnerabilities in mall

• Description:

  1. Identify Critical Business Processes: Identify all critical business processes within mall (order placement, checkout, payment, coupon redemption, etc.).
  2. Server-Side Validation:
     • Re-validate all critical data (prices, quantities, discounts, user input) on the server-side before processing any transaction within mall.
     • Never trust client-side input or calculations within mall.
  3. Atomic Operations:
     • Use database transactions and appropriate locking mechanisms (optimistic or pessimistic locking) within mall's service layer to ensure critical operations are atomic and consistent.
  4. Coupon Code Logic: Implement robust validation for coupon codes within mall (expiration, usage limits, product restrictions, minimum purchase).
  5. Inventory Management: Implement robust inventory checks and prevent overselling within mall (database constraints or atomic operations).
  6. Testing: Conduct thorough testing, including penetration testing and business logic testing, specifically targeting mall's e-commerce functionality.

• List of Threats Mitigated:

  • Price Manipulation: (Severity: High) - Server-side validation prevents attackers from changing prices within mall.
  • Inventory Manipulation: (Severity: High) - Robust checks and atomic operations prevent overselling in mall.
  • Coupon Code Abuse: (Severity: Medium) - Strong validation prevents unauthorized discounts in mall.
  • Race Conditions: (Severity: Medium) - Atomic operations and locking prevent race conditions in mall.
  • Other Business Logic Flaws: (Severity: Variable) - Thorough testing helps identify and address other flaws specific to mall.

• Impact:

  • All listed threats are significantly reduced by implementing these changes within mall.

• Currently Implemented:

  • Likely Partially Implemented: Some server-side validation likely exists in mall, but it may be incomplete. Atomic operations and locking may not be used consistently.

• Missing Implementation:

  • Comprehensive Server-Side Validation: A project-wide review of mall is needed to ensure all critical data is re-validated.
  • Consistent Use of Atomic Operations: Ensure consistent use within mall's service layer.
  • Robust Coupon Code Logic: Implement comprehensive validation within mall.
  • Thorough Business Logic Testing: Conduct extensive testing of mall's e-commerce features.

Mitigation Strategy: Secure Logging and Error Handling within mall

• Description:

  1. Log Levels: Configure appropriate log levels for mall in different environments (DEBUG for development, INFO/WARN for production).
  2. Data Masking: Mask or sanitize sensitive data (passwords, tokens, PII) before logging within mall. This requires modifying mall's logging configuration and potentially custom log appenders.
  3. Custom Error Handling:
     • Implement custom error handlers within mall to display generic error messages to users.
     • Avoid exposing stack traces or internal error details in production deployments of mall.
     • Use Spring's @ControllerAdvice within mall for centralized error handling.
  4. Log Review: Regularly review mall's application logs.

• List of Threats Mitigated:

  • Information Disclosure: (Severity: Medium) - Prevents sensitive information from being exposed in mall's logs or error messages.
  • Reconnaissance: (Severity: Low) - Reduces information available to attackers targeting mall.

• Impact:

  • Information Disclosure: Risk significantly reduced with proper configuration and code changes within mall.
  • Reconnaissance: Risk reduced.

• Currently Implemented:

  • Likely Partially Implemented: mall likely has some logging, but data masking and custom error handling may be incomplete.

• Missing Implementation:

  • Data Masking/Sanitization: Implement robust data masking within mall's logging.
  • Comprehensive Custom Error Handling: Ensure all errors within mall are handled gracefully.